Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.
1. is, are Three more chairs ______ missing from the classroom.
are
[解析] 译文:教室里又有三把椅子丢了。three more chairs为可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词应用are。答案为are。
2. a, an, the, some A. There was ______ very interesting news on the radio this morning about the earthquake in Italy. B. Please give me ______ apples.
6. do, does, is, are, have, has A. A lunch of soup and sandwiches ______ not appeal to all of the students. B. More-educated people, he noted, ______ often less likely to have habits such as smoking
does, are
[解析] 译文:包括三明治和汤的午饭并不能吸引所有学生。他说,教育程度越高,越不容易有吸烟这样的习惯。A.a lunch of soup and sandwiches表示同一个事物的不同组成成分,其做主语时谓语动词用单数,又由于动词appeal,所以选does。B.people为集体名词,由题意知本句话谓语动词用复数,又因为是一客观事实,所以用are。答案为does,are。
7. less impressive, least impressive, best impressive, ones, the one, one This painting is ______ than ______ in the other gallery.
8. many in formations, much sugar, many sugar, muck information A. He doesn't have ______ about the increase in rent for this area. B. She wanted to add ______ to the coffee.
[解析] 译文:他告诉我他以前从来没见过她。叙述以前的事对现在的影响用现_在完成时且从told一词可以知道,应该用过去完成时。答案为had never met。
二、改写句子 Rewrite the following sentences as required.
1. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: If John wants to marry Susan soon, he shouldn't quarrel with Susan over such a trivial matter.
If John wants to marry Susan soon, he shouldn't quarrel with her over such a trivial matter.
[解析] 译文:如果约翰想要马上和苏珊结婚的话,他就不应该因为这点小事与她争吵。题中主句中的Mary改写成人称代词her,构成人称照应,这也是语篇连贯的三种主要方式之一。答案为If John wants to marry Susan soon, he shouldn't quarrel with her over such a trivial matter.
2. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: He lost his old bike so he bought a new bike the next day.
He lost his old bike, so he bought a new one the next day.
[解析] 译文:因为他丢了他的旧自行车,所以,第二天他买了一辆新的。旧自行车和新自行车均属同类,所以,新自行车可用one代替,构成一种替代关系,以此达到语篇的连贯。答案为He lost his old bike, so he bought a new one the next day.
3. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: It rained heavily last night. All the flowers are gone.
It rained heavily last right. Consequently, all the flowers are gone.
[解析] 译文:昨晚雨下得很大,所有的花都被打落了。前后句间为因果关系,可用表结果的副词consequently。答案为It rained heavily last right. Consequently, all the flowers are gone.
4. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: She has little knowledge about the country. But she talked in a way that made people believe the country.
She talked in a way that made people believe the county as if she had much knowledge about the country.
[解析] 译文:她对这个国家知之甚少,但说起话来却是让人们相信这个国家。表示与现实不符时,用一般过去时虚拟过去。答案为She talked in a way that made people believe the county as if she had much knowledge about the country.
5. Rewriting the following sentence by using a disjunct: I inherited these skills from my father. Those skills have been put to the test.
I inherited these skills from my father. And they have been put to the test.
[解析] 译文:我从爸爸那里继承了这些技术。它们已被纳入试验。“它们”指的是“那些技术”,用“they”代替“those skills”;必要重复,使句子更为衔接。答案为I inherited these skills from my father. And they have been put to the test.
6. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: Philip bought an English-Chinese dictionary last week. He found it very useful.
Philip bought an English Chinese dictionary last week which he found very useful.
[解析] 译文:上周菲利普买了一本英汉词典,发现它很有用。后半句的“它”指代前面的“字典”,若用定语从句,可以用which引导。答案为Philip bought an English Chinese dictionary last week which he found very useful.
7. Rewriting the following sentence by using a disjunct: I learned to pack light early in life. I had to pack light early in life.
I learned to pack light early in life, I had to do it then.
[解析] 译文:年轻时我学着轻装上阵。那时我不得不那样做。“那样做”指的即是“轻装上阵”,译为to do it避免与前面重复,此为动词性替代,而用“那时”指代“年轻时”;使句子更衔接,译为then。答案为I learned to pack light early in life, I had to do it then.
8. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: He tried many companies. They all rejected his application.
He tried many companies, however, they all rejected his application.
[解析] 译文:他试了许多公司,但所有公司都拒绝了他的申请。连词however表转折,用在此处合适。答案为He tried many companies, however, they all rejected his application.
9. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: If you mark your luggage conspicuously, other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.
If you mark your luggage conspicuously, other passengers will not mistake it with their own.
[解析] 译文:如果你在你的行李箱上贴上明显的标志,别的旅客就不会把他们的行李箱同你的弄混了。语篇连贯的三种主要方式为:照应、替代和省略。题中行李(luggage)一词一共出现了三次,第二个与第一个指代同一个物体,因此,可用it构成代词照应;而第三个luggage则可省略,这是因为own本身有代词词性,单独使用就可以指代前面出现的名词。答案为If you mark your luggage conspicuously, other passengers will not mistake it with their own.
10. Rewrite the following sentences beginning each with anticipatory "it": To see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes breaks my heart.
It breaks my heart to see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes.
[解析] 译文:看到所有的高中生单脚站在学校大楼外面,偷偷摸摸地却又叛逆地吞烟吐雾,我的心都碎了。此句中it作形式主语。答案为It breaks my heart to see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes.
11. Combining sentences by using coordination and/or subordination: If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities pre-packed. Keeping a collection of necessities pre-packed will give you time to pare the nonessentials.
If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities prepacked. That will give you time to pare the nonessentials.
[解析] 译文:如果你经常旅游,要确保将你的一套必需品提前打包,这样做会为你削减非必需品节省时间。“这样做”可用指示代词“that”代替,使句子更衔接。答案为If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities prepacked. That will give you time to pare the nonessentials.
三、改错题 Correct one error in each of the following sentences.
1. Explain the complementarity of the three principles of concord in the case of a coordinated noun phrase as subject.
(1)When coordinated noun phrases are used as subject, the grammatical principle of concord normally applies if the conjoined items refer to different things. The same is usually true of the conjoined items that go without and or with the coordinator hidden in the abbreviated expression of etc. (2)The singular verb can be used on the notional principle of concord if the conjoined items refer to different components of the same object or if they actually refer to the same thing, the same person or same concept. The singular verb is also preferred if the conjoined items are premodified by each or every, so as to enhance the distributive effect. (3)The coordinators or, either...or, neither...or, and not only...but also usually favour the proximity principle of concord, even in formal English.
2. Explain the stative and dynamic uses of prepositions with reference to spatial relations.
We use prepositions to indicate the place where someone or something is, or the place where an action occurs. This distinction may also be regarded as one between the stative use and the dynamic use of prepositions, the former related with static location and the latter with movement with respect to an intended direction.