1. In a normal distribution, 68% of the scores lie within one standard deviation of the mean. If the SAT scores of all the high school juniors in Center City followed a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100, and if 10,200 students scored between 400 and 500, approximately how many students scored above 600?
A.2,400
B.4,800
C.5.100
D.7,200
E.9,600
A B C D E
B
Unlike some classic European novels, American literature encompasses many different, even unique, styles and genres. One of the most interesting of these is the Southern Gothic subgenre. As its name implies, Southern Gothic literature is reflective of life in the American South. Southern Gothic maintains some of the characteristics of Gothic writing, such as plot development of the supernatural or the ironic. However, Southern Gothic does not focus on creating tension and suspense like other Gothic genres. Instead, Southern Gothic story lines examine Southern society and its underlying, often implicit, social structure. Southern Gothic writers generally spurn the stereotype of the gentleman on the plantation and the glamorous Southern belle. Instead, the authors develop characters that are sinister or reclusive and not particularly pleasant on the surface. However, these characters usually have redeeming qualities that allow and encourage the reader to empathize with their situations or dilemmas. It is through these immoral and unhappy personalities that the Southern Gothic writer is able to present and explore moral issues of the American South, such as slavery and bigotry, without blatant accusations.
2. The main purpose of the passage is to
A.explain how Southern Gothic writers use immoral personalities to explore moral issues in the American South
B.explore the primary stylistic differences between classical Gothic and Southern Gothic
C.argue that Southern Gothic is sufficiently unique to merit its classification as a distinct subgenre
D.deny the necessity of tension and suspense as defining features of Gothic literature
E.describe the identifying features of the Southern Gothic subgenre
A B C D E
E
The first paragraph defines Southern Gothic in comparison to the broader category, Gothic. The second paragraph lists specific qualities and interests of Southern Gothic. Combined, the two paragraphs create a passage that describes the identifying features of Southern Gothic literature. The other choices are incorrect because they miss the tone or scope of the passage.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.Southern Gothic writers use their writings to subtly condemn immoral traditions like slavery and bigotry.
B.Southern Gothic maintains certain elements of the classical Gothic tradition while breaking with other elements.
C.The main characters of Southern Gothic literature frequently alienate readers with their unpleasant, even sinister, personalities.
A B C
AB
Choice A is supported by the last sentence of the passage. Choice B is supported in the first paragraph. Choice C is contradicted in the second paragraph.
4. Select the sentence that weakens the author's assertion that readers are encouraged to sympathize with Southern Gothic characters.
"Instead, the authors...pleasant on the surface."
This sentence is a counterargument to the author's main argument that readers are ultimately expected to empathize with the characters. It slightly weakens the author's argument for rhetorical effect.
5. Based on the attitudes displayed in the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
A.Southern Gothic writers enjoy employing the character stereotypes of Southern plantation life.
B.American literature sometimes diverges sharply from its European antecedents.
C.Southern society is organized on clear moral guidelines of right and wrong.
A B C
B
According to the passage, American literature encompasses unique styles and genres. This implies divergence from the earlier, mostly European, genres upon which the American forms are based.
In Rembrandt's day, many of his fellow painters portrayed their characters much like the idealized gods of Greek and Roman mythology. Rembrandt differed by painting people in a more realistic and humble manner. He used himself, his family members, and even beggars as models. He viewed these individuals as being just as worthy of immortalization in art as mythological figures. He also fittingly enhanced his work by the use of chiaroscuro, a painting technique where light striking the foregrounded figures dramatically contrasts with a darkened background. Rembrandt reflected his paintings by remaining true to his singular artistic vision and casting his own light on the darkness of conformity.
6. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A.defining the technical methods Rembrandt used in painting his various works
B.providing a brief memoir of Rembrandt's motivations as a painter
C.explaining how Rembrandt differentiated himself from other painters of his time
D.cataloging the individuals Rembrandt used as models in his works
E.contrasting the works of contemporary painters to the works of Rembrandt
A B C D E
C
According to the passage, Rembrandt's works differ from those of his contemporaries in several important ways. Explaining those differences is the main point of the passage.
7. The passage supports which of the following statements about Rembrandt?
A.Most of Rembrandt's contemporaries avoided the use of humble models for their paintings.
B.Rembrandt achieved enhanced artistic effect through the use of a unique method.
C.Rembrandt saw artistic value in subject matter outside the mainstream.
A B C
ABC
All of the choices are supported by the passage. Choice C is implied; Rembrandt presumably knew what his contemporaries were painting and chose different subject matter. This suggests that he saw artistic value in these other models.
8. Two competitors battle each other in each match of a tournament with nine participants. What is the minimum number of matches that must occur for every competitor to battle every other competitor?
A.27
B.36
C.45
D.64
E.81
A B C D E
B
9. In a group of 80 students, 24 are enrolled in geometry, 40 in biology, and 20 in both. If a student were randomly selected from the 80 students, what is the probability that the student selected would not be enrolled in either course?
A.0.20
B.0.25
C.0.45
D.0.55
E.0.60
A B C D E
C
For generations, Native Americans used myths and legends to explain the mysterious world around them. One such etiological myth originated with the Cherokee. According to the tale, at one time, far in the past, animals, birds, fishes, and even insects were able to communicate with one another. When humans arrived, however, life became more difficult because the creatures' habitats began to shrink. In order to protect themselves, the creatures decided to introduce disease to humans. The plant world, however, took sympathy upon the Cherokee and so provided a remedy for each of the diseases created by the creatures. It was because of this, says the legend, that the Cherokee turned to plants for antidotes and medicines for illness.
10. Which of the following describes the organization of the passage?
A.The author defines a theory then illustrates its workings.
B.The author argues for one side then presents a counterargument.
C.The author defends an early explanation of aboriginal medical practices.
D.The author introduces a subject then gives an example of it.
E.The author compares two versions of a creation myth to determine which is the original.
A B C D E
D
In this passage, the author introduces the subject of etiological myths (these legends are also called 'just-so stories') and then gives an example of one from Cherokee mythology. This best matches choice D.
11. The author mentions etiological myth probably in order to
A.cast aspersion on Cherokee legends
B.give the academic designation for legends that explain practices or events
C.show how animals were thought by the Cherokee to be able to communicate with each other
A B C
B
The author describes a type of legend that explains some aspect of the world then labels it with its academic name. Choice A is too negative in tone to be correct. Choice C is too narrow in scope.
12. Researchers at the Shimizu Institute in Japan believe it is possible to terraform Mars by making use of the planet's own resources and by introducing genetically altered life from Earth. They hope these actions will speed up the terraforming process, not just by adapting Mars to support Earth-life, but also by adapting Earthlife to exist on Mars. These experts think they can use the Martian geology itself to jump-start the planet. The theory is that detonation of thermonuclear devices deep in the Martian mountains will trigger eruptions of hot magma that would melt the frozen atmosphere, thereby releasing the components necessary for life. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the experts' theory as explained in the last two sentences?
A.Martian mountains are well-situated and easily accessible by remote mobility devices.
B.Similar eruptions of magma on Earth have demonstrated the ability to enable life in hostile underwater environments.
C.Mars' frozen atmosphere lacks the critical components necessary for life.
D.Even if scientists could terraform Mars, the planet would eventually have all the same problems as Earth.
E.Thermonuclear devices would be very dangerous to send to Mars.
A B C D E
C
According to the passage, detonation of the thermonuclear devices would release specific components found in the atmosphere, and life on Mars would be possible. If those components were not in the atmosphere to begin with, they could not be released and life could not result.
13. If a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 10 and whose area is 20,what is the value of (a +b)2?
A.100
B.120
C.140
D.180
E.200
A B C D E
D
Thousands, perhaps even millions, of people around the world are afflicted with a neurological condition called synesthesia. The word synesthesia comes from the Greek words syn, which means "together," and aisthesis, which means "perception or sensation." Those affected by the disorder experience an involuntary, simultaneous joining of two senses; for example, some synesthetes--people with synesthesia-- perceive words as colors. Researchers do not know the causes of synesthesia, nor do they fully understand the mechanisms of the disorder. However, some scientists believe that synesthesia results from crossed connections in the brain; synapses that are traditionally associated with one sensory system have somehow crossed over into another sensory system, which leads to a juxtaposition of two, typically unrelated senses. Synesthetic perceptions are idiosyncratic, and are as varied as the perceivers themselves. Theoretically, the number of types of synesthesia is bound only by the sensory pairings themselves, such as the color/sound pairing mentioned previously. Researchers estimate that there could be as many as 35 different broad pairings-- sound/touch, taste/hearing, and so on--each characterized by many permutations and unique features. Indeed the variations could be endless, with each synesthete perceiving a slightly different color or sensation, for example. Although the perceptions vary among individuals, according to Dr. Richard Cytowic, a leading synesthesia expert, the lifelong inter-sensory associations of the synesthetes remain stable, no matter what senses are joined in a given synesthete.
14. According to the passage, each of the following statements regarding synesthesia is true EXCEPT
A.researchers have not yet fully explained the mechanisms behind synesthesia
B.synesthetic perceptions are unique to the individual synesthete
C.the term 'synesthesia' derives from a combination of Greek root words
D.the various permutations of synesthesia suggest that individuals experience shifting inter-sensory associations
E.researchers have so far failed to catalog all of the various sensory pairings experienced by synesthetes
A B C D E
D
There is nothing in the passage to suggest that a single individual would experience shifting sensory pairings (i.e. sound/ touch to taste/hearing), just that several individuals could have unique pairings. All the other choices are supported by the passage.
15. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.describe a medical condition that might be difficult to recognize even though it is clearly defined
B.propose a radical new treatment for a medical condition that was once thought untreatable
C.question the accuracy of the current definition of a well-known medical condition
D.reject one explanation of a complex phenomenon in favor of another
E.admit several weaknesses in the current theoretical approach to a complex medical condition
A B C D E
A
The passage is a factual description of a medical condition. Because perception is by definition idiosyncratic, synesthesia could be very difficult to diagnose, but relatively easy to describe.
16. Select the sentence that best describes the scope of the sensory disorder.
"Researchers estimate...permutations and unique features."
This sentence gives an idea of how synesthesia might manifest itself (sound/ touch, etc.) as well as the number of such pairings (35). It also suggests that these pairings may separate into subgroupings. Together, these give the reader an idea of the scope of the disorder.
17. In the figure above, M, N and P are midpoints of the sides of an equilateral triangle whose perimeter is 18. What is the perimeter of the shaded region? A. 2 B. 3 C. D. 6 E. 9
A B C D E
E
18. An investor wants to sell some of the stock that he owns in Micro Tron and Dynaco Corporations. He can sell Micro Tron stock for $ 36 per share, and he can sell Dynaco stock for $ 52 per share. If he sells 300 shares altogether at an average price per share of $40, how many shares of Dynaco stock has he sold?
A.52
B.75
C.92
D.136
E.184
A B C D E
B
19. All three circles shown have radius 1 and are tangent to each other. Find the perimeter of the shaded region. A. 3 B. π C. D. 2π E. 3π
A B C D E
B
20. Two competitors battle each other in each match of a tournament with nine participants. What is the minimum number of matches that must occur for every competitor to battle every other competitor?
A.27
B.36
C.45
D.64
E.81
A B C D E
B
21. How many students are either juniors or males or both?
A.678
B.766
C.948
D.1,130
E.1,312
A B C D E
C
22. In the world of art, distinguishing the authentic piece from the forgery is not an easy feat and often requires the use of multiple experts. Millions of dollars can be at stake, yet even experts can be fooled. However, a recent discovery has introduced a new resource for galleries and other groups seeking to establish the origins of their paintings: mathematicians. Math experts were able to analyze digital images of authenticated paintings where they found consistent differences in paint texture. This consistency suggests that each artist has a unique style of brush stroke that cannot be completely duplicated. In the first two sentences of the passage, the author suggests which of the following?
A.It is nearly impossible to determine whether a painting is authentic or fake without the use of math.
B.Even if multiple experts from various fields analyze a painting, it is not always possible to determine its authenticity.
C.New discoveries in art always lead to a greater degree of truth.
D.Art can be difficult to analyze, but mathematical models can help to find the truth.
E.Mathematicians have a great degree of expertise in analyzing art.
A B C D E
B
The first two sentences tell the reader that even multiple experts can be fooled into believing that a forged painting is authentic. This thought best matches choice B.
23. In many Western European nations, the law is seen as rigid and not open to interpretation. This rigidity grants a consistency to questions of law that many would argue is absent in other, more flexible systems. The European construction of law provides litigants with a clear picture of how a case will be decided. All parties involved are certain how judges will rule on issues. It is simple--judges will strictly follow the law. This simple fact, that the law will not change from one situation to another, allows for court systems in Western Europe to process cases efficiently and cuts down on the amount of frivolous lawsuits. It is useless for an individual to attempt a case if he knows in advance that the law is not in his favor. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
A.arguing for a universal application of Western European legal practices
B.decrying the rigidity and constancy of Western European legal practices
C.describing the potential benefits of Western European legal systems
D.defining the pros and cons of various legal systems
E.denouncing European law for its anti-consumer bias
A B C D E
C
The adjectives "efficiently" and "frivolous" indicate that the author approves of Western European legal systems. This supports choice C. The verbs in choices A, B, and E all connote the wrong tone.
24. The advertised rate for roaming charges is 0. 002 cents per second. What is that in dollars per hour?
A.7.2
B.2
C.0.72
D.0.2
E.0.072
A B C D E
E
25. The company at which Mark is employed has 80 employees, each of whom has a different salary. Mark's salary of $43,700 is the second-highest salary in the first quartile of the 80 salaries. If the company were to hire 8 new employees at salaries that are less than the lowest of the 80 salaries, what would Mark's salary be with respect to the quartiles of the 88 salaries at the company, assuming no other changes in the salaries?
A.The fourth-highest salary in the first quartile
B.The highest salary in the first quartile
C.The second-lowest salary in the second quartile
D.The third-lowest salary in the second quartile
E.The fifth-lowest salary in the second quartile
A B C D E
E
26. If x+y=16, and if x2-y2=48, then x -y=
A.3
B.4
C.6
D.32
E.36
A B C D E
A
27. How many students are either juniors or males or both?
A.678
B.766
C.948
D.1,130
E.1,312
A B C D E
C
28. George earned 80, 85 and 90 on the first three tests in his geography class. Because he didn't have time to study, he decides to guess randomly on the final test. That test has ten true-false questions, each worth 10 points. What is the probability his final average is more than 85?
A B C D E
D
29. In 2000 Paul was twice as old as his brother Biko. In 2008 Pau I was only four years older than his brother. In what year was Biko born?
A.1990
B.1992
C.1996
D.1998
E.2000
A B C D E
C
30. John bought a $100 DVD player on sale at 8% off. How much did he pay including 8% sales tax? A. $84.64B. $92.00 C. $96.48 D. $99.36 E. $100.00
A B C D E
D
31. For which country was the ratio of its savings rate to its real GNP growth rate greatest?
A.Japan
B.Canada
C.Australia
D.Italy
E.Switzerland
A B C D E
E
32. For how many of the countries shown was the savings rate more than 5 times the real GNP growth rate?
A.Five
B.Four
C.Three
D.Two
E.One
A B C D E
D
33. Which of the following statement can be inferred from the graph? Ⅰ On the average, people in the United States saved about the same amount as people in the United Kingdom. Ⅱ The median of the savings rates for the eight countries was greater than 11 percent. Ⅲ Only two of the countries had a higher savings rate than Italy.
A.Ⅰ only
B.Ⅱ only
C.Ⅲ only
D.Ⅰ and Ⅱ
E.Ⅱ and Ⅲ
A B C D E
B
SECTION 2
1. Making snow angels usually falls under the category of children's winter recreation, but in early 2007, the process took on a whole new meaning. Almost 9,000 people gathered on the state Capitol grounds in Bismarck, North Dakota, to set a new world's record for the most people making snow angels at one time. They were determined to break Michigan's record of 3,784. Participants ranged from families with children to snowplow drivers. One woman was there to mark her 99th birthday! Kids of all ages flapped their arms in the snow and a young baby even made a snow angel by having her car seat spun in circles. In the context in which it appears, "mark" most nearly means
A.memorialize
B.remember
C.identify
D.define
E.celebrate
A B C D E
E
It is implied that the 99th birthday was happening in the present, not something in the past to be remembered. It can also be assumed to be a positive occasion, not a neutral one. For these reasons, "celebrate" is the best choice.
Sometimes an object in nature is so rare that it escapes mention in nature books. Such is the case with the delightful Kirtland's warbler. The Kirtland's warbler is a plump, yellow-breasted bird that can be found nesting almost exclusively in the upper half of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Although this bird does migrate to the Bahamas during the winter months, Michigan is its natural habitat. Unfortunately, reduced numbers have caused the Kirtland's warbler to be designated an endangered species. The remaining Kirtland's warblers now enjoy living among the jack pine trees located in protected Michigan forests. The male warblers generally return north before the female birds. Often, they return as early as May. When they arrive, the male warblers stake out their territories and choose a nesting area. At the completion of their own long journey from the Bahamas, the female warblers begin to collect leaves and grass to build their nests. Oddly, the Kirtland's warbler nests on the ground and not in the nearby jack pine trees themselves. During the nesting process, the male warbler provides food for his mate while the female Kirtland's warbler lays four to five speckled eggs. The eggs hatch in two to three weeks and both the male and female warblers tend to their chicks.
2. The passage implies that the author is
A.disinterested in the fate of Kirtland's warbler
B.a proponent of Kirtland's warbler
C.a native of Michigan who travels to the Bahamas
D.reluctant to discuss the migratory patterns of Kirtland's warbler
E.annoyed that Kirtland's warbler is not mentioned in nature books
A B C D E
B
The passage is a generally scientific description of the Kirkland's warbler. The tone is mostly neutral, with a slightly positive bent. This tone and main subject matter support answer choice B. Note that while the bird is a native of Michigan, nothing in the passage indicates that the author must also be one.
3. In the first two sentences of the passage, the author is mostly likely suggesting that
A.Kirkland's warblers do not merit mention in nature books
B.birds that migrate are considered native to the place where they build their nests
C.many bird species are so rare that they escape mention in nature books
D.most bird species in Michigan are well documented in scientific literature
E.Kirkland's warblers are little known because of their limited numbers
A B C D E
E
Choice E restates the main idea of the first two sentences. The difference between A and E is primarily that of tone. The author is slightly positive about the birds (e.g., "the delightful Kirkland's warbler), which would eliminate choice A. Choice C is too general, while choice B refers to information later in the passage.
4. Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A.Male and female warblers generally eat small insects.
B.Most native species of birds only lay three to four eggs.
C.Other Michigan-native birds species also nest on the ground.
D.Five weeks after the eggs hatch, the fledglings are able to survive on their own.
E.While the birds nest on the ground, the jack pine trees offer unique protection.
A B C D E
D
The passage concludes with a timeline of the warblers' nesting behaviors. Choice D continues that timeline to the point where the hatchlings are ready to leave the nest. Therefore, it is the best choice to end the passage.
5. If a is increased by 25% and b is decreased by 25%, the resulting numbers will be equal. What is the ratio of a to b?
A B C D E
A
a+25%(a)= 1.25a, andb-25%(b)=0.75b. So, 1.25a = .75b, and **If after increasing a and decreasing b the results are equal, a must be smaller than b. So, the ratio of a to b must be less than 1. Eliminate Choices C, D, and E. Now, either test Choices A and B or just guess. To test Choice B, pick two numbers in the ratio of 3 to 4 30 and 40, for example. Then, 30 increased by 25% is 37.5, and 40 decreased by 25% is 30. The results are not equal, so eliminate Choice B. The answer is . (50 decreased by 25% is 37.5.)
6. For any numbers a, b, and c, For which of the following equations is it true that there is exactly one positive integer that satisfies it'?
A.none
B.Ⅰ only
C.Ⅲ only
D.Ⅰ and Ⅲ only
E.Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
A B C D E
C
Check each choice to see which equation has exactly one positive integer solution. Ⅰ. For every number a: (0)(a)(-a) = 0 and 0 + a + (-a) = 0, so for every positive integer a, Ⅱ. We're looking for positive solutions, so assume a ≠ 0, and divide by a: But is not an integer. (Ⅱ is false.) Ⅲ. a2 = 1. This equation has one positive integer solution, a = 1. (Ⅲ is true.) Statement Ⅲ only is true.
7. Thousands of years ago, royalty of diverse cultures were often buried in extremely lavish tombs that they themselves commissioned in preparation for their inevitable deaths. About 2,200 years ago, a Chinese emperor named Qin Shihuang had such a tomb prepared. At the age of thirteen, Qin Shihuang had succeeded his father as emperor. The boy was very aggressive and ambitious. He assumed full power at the age of 22 by ridding himself of his rival, a man who had controlled the throne while Qin Shihuang was a minor. Qin Shihuang's goal was to unify and subjugate all of the Chinese states using his powerful political, economic, and military strength. Despite an ongoing quest for immortality, Qin Shihuang died while traveling at the age of 49. Although he has been dead for centuries, historians can continue to learn of his life by studying the artifacts found in the extravagant tomb in which he was laid to rest. According to the passage, Qin Shihuang can best be described as
A.benevolent
B.modest
C.spontaneous
D.insightful
E.ruthless
A B C D E
E
The adjectives used to describe Qin Shihuang include "aggressive" and "ambitious." He is also said to have attempted to "subjugate" all of the Chinese states by force. All of these descriptions support choice E.
Questions : See the graphs on the fol.-lowing page for information to answer the questions. Adult education participation rates in the past 12 months: 1991 and 1995
8. Each of the following is a valid conclusion from the graphs and the fact that the population of the United States was greater in 1995 than in 1991 EXCEPT
A.In 1991, adults whose highest degree was at least a bachelor's degree were more than twice as likely to participate in adult educa-tion than those whose highest educational attainment was a high school diploma or GED (high school equivalency diploma..
B.On a percentage basis, from 1991 to 1995, the greatest increase in the adult education par-ticipation rate was among those adults whose highest educational attainment was grades 9-12, without earning a high school diploma.
C.In 1995, more people participated in adult edu-cation programs than in 1991.
D.From 1991 to !995 the rate of participation in adult education among the groups represented in the graphs increased the least for those who had attained at least a bachelor's degree.
E.In 1995, more adults with at least a bachelor's degree participated in adult education than did adults who attended some college but did not earn a college degree.
A B C D E
E
Each of the given statements is true except Choice E. (A) In 199l, more than 50% of the adults whose highest degree was at least a bachelor's degree participated in adult education, whereas among those whose highest educational attain-ment was a high school diploma or GED (high school equivalency diploma) fewer than 25% participated. (B) From I991 to 1995, among those adults whose highest educational attainment was grades 9-12, without earning a high school diploma, the rate of participation in adult edu-cation increased from about 15% to 23%, an increase of about 50%. None of the other groups had nearly that great an increase. (C) Since the population of the country grew between 1991 and 1995, and the rate of par-ticipation in adult education programs increased in every category, the total number of people participating had to increase. (D) From 1991 to 1995 the rate of participa-tion in adult education for those who had attained at least a bachelor's degree increased from about 52% to 58%, the least increase of any group on both an absolute and percent basis. (E) Without knowing how many adults have earned a college degree and how many have attended'some college without earning a col-lege degree, it is impossible to make this ,con-clusion. For example, 50% of 100,000,000 is much more than 58% of 50,000,000.
9. If in the United States in 1995, there were 50 mil-lion employed adults and 20 million adults not in the the labor force, then approximately what was the ratio of the number of employed adults participating in adult education to the number of people not in the labor force participating in adult education? A. 5:4B. 5:2C. 10:3 D. 5:1 E. 6:l
A B C D E
E
50% of 50,000,000 = 25,000,000; 20% of 20,000,000 = 4,000,000. 25,000,000:4,000,000 = 25:4 = 6.25:1.
10. Bob and Jack share an apartment. If each month Bob pays a dollars and Jack pays b dollars, what percent of the total cost does Bob pay?
A B C D E
E
The total rent is a + b, so Bob's fractional share is . To convert to a percent, simply multiply by 100%: **Use TACTIC 2, Chapter 11. Pick two easy-to-use numbers. If Bob pays $1 and Jack pays $2, then Bob pays of the rent. Only is equal to when a = and b = 2.
11. "Joy is the holy fire that keeps our purpose warm and our intelligence aglow. Work without joy shall be as nothing. Resolve to keep happy, and your joy and you shall form an invincible host against difficulties." This quote becomes yet more inspirational upon learning it comes from Helen Keller, a remarkable woman who overcame both blindness and deafness. Her decision to be joyful despite adversity no doubt contributed to her many impressive accomplishments. She succeeded in learning to communicate, and reached out to others with her meaningful speeches and writings. Which of the following statements is most analogous to the quotation presented in the passage?
A.Fire is an essential tool when respected and attended, but a massive destructive force if allowed to spread out of control.
B.A child's mind is absorptive like the driest sponge, so great care must be taken to keep poisonous notions from infiltrating it.
C.Sorrowful resignation remains the genius' malady, for truth and knowledge weigh heavy on the heart.
D.Find your true purpose in life and your days will be filled with peace and harmony, your troubles will be few.
E.Enthusiasm raises the sunken spirit and fosters creativity in even the most hardened heart.
A B C D E
E
Joy is the theme of Helen Keller's exhortation. Happiness will inspire you and urge you to work harder. Therefore, choice E, which states that enthusiasm can accomplish the same things, is the most analogous statement.
Questions are based on the following passage. The Quechua world is submerged, so to speak, in a cosmic magma that weighs heav- ily upon it. It possesses the rare quality of Line being as it were interjected into the midst of (5) antagonistic forces, which in turn implies a whole body of social and aesthetic structures whose innermost meaning must be the administration of energy. This gives rise to the social organism known as the ayllu, the (10) agrarian community that regulates the pro- curement of food. The ayllu formed the basic structure of the whole Inca empire. The central idea of this organization was a kind of closed economy, just the opposite of (15) our economic practices, which can be described as open. The closed economy rested on the fact that the Inca controlled both the production and consumption of food. When one adds to this fact the reli- (20) gious ideas noted in the Quechua texts cited by the chronicler Santa Cruz Pachacuti, one comes to the conclusion that in the Andean zone the margin of life was minimal and was made possible only by the system of (25) magic the Quechua constructed through his religion. Adversities, moreover, were numerous, for the harvest might fail at any time and bring starvation to millions. Hence the (30) whole purpose of the Quechua administra- tive and ideological system was to carry on the arduous task of achieving abundance and staving off shortages. This kind of structure presupposes a state of unremitting anxiety, (35) which could not be resolved by action. The Quechua could not do so because his pri- mordial response to problems was the use of magic, that is, recourse to the unconscious for the solution of external problems. Thus (40) the struggle against the world was a struggle against the dark depths of the Quechua's own psyche, where the solution was found. By overcoming the unconscious, the outer world was also vanquished. (45) These considerations permit us to classify Quechua culture as absolutely static or, more accurately, as the expression of a mere state of being. Only in this way can we under- stand the refuge that it took in the germina- (50) tive center of the cosmic mandala as revealed by Quechua art. The Quechua empire was nothing more than a mandala, for it was divided into four zones, with Cuzco in the center. Here the Quechua ensconced himself (55) to contemplate the decline of the world as though it were caused by an alien and autonomous force.
12. The term "mandala" as used in the last paragraph most likely means
A.an agrarian community
B.a kind of superstition
C.a closed economic pattern
D.a philosophy or way of regarding the world
E.a figure composed of four divisions
A B C D E
E
The passage compares the Quechua empire to a mandala because "it was divided into four zones." Thus, amandala is most likely a "figure composed of four divisions."
13. The author implies that the Quechua world was
A.uncivilized
B.highly introspective
C.vitally energetic
D.free of major worries
E.well organized
A B C D E
B
The author refers to the Quechua as existing in "a state of unremitting anxiety, which could not be resolved by action" and which the Quechua could only deal with by looking into himself and struggling with the depths of his own psyche. This suggests that the Quechua world was highly introspective.
14. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
A.Only psychological solutions can remedy economic ills.
B.The Quechua were renowned for equanimity and unconcern.
C.The Quechua limited themselves to realizable goals.
D.Much of Quechua existence was harsh and frustrating.
E.Modern Western society should adopt some Quechua economic ideas.
A B C D E
D
Both the unremitting anxiety of Quechua life and the recurring harvest failures that brought starvation to millions illustrate the harshness and frustration of Quechua existence.
15. The very first line of the lengthy saga Anna Karenina gives the reader an immediate sense of Leo Tolstoy's main theme: "Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." From this morose observation, it is clear that Tolstoy's characters are probably not going to be bland or blithe. Throughout his novel, Tolstoy depicts the ambiguities and ambivalences felt by seemingly real people in real-life situations. The main character, Anna Karenina, has a quietly desperate air throughout the story. The reader first meets her in an attempt to talk her sister-in-law out of leaving Anna's adulterous brother. Even in this scene, where Anna most extols the joys of married life, she seems to be missing a part of herself. Despite her protestations, she only pretends to be happy and content. Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the passage?
A.Anna's brother, however, is quite content with his choices, and continues to act in his own interests.
B.Tolstoy continues to weave Anna's story of sadness and self-deception until its tragic conclusion.
C.Anna's sister-in-law decides that she must leave her husband for her own wellbeing.
D.Tolstoy's other novels follow the same motif.
E.Tolstoy's insistence on depressive characterization renders his novels almost unreadable.
A B C D E
B
The passage introduces Tolstoy's main theme of personal uncertainty and unhappiness. Choice B describes how this theme continues to play out in the life of Tolstoy's main character. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.
16. Human fascination with space began hundreds of years ago. That interest has not waned, and today, the Hubble Telescope orbits 375 miles above Earth, working nonstop to unlock the secrets of the universe. The Hubble uses state-of-the-art instruments to provide amazing views of the universe that cannot be matched by ground-based telescopes. The reason for this is that, from the ground, we look at stars and other objects in space through Earth's atmosphere. Our atmosphere is full of clouds, dust, and pollution, which cause everything we see to shimmer and shake. This effect creates difficulty for scientists on the ground to make steady, accurate measurements of objects moving in space. With assistance from the Hubble Telescope, astronomers can pinpoint the location of faraway stars and galaxies, and measure the speeds and distances of astronomical objects with far greater precision. Astronomers may even one day tell us exactly when the universe began. The author suggests that "steady, accurate measurements" can be difficult to attain because
A.scientists frequently introduce unnecessary complications to simple situations
B.Earth-based telescopes are insufficiently precise due to atmospheric dust and pollution
C.due to Earth's constant rotation, it is nearly impossible to pinpoint exact distances in outer space
D.most telescopes require regular repair missions when their cameras aren't functioning properly
E.astronomers are not yet able to tell us exactly when the universe began
A B C D E
B
The sentence just before the one describing "steady, accurate measurements" explains that Earth's atmosphere is full of particles that cause distortion for telescopes. The passage also makes clear that all Earth-based telescopes are affected by Earth's atmosphere.
Directions: In the following questions, choose the best answer from the five choices listed.
17. If 80% of the adult population of a village is registered to vote, and 60% of those registered actually voted in a particular election, what percent of the adults in the village did NOT vote in that election? A. 20B. 40C. 48D. 50E. 52
A B C D E
E
If there are x adults in the village, then .8x of them are registered and .6(8x) = .48x voted. Therefore, x -.48x = .52x or 52% of the adults did not vote. **You can avoid the algebra by assuming there are 100 adults. Then 80 of them are registered and 60% of 80 = 48 of them voted. So 52 did not vote, and .
18. If of a number is 7 more than of the number, what is of the number? A. 12B.15C. 18D. 20E. 24
A B C D E
D
Let the number be x, and write the equation: Multiply both sides by 12: 9x = 84 + 2x Subtract 2x from each side and divide by 7: 7x = 84 x=12 Be careful: 12 is not the answer. You were asked for of the number:
19. An operation, *, is defined as follows: for any positive numbers a and b. Which of the following is an integer? A. 11*5B. 4*9C. 4*16 D. 7*4E. 9*9
A B C D E
D
There's nothing to do except check each choice until you find one that works. In ques-tions such as this, it is often faster to start'with E and work towards A. E: , which is not an integer. D: an integer. Once you find the answer, do not waste any time trying the other choices—they won't work.
As concerns over man's impact on the global environment increase, many interesting innovations are being considered. For example, "green roofs" - plant-filled roof top gardens - are one substantial way to confront the country's ecological problems, and there seems to be very little in the way of a downside. For one thing, a green roof acts as a sponge for rainwater, absorbing the majority of water from a typical rainstorm. Only three to five inches of soil for a green roof is sufficient for this to occur, which keeps the weight of the roof to a minimum. Because the plantings on the roof absorb the rainwater, drainage and sewage systems have a decreased volume of water pumping through them, keeping these systems from becoming over-stressed. And while, the soil and plants are absorbing rainwater, they are also taking in pollutants for their own nourishment by storing carbon and then emitting necessary oxygen back into the atmosphere.
20. The second and third sentences are characterized, respectively, by
A.warning and justification
B.generalization and specification
C.invocation and definition
D.authority and reverence
E.confession and resolution
A B C D E
B
The passage begins with an assertion that green roofs are a viable solution to the country's ecological problems. It then continues with specific ways by which green roofs would help.
21. The author's main point in the passage is that
A.green roofs are expensive to install and maintain
B.green roofs are both innovative and eco-friendly
C.global warming concerns have led to many new inventions
D.plant-filled roof gardens emit oxygen into the atmosphere
E.green roofs are the definitive cure for global warming
A B C D E
B
According to the passage, green roofs are an example of an interesting innovation that will help with our ecological problems. Therefore, choice B is the best answer. The remaining choices are either too specific or too broad.
22. The author references the absorption capabilities of green roofs primarily in order to illustrate
A.a preoccupation with style over design practicality
B.the inefficiencies of installing plantings to a building's roof
C.how green roofs lead to more efficient and less-stressed home systems
D.the increased public interest in environmental friendliness in the construction industry
E.how global warming has accelerated society's interest in environmentally friendly structures
A B C D E
C
The passage focuses on specific examples of how the green roofs would work. The other answer choices are outside the scope of the passage.
23. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of Great Britain. Her accession was one of the most important steps in finally making the Chunnel a reality. Thatcher had made it part of her political platform, finally giving the project full political weight. Still, it was not until two years later, when Thatcher met with French President Francois Mitterand for one of their routine economic meetings, that she and he organized a committee to take a new and serious look at building the Chunnel. Both political leaders felt that the underwater tunnel would be advantageous to their respective countries by bringing important financial support to local businesses as well as providing jobs to counteract growing unemployment. Both Thatcher and Mitterand also knew that it would enhance their image worldwide and leave behind a legacy of their respective times in office. Which of the following sentences can be inferred from this passage about the Chunnel?
A.At one time, the idea of the Chunnel was not necessarily a viable one.
B.The Chunnel was originally Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's idea.
C.French President Francois Mitterand often agreed with Margaret Thatcher's ideas.
D.The Chunnel was an overhead bridge that would connect England and France.
E.Construction of the Chunnel was going to be challenging to the European economy.
A B C D E
A
According to the passage, the idea of the Chunnel existed before Thatcher's appointment to Prime Minister. However, it was not acted upon for years. Something must have delayed its construction. Therefore, it is implied that the idea of a Chunnel was not always considered viable.
Directions: In the following questions, choose the best answer from the five choices listed.
24. If 80% of the adult population of a village is registered to vote, and 60% of those registered actually voted in a particular election, what percent of the adults in the village did NOT vote in that election? A. 20B. 40C. 48D. 50E. 52
A B C D E
E
If there are x adults in the village, then .8x of them are registered and .6(8x) = .48x voted. Therefore, x -.48x = .52x or 52% of the adults did not vote. **You can avoid the algebra by assuming there are 100 adults. Then 80 of them are registered and 60% of 80 = 48 of them voted. So 52 did not vote, and .
25. If of a number is 7 more than of the number, what is of the number? A. 12B.15C. 18D. 20E. 24
A B C D E
D
Let the number be x, and write the equation: Multiply both sides by 12: 9x = 84 + 2x Subtract 2x from each side and divide by 7: 7x = 84 x=12 Be careful: 12 is not the answer. You were asked for of the number:
26. An operation, *, is defined as follows: for any positive numbers a and b. Which of the following is an integer? A. 11*5B. 4*9C. 4*16 D. 7*4E. 9*9
A B C D E
D
There's nothing to do except check each choice until you find one that works. In ques-tions such as this, it is often faster to start'with E and work towards A. E: , which is not an integer. D: an integer. Once you find the answer, do not waste any time trying the other choices—they won't work.
27. Two sides of a right triangle are 5 and 6. Which of the following could be the length of the third side?
A.Ⅰ only
B.Ⅲ only
C.Ⅰ and Ⅱ only
D.Ⅰ and Ⅲ only
E.Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
A B C D E
D
Either (i) 5 and 6 are the lengths of the two legs, or (ii) 5 is the length of a leg, and 6 is the hypotenuse. In either case use the Pythagorean theorem: Statements Ⅰ and Ⅱ only are true.
28. Directions: The next questions are based on the content of the following passage. Read the passage and then determine the best answer choice for each question. Base your choice on what this passage states directlyor implies, not on any information you may have gained elsewhere. For each of Questions 17-20, select one answer choice unless otherwise instructed. Questions 17-19 are based on the following passage. As the works of dozens of women writers have been rescued from what E. P. Thompson calls "the enormous condescen- Line sion of posterity," and considered in relation (5) to each other, the lost continent of the female tradition has risen like Atlantis from the sea of English literature. It is now becoming clear that, contrary to Mill's the- ory, women have had a literature of their (10) own all along. The woman novelist, accord- ing to Vineta Colby, was "really neither sin- gle nor anomalous," but she was also more than a "register and spokesman for her age." She was part of a tradition that had its ori- (15) gins before her age, and has carried on through our own. Many literary historians have begun to reinterpret and revise the study of women writers. Ellen Moers sees women's literature (20) as an international movement, "apart from, but hardly subordinate to the mainstream: an undercurrent, rapid and powerful. This 'movement' began in the late eighteenth cen- tury, was multinational, and produced some (25) of the greatest literary works of two centuries, as well as most of the lucrative pot-boilers." Patricia Meyer Spacks, in The Female Imagination, finds that "for readily discernible historical reasons women have characteristi- (30) cally concerned themselves with matters more or less peripheral to male concerns, or at least slightly skewed from them. The differences between traditional female preoccupations and roles and male ones make a difference in (35) female writing." Many other critics are begin- ning to agree that when we look at women writers collectively we can see an imaginative continuum, the recurrence of certain pat- terns, themes, problems, and images from generation to generation. In the second paragraph of the passage the author's attitude toward the literary historians cited can best be described as one of
A.irony
B.ambivalence
C.disparagement
D.receptiveness
E.awe
A B C D E
D
The author opens the paragraph by stating that many literary critics have begun reinterpreting the study of women's literature. She then goes on to cite individual comments that support her assertion. Clearly, she is receptive or open to the ideas of these writers, for they and she share a common sense of the need to reinterpret their common field. Choices A and B are incorrect. The author cites the literary critics straight- forwardly, presenting their statements as evidence supporting her thesis. Choice C is incorrect. The author does not disparage or belittle these critics. By quoting them respectfully she implicitly acknowledges their competence. Choice E is incorrect. The author quotes the critics as acknowledged experts in the field. However, she does not look on these critics with awe (an overwhelming feeling of reverence, admiration, or fear).
Although it is almost always taken for granted, sleep is an essential part of most creatures' lives. For giraffes, two hours a day is enough. For bats, however, that number is closer to 20! For human adults, the need averages between seven and eight hours a night, and if they do not get it, they can suffer in their ability to concentrate and to think logically. While humans sleep, a number of things occur. First, their bodies are resting and reenergizing for the next day. Second, their brains are sorting through information and retaining some details while discarding others. Some experts believe this process helps to strengthen individuals' memories. Third, humans dream. Dreams have lent an ineffable quality to sleep. While modern scientists believe that dreams are the brain's method for sifting through life's daily events, this was not always the case. Long ago, philosophers and sages gave prophetic significance to dreams. Even the ever-practical ancient Romans thought that dreams could be messages sent directly from one of their gods.
29. Select the sentence within the passage that illustrates a possible minimum level of sleep necessary for full functionality in the animal world.
"For giraffes, two hours a day is enough."
The author describes a range of average sleep needs in the animal kingdom. Giraffes need for only two hours a day is given as an example of the lower end of the spectrum. Therefore, it is a possible minimum level of sleep necessary for functionality in the animal world.
30. The author of the passage most likely mentions the Romans' beliefs about dreaming because
A.it demonstrates that some dreams originate from deities
B.it supports the idea that some cultures give dreams different kinds of significance
C.it correlates to how the culture felt about the power of dreaming and sleepwalking
A B C
B
The author mentions the ancient Romans as an example of the types of people who gave prophetic significance to dreams. There is no indication that the author agrees with Roman beliefs.
31. Human fascination with space began hundreds of years ago. That interest has not waned, and today, the Hubble Telescope orbits 375 miles above Earth, working nonstop to unlock the secrets of the universe. The Hubble uses state-of-the-art instruments to provide amazing views of the universe that cannot be matched by ground-based telescopes. The reason for this is that, from the ground, we look at stars and other objects in space through Earth's atmosphere. Our atmosphere is full of clouds, dust, and pollution, which cause everything we see to shimmer and shake. This effect creates difficulty for scientists on the ground to make steady, accurate measurements of objects moving in space. With assistance from the Hubble Telescope, astronomers can pinpoint the location of faraway stars and galaxies, and measure the speeds and distances of astronomical objects with far greater precision. Astronomers may even one day tell us exactly when the universe began. The author suggests that "steady, accurate measurements" can be difficult to attain because
A.scientists frequently introduce unnecessary complications to simple situations
B.Earth-based telescopes are insufficiently precise due to atmospheric dust and pollution
C.due to Earth's constant rotation, it is nearly impossible to pinpoint exact distances in outer space
D.most telescopes require regular repair missions when their cameras aren't functioning properly
E.astronomers are not yet able to tell us exactly when the universe began
A B C D E
B
The sentence just before the one describing "steady, accurate measurements" explains that Earth's atmosphere is full of particles that cause distortion for telescopes. The passage also makes clear that all Earth-based telescopes are affected by Earth's atmosphere.
. (50 decreased by 25% is 37.5.)
We're looking for positive solutions, so assume a ≠ 0, and divide by a: 
But 
is not an integer. (Ⅱ is false.)
a2 = 1. This equation has one positive integer solution, a = 1. (Ⅲ is true.)
. To convert to a percent, simply multiply by 100%: 
of the rent. Only 
is equal to 
when a = and b = 2.
.
of a number is 7 more than 
of the number, what is 
of the number?
of the number:
Which of the following is an integer?
, which is not an integer.
an integer.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题