Part Ⅰ1. HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex workers into the general population.
However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote "four frees and one care": free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts.
Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, daunting challenges -- political, technical, and normative -- lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few.
US-based commentators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leadership's focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. China's formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in China's strategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial.
当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约84万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余78万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。
不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。
严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。
在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。
[解析]
本文是关于中国艾滋病问题的评论，内容涉及中国艾滋病的现状和对策。本文要求应试者具有一定医学方面的专门知识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。
■基本素质采分点
1．HIV/AIDS 艾滋病病毒/艾滋病
2．HIV-positive 艾滋病毒阳性
3．methadone substitution therapy 美莎酮替代疗法
■结构理解采分点
1．The remaining HIV-positive persons in China，estimated at 780,000 persons or more，are not known to public health authorities，and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status，posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV．
该句是用and连缀的并列句。在连缀信息上，分词起了重要作用，前半句使用了过去分词做定语，后半句使用现在分词做状语。翻译时，可随汉语习惯，将分词短语部分变为简短分句。因此，原句可译为“其余78万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。”
2．New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular．
原句中have emerged本为全句谓语，但在译文中为避免重复啰嗦，可略去不译，这就需要将原文中with a stronger commitment介词短语用做译文的谓语为“加大投入”，因此原句可译为“新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。”
3．In spite of many positive developments，daunting challenges—political，technical，and normative—lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS．
该句中固定表达in spite of可根据中文习惯译为“尽管……但是……”，因此，原句可译为“尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。”
4．It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning，costs，logistics， human resources，technical capacity，and the pervasive problems posed by stigma．
根据中文可将较长的补充修饰成分前置的特点，将原句中in terms of短语内容置于译文句首；因此，原句可译为“就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。”
5．For engaged US policymakers，as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations，priority should lie in near-to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leadership's focus on HIV/AIDS and public health.
原文中主语是抽象名词priority，根据汉语表达直观、具体的特点，可将原文句首的for…介词短语用做全句主语。因此，原句可译为“关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应把制定近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。”
■言语表达采分点
1．infected with HIV 感染艾滋病病毒
2．pose significant risks for 对……构成重大危险
3．resource commitment 资源投入
4．proactive 更为积极的
5．four frees and one care 四免一关怀
6．needle exchange 针具以旧换新
7．daunting challenge 严峻的挑战
8．surveillance system 监测系统
9．address HIV/AIDS 解决艾滋病问题
10．near-to medium-term 近期和中期
2. It stands to reason that for an organization to act intelligently, first and foremost, it must have a clear and unambiguous sense of purpose.
The leaders of the enterprise have to provide direction or a sense of destiny before they can harness the collective talents and skills of everyone to move forward. And unless that reason for existing resonates with the rank-and-file, not much forward momentum will be created.
An organization's sense of purpose has three distinct elements:
First, a sound strategic concept which details why the organization has been formed and what it is hoped it will achieve. This may be articulated in a succinct and applicable mission statement.
For example, Disney's strategic concept is "to deliver a rich customer experience which is full of fun and fantasy delivered in a theatrical environment".
To retain its relevance, the strategic concept should be systematically evaluated each year and updated to reflect new trends, threats or opportunities.
Second, a workable value proposition by which the organization will convert the value it adds for customers into revenue. The value proposition is the organization's promise to the marketplace.
Third, a good business model which will provide the infrastructure by which the value proposition will be executed week-in and week-out.
In an organization where these three elements are under constant evaluation and discussion, the leaders are able to respond to the evolving business environment appropriately.
In practice, strategic vision is the capacity of an organization's leaders to create, evolve and express the purpose of the business enterprise. If the leaders are incapable of evolving that business concept over time, the organization will drift from one idea to the next.
Conversely, strong leaders will have a vibrant and robust strategic concept in place, value proposition and business model. They will bring to the task what can be termed "bifocal vision", that is, strong leaders will have the capacity to respond to the challenges of the present without losing sight of where the organization needs to be heading in the future.
显然，一个企业若要精明地运作，首先必须有一个明确而清晰的目标。
企业领导人要指出企业的方向或命运所在，才能调动并利用好众人的智慧和才能，不断前进。企业为生存而遵循的理念除非与普通员工产生共鸣，否则很难创造强劲的上升势头。
一个企业的目标，包含下列三大要素：
第一，健全的战略理念，用于详述企业成立的宗旨和期望达到的目标。可以是一句简练、适用性强的使命宣言。
例如，迪斯尼的战略理是“为顾客提供在戏剧性的环境中才能体验得到的、充满乐趣和幻想的丰富经历”。
为了切合实际，每年都应该对战略性理念进行系统的评估和更新，以使其反映新的趋势，新的挑战或新的机会。
第二，切实可行的价值主张，通过价值主张，企业把为顾客创造的价值转变成收益。价值主张是一个企业对市场所做的承诺。
第三，良好的商业模式，为价值主张的实现，提供日常可实施的框架。
一个企业如果经常对上述三大要素进行评估和讨论，其领导就能及时应对不断发生变化的企业环境。
在实践中，战略眼光指的是一个企业领导人创造、发展与表述企业理念的能力。如果领导人不能随着时间的推移而发展其商业理念，其企业就会随波逐流，无所适从。
相反，强有力的领导人会确立有活力的、健全的战略理念、价值主张和商业模式。他们的“双重”视野使其既能看到近期，又能考虑到未来。换言之，强有力的领导人有能力在应对当前挑战的同时，不失去对企业未来走向的判断。
[解析]
本文是一段有关企业管理的讲话。文中主要介绍了企业目标的重要性以及目标的三大要素：战略理念、价值主张、商业模式，并对这三大要素做出具体解释。同时还指出了企业领导人的战略眼光和魄力的重要性。
本文要求应试者掌握一定的经济管理常识，要对经济管理的相关专门词汇和表达方式有一定的了解，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。
■基本素质采分点
以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。
1．rank-and-file 普通员工
2．strategic concept 战略理念
3．value proposition 价值主张
4．business model 商业模式
5．strategic vision 战略眼光
■结构理解采分点
下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在转换的过程中，应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。
1．And unless that reason for existing resonates with the rank-and-file, not much forward momentum will be created.
原句包含一个由“unless”引导的条件从句，加上后面主句中的否定意义，使得整个句子成为双重否定，其目的在于强调。原文主句使用被动语态，翻译时调整为主动语态更符合汉语的行文特点。
2．A sound strategic concept which details why the organization has been formed and what it is hoped it will achieve.
原句中的“which”引导的是非限定关系从句修饰“concept”，从句中又包含两个以疑问词引导的宾语从句，一个由“why”引导，一个由“what”引导。翻译时，联系上下文，发现非限定关系从句可以承接上文的主语，翻译为无主句即可；后面的“why”和“what”可以翻译成以“宗旨”和“目标”为核心的两个名词词组。
3．To deliver a rich customer experience which is full of fun and fantasy delivered in a theatrical environment.
原句包含一个由“which”引导的关系从句，修饰“experience”，后面又有一个“delivered”引导的过去分词结构，修饰“fun and fantasy”。翻译时，将名词的修饰成分变成短语，按照内在顺序放在所修饰成分之前。
4．In an organization where these three elements are under constant evaluation and discussion, the leaders are able to respond to the evolving business environment appropriately.
原句主句是逗号后面的部分，而其前面是一个介词短语作状语，其中的介词宾语带有一个关系从句，表达一种条件关系，翻译时将这种关系明确出来，将其放在先行词后即可。
5．They will bring to the task what can be termed "bifocal vision", that is, strong leaders will have the capacity to respond to the challenges of the present without losing sight of where the organization needs to be heading in the future.
原句破折号前面的部分是句子的主干，后面的部分从“that is”来看，是对前面整句话的进一步解释。句子主干中包含一个由“what”引导的“bring”的宾语从句，可以翻译成一个汉语词组；后面的从句中包含一个复杂的由介词短语组成的状语，由于状语比较复杂，翻译时可以用逗号将其与主干隔开。
■言语表达采分点
应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思，还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。
1．first and foremost 首先
2．a sense of 重视
3．sound 健全的
4．mission statement 使命宣言
5．convert... into 把……转换成
6．infrastructure 框架
7．under constant evaluation and discussion 经常对……进行评估和讨论
8．drift from one idea to the next 随波逐流，无所适从
9．"bifocal vision" “双重”视野
10．lose sight of 失去对……的判断
Part Ⅱ1. 下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。
中国人历来重视教育，实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。
近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。现在每个在校生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道。
在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有6.5万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2.5亿英镑的学费收入。
在建国以来的55年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称，1949年中国的文盲率高达80%，而到了2002年中国的文盲率已降至15%以下。
尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在129个国家里仅名列第100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。
为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到2010年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值4%的水平。而在10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的2.6%。
[参考译文]
The Chinese have always placed considerable value on education, even more so since the introduction of the one—child policy．The average Chinese household spends 15 percent of its income on education, and a study by the China Social Survey Institute found 43 percent of families have set up special bank accounts to cover the cost of their children's education．
Private education has been embraced in China in recent years，and schools and parents are encouraged to raise funds to cover costs．About a third of the cost educating a schoolchild today comes from non—government sources．
Competition for university places in China is intense and increasing numbers travel over．seas for their tertiary education, especially in Britain．More Chinese students are now educated in Britain than any other country in the West．There are now more than 65,000 Chinese students in the UK, according to the Chinese Embassy in London．Chinese students contribute 250 million pounds in fees each year to Britain's universities．
The country has made great strides in the 55 years since the founding of the People's Republic．According to the United Nations, illiteracy levels have fallen from 80 percent in 1949 to under 15 percent in 2002．
Even so, it recognizes that more resources are necessary to improve on its UN ranking of 100 out of 129 nations in terms offer—capita education spending．
To improve its performance further, the Chinese government plans to spend 4 percent of its GDP on education by 2010, up from 2.6 percent at the start of the decade．
[解析]
本文主要讨论中国目前的教育状况，具体情况涉及家庭教育费用的支出、学校形式的多样化、就学途径的多样化和中国政府在教育方面的投资和努力等方面。
本题要求应试者在较短时间内将文章各部分中译英。这需要应试者迅速对涉及该议题的术语、专有名词和复杂的数字单位作出反应，即考查应试者的基本素质情况。该文也要求应试者在听到某一中文句子时，迅速考虑使用何种符合英文习惯的句型结构或如何将若干中文句合并为一个英文句。在解决句子主要结构的基础上，该文还要求考查应试者对具体单词或短语的理解和翻译，如何使之通顺流畅。
■基本素质采分点
1．“独生子女”政策 the one-child policy
2．中国社会调查所 China Social Survey Institute
3．中国驻英使馆 Chinese Embassy in London
4．2.5亿英镑 250 million pounds
5．联合国 the United Nations(UN)
6．国内生产总值 GDP
■结构理解采分点
1．中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。原句中连缀前后两句的“而”，实际并不表示意思的转折，因此，译文要选用相应连词and。句子其它部分结构因与英文表达相近，可按原有顺序翻译。因此，原句可译为“The average Chinese household spends 15 percent of its income on education and a study by the China Social Survey Institute found 43 percent of families have set up special bank accounts to cover the cost of their children's education．”
2．近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募集办学资金。
中译英时，有时可考虑将内容相关的若干句子合并，以使结构紧凑。该句前后内容都涉及私立学校，因此，可把这两部分用连词and连缀，原句可译为“Private education has been embraced in China in recent years, and schools and parents are encouraged to raise funds to cover costs．”
3．这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达2.5亿英镑的学费收入。
该句要求将“为……带来……”采用恰当的符合上下文的翻译，即便是口译，也要求译者在正确传递信息的基础上，使译文地道、精彩；此外，要求应试者迅速对文中大额数字作出反应。因此，原句可译为“Chinese students contribute 250 million pounds in fees each year to Britain's universities．”
4．尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在129个国家里仅名列第100名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入更多的资源。翻译时，要注意是否可以将若干句合并的同时，还应重新估量原句的主次顺序，按英文习惯将主要内容放在句首。该句后面一句其实是主要议题，所以，应放在句首。因此，原句可译为“Even so, it recognizes that more resources are necessary to improve on its UN ranking of 100 out of 129 nations in terms of per-capita education spending．”
5．为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到2010年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值4%的水平。而在10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的2.6%。该句根据内在逻辑结构可合并为一句，将其中一句变为短语形式，分情况可变为介词短语、名词短语非谓语动词等形式。该句根据上下文关系，是表数值上升的变量，因此可使用up from介词短语形式；此外还要注意变量的表达法，如“上升/下降了(by)，上升/下降到(to)”等是非常不一样的。因此，原句可译为“To improve its performance further, the Chinese government plans to spend 4 percent of its GDP on education by 2010, up from 2.6 percent at the start of the decade．”
■言语表达采分点
1．重视教育 place considerable value on education
2．中国家庭 Chinese household
3．专门账户 special bank account
4．教育费用 the cost of education
5．在……流行 be embraced in...
6．深造 tertiary education
7．取得巨大的进步 make great strides
8．文盲率 illiteracy level
9．排名 ranking
10．人均教育经费 per-capita education spending
2. 下面你将听到一段有关中美贸易关系的讲话。
在冷战结束后的新形势下，两国要不要及如何发展双边关系，是中美两国面临的重大课题。“永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。
其次，中美关系的内涵得到了丰富。经贸关系是两国总体关系的组成部分，中美互为重要贸易伙伴，美国还是中国的主要外资来源国，没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化，就会缺乏前进的动力，失去公众的参与热情。良好的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。
第三，增进了两国的互信和合作气氛。美国几乎给予世界上所有国家正常贸易关系的待遇，惟独将中国这样一个大国排除在外。这本身就是一种歧视，一种不信任。不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。没有人民的支持和参与，国家关系就难以发展。同时，建立正常贸易关系后，随着商品和人员往来的增加，投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。
第四，向中国在亚太地区的邻国发出积极的信号。中国是亚太大国，美国也自称是亚太国家，在地区有重要的影响力。中美友好，则亚太国家获益；中美敌对，则亚太国家遭殃。中美建立正常贸易关系，就是向亚太国家表明，两个大国愿意友好相处，有通过谈判解决分歧的意愿和能力。这对维护地区稳定，促进经济繁荣将产生长远影响。
[参考译文]
Under the new situation after the end of Cold War, both China and the United States faced an important question: Should they continue to pursue healthy relations with each other, and how? The passage of the Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) shows that inside the United States, forces that advocate stronger ties with China have gained the upper hand and the mainstream in the U.S. government, Congress and business communities, as well as the general public, support a constructive approach to China.
Secondly, China-U.S. relations have become more multidimensional. Economy and trade constitute a component of the entire relationship. China and the U.S. are important trading partners, and the U.S. was China's major source of investment. Without stable and sound commercial cooperation, China-U.S. political relations would become rather hollow for lack of driving force and would lose public interest to participate. So a good commercial cooperation could complement political relations and, in particular, it could make the impact less unbearable should political relations run into troubles.
Thirdly, PNTR has enhanced the mutual trust and cooperation between the two countries. The U.S. gives PNTR treatment to practically every country in the world, but has kept China off that list for many years. This in itself is discrimination and a sign of distrust. If not corrected, the Chinese people would find it hard to understand the necessity of closer China-U.S．relations and would question U.S．sincerity for cooperation．Without the support and participation of the people, state-to-state relations could not get anywhere．With greater flow of goods and people and with the introduction of investment and managerial know-how once PNTR is put in place，there will undoubtedly be greater understandings and fewer misunderstandings between the two countries．
Fourthly, sending out a positive signal to China's neighbors in the Asian-Pacific region．China is an Asian-Pacific country．And the U.S．claims to be one with a great deal of influence in the region．If China and the U.S．stayfriendly, other countries in the region will benefit．If not, they will suffer．With PNTR，the two countries show to their neighbors in the region that they are willing to live together in friendship and had the will and capacity to resolve differences through negotiations．This will have a far-reaching impact on the stability and prosperity of the entire region．
[解析]
本文是关于中美贸易关系的讲话，主要讨论了中美双边贸易正常化的意义和有待解决的问题。本文要求应试者掌握国际政治和经贸方面的基本常识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合英语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。
■基本素质采分点
1．冷战 Cold War
2．永久正常贸易关系 the Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR)
3．国会 Congress
4．亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region
■结构理解采分点
1．“永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。
该句句式与英文相仿，所以可按自然顺序翻译，但要注意“支持发展中美关系的力量”的译法，该短语中定语过长，可考虑用从句形式翻译。而“占了上风”可考虑使用固定短语表达，在中译英时，一定要注意尽量使用固定的句型或短语，这样不仅节省时间，还使译文显得地道。因此，原句可译为“The passage of the Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) shows that inside the United States, forces that advocate stronger ties with China have gained the upper hand and the mainstream in the U.S．government, Congress and business communities, as well as the general public, support a constructive approach to China．”
2．没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化，就会缺乏前进的动力。
该句翻译要注意对原文“就会”的理解，这里只表示一种虚拟，不要按字面意思用will，以避免态度的生硬。因此，原句可译为“Without stable and sound commercial cooperation, China-U.S．political relations would become rather hollow for lack of driving force．”
3．良好的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。
该句翻译要求应试者特别处理好句子后半部分。原句中的“在政治关系出现波动时”要表明一种委婉的态度，因此需采用虚拟语气；“发挥减震作用”采用反语表达，也可使语气更为婉转。因此，原句可译为“So a good commercial cooperation could complement political relations and, in particular, it could make the impact less unbearable should political relations run into troubles.”
4．不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。
该句翻译时，也应依上述，使用虚拟语气；而且在处理“不解决这个问题”时，译文可根据上下文省略主语，因此，原句可译为“If not corrected, the Chinese people would find it hard to understand the necessity of closer China-U.S．relations and would question U.S．sincerity for cooperation．”
5．建立正常贸易关系后，随着商品和人员往来的增加，投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。
因为是口译，译文的翻译结构最大可能向原文靠拢，按照原文特点，句子主要部分应是“两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少”，根据尽量用英文句型的原则，可考虑翻译采用there be...表达，而原文其他部分也与汉语原句一样，译为相应的状语表达结构。因此，原句可译为“With greater flow of goods and people and with the introduction of investment and managerial know-how once PNTR is put inplace, there will undoubtedly be greater understandings and fewer misunderstandings between the two countries．”
■言语表达采分点
1．占上风 gain the upper hand
2．工商界 business community
3．以建设性的态度 support a constructive approach
4．贸易伙伴 trading partner
5．前进的动力 driving force
6．发挥减震作用 make...less unbearable
7．互信和合作 mutual trust and cooperation
8．给予……待遇 give...treatment
9．深远的影响 far-reaching impact
10．解决分歧 resolve differences
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题