1. Travel has become a world-wide activity. 2. People travel for many reasons, but perhaps the most common is travelling for pleasure. 3. Travel is also one of the best means for learning.
Travel Travel has become a world-wide activity. Never before have so many people travelled to so many different parts of the world. With new modes of fast and comfortable transport, more and more people are tempted to leave their homes to see more of the world. People travel for many reasons but perhaps the most common is travelling for pleasure. It provides an effective way to get your mind off your work. When you return, you are fresh and energetic and ready to work harder. Travel is also one of the best means for learning. One may have heard or read about something, but one can never get an accurate picture of it until one sees it. I believe that the knowledge obtained from actual experience is more valuable than that obtained from books.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) American Karoshi (过劳死) Workaholics(工作狂)in America A thin, 40-something man with scattered white hair and wan(苍白的)complexion looked up from his notebook in a church basement on Manhattan's Upper West Side. "Hi, I'm Emerson," he said, "and I'm addicted to work." "Hi, Emerson," answered his companions. Emerson is a lecturer at a major university in the New York area. In addition to his course load, he developed two new classes last semester, submitted a book-length manuscript for publication and served as executive director of a small not-for-profit corporation. "In my own eyes I'm a lazy sloth(懒惰的人)," he declared. He even agonized over coming to this evening's Workaholics Anonymous meeting. He couldn't shake the thought of running home to update his telephone list. "I just feel compelled to do this," he said. "It's insanity." What makes workaholics of America Emerson is not alone. His condition is a product of the society that surrounds him. Joan Feldman of an investment firm in Tower 2 of the World Trade Center barely got out of the building after the first airliner crashed into Tower 1 on 11 September. While hurrying down the stairs from the 88th floor, she heard an announcement over the Center's public-address system ordering employees back to work. "I would be dead," said Ms Feldman when asked what would have happened if she had obeyed. America's obsession with work has reached epidemic proportions, according to Dr Bryan E. Robinson, family therapist and author of the 1998 book, Chained to the Desk (New York University Press). He believes that workaholism is a disease that kills people and ruins families. In New York, time is money, and since one's worth is measured by ability to earn, overwork isn't just a good idea, it's the law of supply and demand. According to psychiatrist Dr Jay B. Rohrlich, in Hollywood where one's appearance is paramount(至高无上的), the same problems might manifest themselves in anorexia(厌食症). But in New York, where working excessively to achieve success is the norm, people go overboard. "When your drive controls you, instead of you controlling it, it can be the sign of underlying problems," he points out. That equation is reinforced by new technologies which make workaholics of all of us. When Marilyn Machlowitz wrote Workaholics in 1980, things were very different. "We didn't have faxes, cell phones, cell phones with e-mail, beepers, Palm Pilots. Workaholics used to be the people who would work anytime, anywhere. What has changed is that it has become the norm to be on call 24/7. Now that's something that doesn't cause anyone to blink. Globalization has really changed a lot of our work habits." People in the financial industry check in with London when they arrive for work in the morning and don't stop until the Nikkei(日经指数)starts up at eight or nine in the evening. "The demand has increased to a point where it may be faster than people are hardwired(日经指数) to handle. And we haven't seen all that high-tech has to offer yet, either." Twenty years ago we had enforced downtime, noted Ms Machlowitz: "If we had to send a draft of a document to someone, we had time before they received it in the mail, read it and mailed it back demanding changes. That time has collapsed to nothing. 'Right away' has a new definition." A study on workaholics A study recently conducted by the health insurer Oxford Health Plans found that one in five Americans show up for work whether they're ill, injured or have a medical appointment. This same obsession keeps one in five Americans from taking their vacation — a failure which has been found to put individuals at risk of early death. "Vacationitis (假日病)" may come from fear of returning to find someone else at your desk, or the idea that everything will collapse in your absence. Workaholics Anonymous(无名氏工作儿) meeting publishes a list of telltale signs including: working more than 40 hours a week; taking work with you to bed, on weekends and on vacation; talking about work more than any other subject; believing its' okay to work long hours if you love what you do; thinking about working while driving, falling asleep or when others are talking. To New Yorkers, of course, these are simply the habits of successful people. The International Labor Office released findings that after passing the Japanese as the world's most overworked population in the mid-1990s, Americans have pulled way ahead of the pack. Americans now work an average of 1, 979 hours a year, about three-and-a-half weeks more than the Japanese, six-and-a-half weeks more than the British and about twelve-and-a-half weeks more than their German counterparts. Patrick Cleary of the National Association of Manufacturers told the New York Times, "We don't see this necessarily as bad news at all," pointing out that the increase in hours coincided with a strong economic performance. Companies often compensate for America's chronic shortage of skilled laborers with demands of forced overtime. But while an inflated salary can dull the pains of overwork, excessive job stress can cause permanent degenerative(不断恶化的)damage to the heart. Workaholics deserve more attention In Japan, if a ,salary man" is found slumped over his keyboard in the morning, it triggers survivors to call for a Karoshi investigation to determine whether the death was caused by overwork. In New York the coroner(验尸官)would call the same condition heart failure. Cardiac disease (心脏病)is a complex malady affected by diet, activity, smoking, drinking and stress —and it occurs in epidemic proportions in the US. But coroners and judges refuse to entertain the notion that inordinate work stress can cause death. "If someone is working 14 hours a day, that person is not going to be eating right," said one physician at New York's Beth Israel Medical Center, who asked that his name not be revealed. "They're not going to have time for a nice home-cooked meal. That means fast food and increased cholesterol (胆固醇). Secondly, the time constraints will not permit them to exercise. And if the person is a workaholic, often they're going to be a smoker or, if they're really stressed out, a drinker." An explosion in karoshi cases accompanied Japan's economic boom in the early 1980s. Since karoshi was legally recognized in the 1980s, 30,000 Japanese have been diagnosed as victims. The large number of work-related deaths spurred Tokyo to legislate a national pension system for surviving members of karoshi victims' families. But Washington continues to fail to react to such stimuli. US courts give no money to damage claims by overworked Americans. The law seems to suggest that if everyone is overworked to the point of debilitation(虚弱), none therefore warrants compensation. This makes America's Protestant work ethic a Puritan plague and affirms anthropologist Marshall Sahlins's comment that the market system has handed down to human beings a sentence of "life at hard labor".
1. From his appearance, we know that Emerson was exhausted by his work.
Y
2. Besides his work as a lecturer at a major university, Emerson also ran a corporation to earn more money,
N
3. According to the author, there are few people who are so addicted to work like Emerson.
N
4. Dr. Bryan E Robinson believes that workaholism is also a disease which can be cured with medicine.
NG
5. The author believes that new technologies contribute to the workaholics of modern people.
Y
6. People maybe suffer from vacationitis because they don't want to waste money during vacations.
N
7. According to the findings released by the international Labour Office, the British people occupy the third place among the world's most overworked population.
NG
8. If a "salary man" is found slumped over his keyboard, his death may be considered ______ in the US.
heart failure
9. One physician at New York's Beth Israel Medical Center believed that if a person is a workaholic, usually he will be a ______.
smoker or drinker
10. Unlike Japan, the US still fails to legislate a national pension system for ______.
[解析] W: The strike at the port has held up our export orders for two weeks. Do you think it will end soon? M: So far as I know, the management side has made an improved pay offer but the union is holding out for its original demands. Q: What does the man think of the strike?
2.
A.He doesn't like cooking every morning.
B.She doesn't really want that much.
C.She only likes a cup of milk for breakfast.
D.She thinks the meal is different here.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Do you really want that much? You usually have only a cup of milk for breakfast at home. W: Well, it's different. I don't have to fix breakfast here. When you don't have to cook, you enjoy the meal more. Q: What does the woman mean?
3.
A.He himself doesn't have a good voice.
B.He doesn't like his daughter sing at the school concert.
C.He sings better than his daughter.
D.He didn't know his daughter could sing so well.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: I heard your daughter sing at the school concert last night. She has a lovely voice, I must say. M: Thank you, but I don't know where she gets it. Q: What does the man probably mean?
[解析] M: Have you seen Johnson this afternoon? I can't find him anywhere in this school. W: I saw your brother Johnson studying with Cindy in the library. Q: Who is the man looking for Johnson?
[解析] W: Were you hurt in the accident? M: I was shocked at the time, but wasn't hurt at all. My bike was totally damaged though. Q: What do we know about the man?
[解析] W: Sergio. Thank you for agreeing to this interview. How old are you? M: Um, I'm fifty-one. W: And what is your profession? M: I'm an accountant. W: Could you tell me about your last job? Who did you work for? M: Um. I worked for a chemical company near Milan. W: How long did you work there? M: Um, for fourteen years. W: How did you lose your job? M: The company was taken over by a Swedish firm and I was made redundant. W: So, how long have you been unemployed? M: Um, for about six months. W: So, Sergio. It must be difficult being unemployed at your age. M: Of course. Many people don't want to employ someone over fifty. W: So how do you spend your days? M: I get the newspaper every day and look at the job advertisements. When I see something interesting I apply. W: Any luck so far? M: Yes, I was offered something last month, but the job was not very interesting. W: What else do you do? M: I have lunch with my former colleagues about once a month. They often hear about jobs and so on. They often have useful information. W: Have you registered with a recruitment agency? M: No, I haven't. I think they already have too many people on their books. W: So how much time do you spend looking for a job? M: Oh, about ten, fifteen hours per week. The rest of time I do housework and other things. W: I see. Thank you. Q: What was the man's job in the past?
[答案详解] 对话中男士说自己曾在米兰附近的一个化工厂做会计工作,故选D)项。
8.
A.The economy is very bad.
B.His age made him unpopular.
C.He is very picky about jobs.
D.He doesn't have any skills.
A B C D
B
[解析] Q: Why is it hard for the man to find a new job?
[答案详解] 对话中男士提到自己的年龄不好找工作,因为很多人不想雇用50岁以上的人,故选B)项。
9.
A.They bring him information about jobs.
B.They share interesting stories in life.
C.They are trying to start a business.
D.They offer him money and food.
A B C D
A
[解析] Q: What do the man and his former colleagues do at their lunch reunions?
B.They want their parents to lend some money to them.
C.They want to sell their house they are living in.
D.They want to have a baby.
A B C D
A
[解析] M: Ellen, I'd like your opinion. W: About what? M: Well, Richard and I feel that with a baby coming we need to have our own place to live. W: Oh. M: Well, what do you think about Richard and me looking for a small house or an apartment at this point in our lives? W: We love having you here, and there is room and.., and when the baby comes, the baby can stay in your room for a while. M: Richard feels we need to find a small house. W: I remember when I was pregnant with Richard. Philip and I were living with Grandma and Grandpa. Philip was a young doctor, and he kept talking about having a house of our own. It's natural. M: What did you do? W: We looked at a lot of houses. M: Did you find one? W: Oh, not at first. We couldn't afford it. Grandpa wanted to lend us the money to buy one, but Philip is too independent. He didn't want to borrow any money. M: Sounds like Richard. W: They're all alike. Richard is a real Stewart. He's independent, and sometimes just stubborn. M: When did you buy a house? W: After Richard was born. I was teaching music, and Philip was opening his first medical office. M: Where was the house? W: Right here in River date. Of course, it was a small house, but just fight for us. M: It's funny. History repeats itself. Now Richard and I are having a baby, And we probably won't be able to afford a house fight away, either.
What do Marilyn and Richard want to do?
12.
A.Because it's too crowded to live together.
B.Because the parents always interfere with their personal life.
C.Because they will have a baby.
D.Because the house is too far away from their working places.
A B C D
C
[解析] Why do they want to live apart from their parents?
13.
A.He is considerate.
B.He is aggressive.
C.He is self-reliant.
D.He is very rich.
A B C D
C
[解析] What can we learn about Richard from the conversation?
Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
[解析] M:Could you remind me when we get to Buckingham Palace.please? W:Sure,no problem Now we’re at Oxford Street,and we can get there after 30 minutes. Q:Where is the man heading for?
信息明示题。男士让女士到白金汉宫时提醒自己,由此可知,男士要去白金汉宫,所以B正确。
15.
A.That she will go away.
B.That she will be sorry.
C.That she will not quit her job.
D.That she will not buy him a present.
A B C D
C
[解析] W:Jane told me that she was going to quit her job.I'll certainly be sorry to see her go. M:She always says that!I wouldn’t buy her a going—away present if 1 wore you. Q:What does the man think about Jane?
[解析] M: I could hardly solve this complicated mathematics problem. W: You could if you had not gone to so many parties! Q: What does the woman mean?
综合推断题。男士说自己无法解答这道复杂的数学题,女士则表示如果男士不参加那么多聚会他就能解答了,言外之意即男士学习不够努力,所以B正确。 在有些条件句中,主句的谓语和从句的谓语所表示的动作在时间上并不一致,这类条件句称为错综时间条件句,一般用虚拟语气来表示,如:Ifthe weather had been more favorable,the crops would be growing still beRer.如果前些时候天气好一点,庄稼就会长得更好。
17.
A.She's worried that the man will miss next week's deadline.
B.She doesn't know when the deadline for tuition payment is.
C.The man should have paid his tuition a week ago.
D.The man has all week to pay his tuition.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: Please tell me I haven't missed the deadline for tuition payment. W: I'm afraid you are about a week late. Q: What does the woman mean?
[解析] Hello! Welcome to the Mountain Adventures website. Mountain Adventures helps hikers plan trips that are interesting and safe! It takes a lot of energy to hike in the mountains, and a lot of planning! Today we'll talk about hiking and food. The secret to a good hiking trip is choosing the right food. Here are a few tips to help with your packing. First, take along food that's easy to carry. And think about how much food you'll need. How many days will you be on the mountain? How far are you hiking? You don't want to get tired from carrying too much. Remember, hiking at high altitudes is hard on your body. And breathing at high altitudes is difficult, so you don't want to carry a lot of extra things. Choose food that's easy to cook. Food takes longerto cook at high altitudes. It's better to bring quick-cooking noodles than slow-cooking rice. And make sure you choose food that you like to eat. Remember, your body will need energy, so don't skip meals. It's always good to bring vegetables and fruit on your trip. Sometimes it's possible to buy them from the local people you meet along the mountain trails. Don't bring soft vegetables or fruit like tomatoes or bananas. It's not easy to carry these in your backpack. Instead, bring dried fruit and nuts. They aren't heavy, and they'll give you energy. And try to choose food that doesn't make much trash. You must carry all your trash off the mountain, so if you make smart choices with your food, you'll have less trash to carry. Q: What does Mountain Adventures website do?
C.It can help lower high body temperature effectively.
D.It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.
A B C D
D
[解析] A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart. More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10 to 15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows the even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.
What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?
题目问对阿司匹林的新研究有什么发现。原文提到“The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin patents soon after the operation could save thousands of lives”,可见成千上万的病人在手术后因为阿司匹林而得救。也就是用了阿司匹林使得手术后的病人死亡率降低。
5.
A.It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.
B.It speeds up their recovery after surgery.
C.It increases the blood flow to the heart.
D.It adjusts their blood pressure.
A B C D
A
[解析] In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors?
题目问根据医生的观点,阿司匹林是如何帮助接受了心脏手术的病人的。原文提到“The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked”,可见阿司匹林可以防止血液变稠和血管堵塞。
6.
A.It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.
B.It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation.
C.It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.
D.It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation.
A B C D
A
[解析] What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?
题目问医生针对阿司匹林的使用给了什么警告。原文提到“However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reaction from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery”,可见有胃出血和对其过敏的人在心脏手术后不能使用,否则会对他们造成伤害。
[解析] The lawyers representing two eleven-year-old boys accused of killing a young child have been making their final submissions. Speaking at Preston Crown Court, the lawyer for one of the boys blamed the other for the murder of two-year-old James Bulger. The Court was told there could be no doubt that the two boys were with James when he met his death on a railway track. Emma Patterson has the story: The trial entered its third and final week, the court room as packed as ever, with journalists from around the world and members of the public who'd queued for a seat. The two eleven-year-olds who can't be named for legal reasons have been identified throughout as Child A and Child B. The lawyer acting on behalf of Child A told the court that the terrible and terrifying assault on the toddler had been initiated and carried out by Child B; Child B's lawyer described his co-defendant as an arrogant little liar. He said his own client may have played a part in causing the death of James Bulger, but had not intended to have played a part in causing the death of James Bulger, and had not intended to do so. The other lawyer said causing serious injury or killing was the last thing either defendant had in mind. To find them guilty of murder, the jury must decide that the boys were well aware of the consequences of their actions. The prosecution must also prove that both boys were capable of distinguishing right from wrong and could therefore be held criminally responsible for their deeds.
What is the news about? [答案详解] 主旨大意题【考频:4】。本文第一句即点明主题。听清关键词“two eleven-year-old boys accused of killing a young child”以及final submission(屈服),再结合短文中多次出现的lawyer,accused of,the Court,the trial,prosecution,the jury等和trial(审判)相关的词或短语,很容易得出B)为正确答案。
8.
A.The two boys were accused of killing a child about two years old.
B.The two boys were accused of lying.
C.The two boys were accused of kidnapping a young child.
D.The two boys were accused of premeditated murder.
A B C D
A
[解析] What are the two eleven-year-old boys accused of? [答案详解] 细节推断题【考频:14】。听力短文的开始往往是出题点,所以听懂短文的第一句The lawyers representing two eleven-year-old boys accused of killing a young child have been making their final submissions是解题的关键,另外还要留意在第二句中被杀的孩子的年龄也恰巧是题目选项中的两岁。故选A)。
9.
A.Because this was the second week of the trial.
B.Because this was the third and the last week of the trial.
C.Because this was the first trial.
D.Because this was the third trial.
A B C D
B
[解析] Why was the court room full of people? [答案详解] 目的原因题【考频:12】。本题关键句为“The trial entered its third and final week,the court room as packed as ever”,这是第三次,也即最后一周的审讯。packed的意思是“挤满人的,拥挤的(房间等)”。故选B)。
A.Money can only influence responses to emotional pain.
B.Money can only influence responses to physical pain.
C.Money can hardly influence responses to emotional or physical pain.
D.Money can influence responses to both emotional and physical pain.
A B C D
D
[解析] Wonder why some wealthy people seem so remote? How about this for an answer? A series of studies published in Psychological Science found that money can influence responses to both emotional and physical pain.The researchers found that handling physical money makes a person less sensitive to physical pain and reduces the distress of being excluded in social situations.In other words,wealth makes you as hard and cold as steel.Or so the study says.However,the ways the studies were carried out were quite odd. For one of the tests,test subjects were told to count out a stack of 100 dollar bills or slips of blank papea and then immerse their hands in hot water.Those who handled the money reported less pain than those who handled slips ofblank paper.In another, a group of students counted the stack of 100 dollar bills or slips of blank paper,and then played a computer game involving a ball toss with three other players online.Some of the players were excluded from the ball toss during the game.Those who handled the money felt little or no distress at being excluded,while those who handled paper felt lower self-respect. “Acquired symbolic value of money,perhaps because of associations with power or control,can influence responses to both emotional and physical pain,”writes Harriet de Wit,a professor at the University of Chicago.“Conversely,thoughts of loss in money may enhance physical or psychological pain.”
What did a series of studies published in Psychological Science find?
D.The researchers of the studies were not objective enough.
A B C D
B
[解析] Which of the following about the studies is true according to the passage?
[考点] 推断题 音频提到研究方式是很奇怪的(…the ways the studies were carried out were quite odd)。这里的 odd意思是“奇怪的”,与选项B中的strange意思一致,其他选项的内容在音频中均未提及,所以选B。
Section C A couple of months ago, I went to a department store to buy a few things for the house. I needed a set of curtains for the living room, two table lamps, a mg and several 1 . I asked them to 2 the things as soon as possible, but they said that they were unable to send them out until 20 days later. After about 3 weeks, I received only the curtains and lamps. I was a little disappointed when I didn't receive all the 3 I had bought. But nevertheless, I was eager to see what the curtains and lamps looked like. I first opened the 4 with the curtains. I had bought a lovely 5 blue, and instead they had sent me a horrible dark 6 Well, you can just 7 how angry I was. Then I opened the boxes with the lamps. They were exactly what I'd 8 . But one of the lamp shapes was damaged. 9 They promised to come and 10 . It has been two weeks since my complaint. 11
The next thing I did was to telephone them to complain
[解析] next thing,telephone,complain [答案重构] The next thing I did was to phone/ call them to complain [画龙点睛] 不定式作表语,此处不可省略to。注意时态以及complain的拼写。
10.
pick them up immediately and also to replace them with the correct order
[解析] pick immediately,replace,correct order [答案重构] get them back at once and to replace them with the correct items [画龙点睛] 注意短语replace...with以及immediately的拼写,如果没把握,可以换成at once。
11.
They have neither picked up the wrong items nor sent me the rest of my order
[解析] neither, wrong items,nor, rest,order [答案重构] ①They haven't picked up the wrong items or sent me the rest of my order ②They haven't picked up the wrong items,nor have they sent me the rest of my order [画龙点睛] 此题注意neither...nor结构中的两个动词的过去分词。改写时要注意两个动词的否定。
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Whether leaders are born or made has been a subject of intense debate almost since the beginning of time. But, with current management theory indicating that "we are all leaders now", the issue is 1 ever greater importance. In The Leadership Gene, Cyril Levicki makes a(n) 2 contribution without really coming down on one side or the other. Although he leans towards the "born" rather than "made" school, he comes up with a sort of 3 based on the premise (前提) that "leaders need to be born with a set of genetic characteristics which create the raw materials from which leadership may be 4 ." Adopting the biological terminology(术语学)that has become fashionable in the management world, he adds that "if the gene of leadership is housed within the leader at birth, the chromosomes(染色体) form the 5 of the leader's development as a child and during the early evolution of their psyche(自我)." The gene is only the starting point, "the vital progenitor (祖先) of many ingredients that have to be in place before the creation of a(n) 6 leader is completed". Mr. Levicki, a former academic and consultant, identifies seven chromosomes — youthful energy, courageous circumspection, winning ways, balance, intuition, moral fibre and leadership itself. Mr. Levicki's book is 7 to help more people achieve their potential, on the grounds that there are not many good leaders around. But he stresses that the "chromosomes" only reinforce the 8 that some people have that vital something, and therefore that readers should not think that just by going through all the exercises in the book they can necessarily achieve great things. He does not go so far as those who 9 they can predict with certainty how far leaders would rise in organisations but says that "you can foretell, by and 10 , that a person has or doesn't have the 'leadership gene". A. intended I) compromise B. large J) yet C. exerted K) fostered D. assuming L) quality E. notion M) personality F. telling N) reckon G. inherited O) threads H) courses
1.
assuming
2.
telling
3.
compromise
4.
fostered
5.
threads
6.
quality
7.
intended
8.
notion
9.
reckon
10.
large
Section B
Passage One There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly. For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement. A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, "You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort."
1. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ______ are essential in achieving success.
Passage Two As interest grows, more and more schools are investing in remote learning. Why the huge upsurge of interest in remote learning? The Internet revolution is part of the answer. The Web now provides a formerly missing ingredient in distance education--quick and easy communication between students and instructors, and among classmates. In addition, demand for distance courses has increased thanks to the evolution of the information- based economy. "To stay employable, workers need to keep on learning," says Kay Kohl, executive director of the University Continuing Education Association. This trend has given rise to an older pool of graduate students: Today, more than half are over age 30, and nearly one quarter are over 40. Distance education often is a great fit for these working adults, many of whom find it difficult to skip a child's ballet lesson or fight rush-hour traffic to get to a university campus for class. "I had always wanted a master's degree, but it's hard to suspend a career and a family for it, especially when the closest school of public health is four hours away," says Jerry Parks, 45, assistant health director for Albemarle Regional Health Services. As it turns out, he didn't have to move to get his degree: After three years of coursework via teleconferencing and the Internet, Parks is finishing up a master's from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. As more people turn to distance education, a debate has flared over whether it can be a good substitute for face-to-face instruction. Thomas Russell, author of a report titled "The No Significant Difference Phenomenon", argues that the two modes of instruction are equivalent as far as student learning is concerned. But critics say that many of the studies cited in Russell's book are poorly designed, and they vehemently disagree with his point of view, "I don't think you can get any education over the Internet," says David Noble, a historian of technology at York University. "Education requires a relationship between people because it's a process of identity formation, encouragement, and inspiration. This only happens face to face."
1. What is the main reason for the workers to acquire further education?
A.They like to study.
B.They merely want to get the certificates.
C.They have to go on learning to keep their job.
D.They want to change their job.
A B C D
C
2. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A.A lot of schools are investing in remote learning because they can get great profits from it.
B.Russell thinks that the distance education is better than the face to-face instruction.
C.Distance education is intended for the working adults, and other people are excluded from it.
D.The Internet revolution is the only answer to explain the popularity of the remote learning.
A B C D
A
3. What does "flare over" mean in the third paragraph?
A.Become light.
C.Become heated,
B.Suddenly get fired.
D.Get angry.
A B C D
C
4. How does Jerry Parks finish his master's degree?
A.By going to the campus every day.
B.By going to his instructor's home.
C.By remote education.
D.By learning by himself.
A B C D
C
5. What's the author's attitude toward this kind of education?
A.Neutral.
C.Satiric.
B.Excited.
D.Negative.
A B C D
A
Part Ⅴ Cloze Kids may be spending too much time in front of computers and televisions, but are interventions (干预) designed to curb (抑制) that working? An analysis of several reports finds that some do, but 1 may be needed. An analysis of 47 studies 2 intervention programs to curb 3 time among children younger than 12 found that 29 showed programs were 4 at getting kids 5 the television, computer and video games. The interventions 6 programs based in schools, at home,in communities and in clinics and WIC(Women, Infants, and Children) centers. Some involved education, exercise, monitoring or incentives. What worked best? Interventions that 7 definite goals for less use of screen-based media or TV watching, 8 that used monitoring devices, that had contingent (可能的) 9 programs, offered clinic- based 10 , had a lot of parental 11 , and/or included overweight study participants. Studies that used electronic monitoring devices were able to 12 TV viewing from 1.5 to 3 hours a day. There were some problems, 13 ; in two studies half of the families that had the 14 didn't use them or, if they did, didn't want to use them again. The devices also 15 to be expensive. The authors recommended that future research look 16 whether reducing screen time 17 obesity, whether interventions are effective 18 the long term, and whether taking TVs out of kids' bedrooms 19 a difference. More children representing racial and 20 minorities should be included as well.
1. We have no openings now, ______ (不过我们肯定会记住你的申请).
but we'll certainly keep your application in mind。
此题考查动词短语keep in mind“记住”的用法及句子的衔接。
2. In your report,______. (你应当做出对整个事件的详细描述).
you should give a description of the whole incident in detail。
此题主要考查短语in detail“详细的”的用法。
3. The teacher forgave Tom ______(基于他还是个孩子的事实).
based on the fact that he was still a kid
4. The terrorist ______(声称对此次爆炸负责).
claimed himself responsible for the explosion
[解析] 动词claim和短语be responsible for的用法。 [解析] “声称”应译为claim,“对……负责”为be responsible for,二者连在一起时,claimed himself responsible为比较简洁的译法,也可以说claimed (that) he is responsible for...。
5. Two thousand miles ______ (对我们说太远了)to travel over a short vocation.