ⅠDirections: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese with one point for each.1. ADB
亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)
2. CCC
中国强制认证(China Compulsory Certification)
3. CITIC
中国国际信托投资公司(China International Trust and Investment Corporation)
4. FTAC
(中国)对外贸易仲裁委员会(Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission)
5. ICRC
国际红十字委员会(International Committee of the Red Cross)
6. IOC
国际奥林匹克委员会(International Olympic Committee)
7. UNDP
联合国开发计划署(United Nations Development Programme)
8. WFP
世界粮食计划署(World Food Programme)
9. WIPO
世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)
10. make academic fraud a crime
13. required reserve ratio
22. 农村合作医疗
rural cooperative medical service
24. 转基因食品
genetically modified food
ⅡDirections: Translate the following two source texts into their target languages respectively.1. What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space—or so we think. How can this happen?
The theory, is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From Earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
[Key words]
supernova 超新星
galaxy 银河，星系
什么是黑洞呢?这个问题很难回答，因为我们把通常用来描述一种科学现象的术语用在这里来解释是不够的。天文学家和科学家们认为黑洞是个空间区域，物体会掉进去，而没有物体能从中逃逸出来——即使是光也不能，所以我们看不到黑洞。黑洞产生很强的引力，而它却没有物质。它只是空间——或者我们认为是空间。这是怎样发生的呢?
理论是一些星球的密度增长到某一特定点时就会爆炸。它们瓦解时会产生超新星。从地球上看去，超新星就像天空中非常耀眼的灯，即使在白天也能看到其闪光。黑洞最有说服力的证据来自对双星系的研究。双星，正如它们的名字所表明的，是两颗在空间位置上互相影响的星球。天文学家表示，在一些双星系里，有一颗看不到的伴星，即我们可以在天空中看到的一颗星球的伙伴。来自我们看到的星球的物质正被吸引到伴星去。这颗产生如此巨大力量的看不见的星球会是黑洞吗?天文学家还有其他一些星球的证据，这些星球可能与黑洞相伴。
对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种推测会层出不穷。在我们银河系的中心很可能存在着一个巨大的黑洞正以极快的速度吞噬着星球。也许人类有一天也会面临被吞噬的命运。而科学家也提出，有一天高科技会利用黑洞的能量为人类服务。这些设想听起来像科幻小说，但空间中黑洞的理论被许多严谨的科学家和天文学家接受。他们向我们展示了一个以完全不同于我们理解的方式运行的世界，并对我们掌握的最基本的时空经验提出了疑问。
[解析] Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape not even light. So we can't see a black hole.
这两句话之间是非常明显的因果关系，正是因为了解到黑洞是一个空间区域，并非实体，所以我们才看不见它，因此翻译时可将两句合并起来，突出两句间的联系。
天文学家和科学家们认为黑洞是个空间区域，物体会掉进去，而没有物体能从中逃逸出来——即使是光也不能，所以我们看不到黑洞。
From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.
“which shines even in the daytime”作“light”的定语，字面的意思是“即使是白天依然闪烁”，但其主要表达的是“即使是在白天人们依然能够看到其闪光”，因此翻译时要将这层含义表达出来。
从地球上看去，超新星就像天空中非常耀眼的灯，即使在白天也能看到其闪光。
Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
英文原句中使用“which”引导定语从句，这里的“which”指的就是“a few other stars”，翻译为“这些星球”。
天文学家还有其他一些星球的证据，这些星球可能与黑洞相伴。
There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.
这句话中的“at a very rapid rate”是一个方式状语，翻译时按照习惯放在被修饰的动词前。因此，可译为“正以极快的速度吞噬着”。
在我们银河系的中心很可能存在着一个巨大的黑洞正以极快的速度吞噬着星球。
Mankind may one day meet this fate.
这里的“this fate”根据上下文可知，指的是“being swallowed”即“被吞噬”的命运。翻译时需要将其补充完整，以便于读者理解。
也许人类有一天也会面临被吞噬的命运。
These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers.
这两句话合起来表达了一个转折的含义，中文习惯将这样联系紧密、逻辑关系密切的句子放在一个句子中。因此，翻译时可译为一个句子，读起来更加连贯。
这些设想听起来像科幻小说，但空间中黑洞的理论被许多严谨的科学家和天文学家接受。
They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
这句话中的“question”是动词形式，表示“质疑”的意思，译文将其转变为了“对……提出了疑问”，和“质疑”的意思相近。考生也可以保留原文的动词形式，译为“质疑我们基本的时空经验”。
他们向我们展示了一个以完全不同于我们理解的方式运行的世界，并对我们掌握的最基本的时空经验提出了疑问。
2. 能源是支撑人类文明进步的物质基础，是现代社会发展不可或缺的基本条件。在中国实现现代化和全体人民共同富裕的进程中，能源始终是一个重大的战略问题。
20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来，中国的能源事业取得了长足发展。目前，中国已成为世界上最大的能源生产国，形成了煤炭、电力、石油、天然气以及新能源和可再生能源全面发展的能源供应体系，能源普遍服务水平大幅提升，居民生活用能条件极大改善。能源的发展，为消除贫困、改善民生、保持经济长期平稳较快发展提供了有力保障。
中国能源发展面临着诸多挑战。能源资源禀赋不高，煤炭、石油、天然气人均拥有量较低。能源消费总量近年来增长过快，保障能源供应压力增大。化石能源大规模开发利用，对生态环境造成一定程度的影响。
Energy is the material basis for the progress of human civilization and an indispensable basic condition for the development of modem society. It remains a major strategic issue for China as the country moves towards its goals of modernization and common prosperity for its people.
Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening up in the late 1970s, its energy industry has made great advances. China is now the world's largest energy producer. It has built up a comprehensive energy supply system comprising coal, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, and new and renewable energy resources. Its universal energy service and civil energy use conditions have markedly improved. Its thriving energy industry provides a guarantee for the country to reduce poverty, improve the people's livelihood and maintain long-term, steady and rapid economic development.
However, China's energy development still faces many challenges. The country's energy resource endowment is not high and its per-capita share of coal, petroleum and natural gas is low. Its energy consumption has grown too quickly in recent years, increasing the strain on energy supply. Fossil energy resources have been exploited on a large scale, causing a certain amount of damage to the eco-environment.
[解析] 在中国实现现代化和全体人民共同富裕的进程中，能源始终是一个重大的战略问题。
原句中句子的重点是“能源始终是一个重大的战略问题”，而“在中国实现现代化和全体人民共同富裕的进程中”只是一个表示状态的状语而已，因此，按照英文重要信息一般放在句子的开头的原则，翻译时可将句子的重点前置。这里，考生要注意，中文和英文的一大不同就在于中文习惯将重要的信息放到后边压轴，而英文则喜欢开门见山，直接说重点。
It remains a major strategic issue for China as the country moves towards its goals of modernization and common prosperity for its people.
目前，中国已成为世界上最大的能源生产国，形成了煤炭、电力、石油、天然气以及新能源和可再生能源全面发展的能源供应体系，能源普遍服务水平大幅提升，居民生活用能条件极大改善。
这句话的信息含量较大，翻译时首先需要根据信息进行正确的断句。可以按照句子每部分的含义将其分为三句：“目前……能源生产国”为一个重要信息；“形成了全面发展的能源供应体系”为一个信息；“能源普遍服务……用能条件极大改善”为一个完整的信息段。在面对长句的时候，考生一定要有耐心，将句子的意思弄清楚，尤其是在翻译容易出现逻辑错误的长句时，采用这样的拆分译法不仅令译文句子简单清晰，而且也避免了翻译长句常犯的错误。
China is now the world's largest energy producer. It has built up a comprehensive energy supply system comprising coal, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, and new and renewable energy resources. Its universal energy service and civil energy use conditions have markedly improved.
能源的发展，为消除贫困、改善民生、保持经济长期平稳较快发展提供了有力保障。
这句话中的“消除贫困”“改善民生”和“保持经济长期平稳较快发展”是中国官方文件和发言中经常出现的词汇，也是词汇考查经常出现的，因此需要掌握。
Its thriving energy industry provides a guarantee for the country to reduce poverty, improve the people's livelihood and maintain long-term, steady and rapid economic development.
化石能源大规模开发利用，对生态环境造成一定程度的影响。
“化石能源大规模开发利用”已经成了一种社会事实，翻译时可使用现在完成时；“对生态环境造成一定程度的影响”为结果状语，可用“causing”引导的状语从句翻译。
Fossil energy resources have been exploited on a large scale, causing a certain amount of damage to the eco-environment.
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