capacity这个词有时和ability同义，表示“能力”，如the capacity to learn“学习能力”。但capacity的另外一个意思是“容量、容纳能力”，在本句中它就是这个意思，故应选volume。又如：The auditorium has a seating capacity of 5,000 people. 这个大礼堂可以容纳5000人。
13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.
A.limit
B.control
C.replace
D.offset
A B C D
B
动词regulate是“调节、控制”的意思。又如：The traffic in the tunnel is regulated by a computer system. 隧道里的交通由一个计算机系统来控制。故control是最佳答案，limit“限制”，replace“取代”，offset“抵消”。
14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A.deny
B.investigate
C.stress
D.create
A B C D
B
explore的意思是“探险、探索”，在这个句子里和investigate相当。又如：For centuries, scientists have been exploring the secret of the human brain. 几百年来，科学家一直在探索人类大脑的秘密。
15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A.gradually
B.suddenly
C.excessively
D.exceptionally
A B C D
A
steadily的意思是“稳步地、不断地、一点一点地”，所以这里应选gradually。又如：With the joint efforts of various parties, the traffic in the city has been improving steadily. 在各方的共同努力下，这个城市的交通不断好转。suddenly恰好和steadily意思相反，excessively是“过度”的意思，exceptionally则是“例外地”意思。
If leadership consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leader's essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic (有魅力的) and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied. The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So it's worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise. Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. It's sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to (服从) experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that it's self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when it's scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.
1. Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
B
本题的意思是：实验证实了许多管理人员的设想。第一段的第二句告诉我们许多管理人员的设想是什么，那就是：说服别人的手段只有那些具有魅力和能言善语的人才具备，他们自己并不掌握(1beyond their grasp)。但这一段的最后一句却说：研究表明，说服别人的方法有几条可教可用的原则，即人人都可以学会这些原则并运用之。
2. People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them.
6. There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
C
本题的意思是：聪明的经理和愚笨的经理一样的多。本文中没有讲到有多少经理聪明，又有多少经理愚笨。
7. Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
本题的意思是：只有部分人知道的信息比人人都知道的事情更有说服力。这句话基本上和文章的最后一句话完全一样：…exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data. 唯一的不同只是把available(能得到的)改成了known(都知道的)。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉), After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
1. A. Control of Respiration B. Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C. Role of Respiration D. Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E. Need for Clean Water F. Ways of Stopping Respiration
5. A. by keeping its original shape and colour B. in the life of the cut flower C. to produce carbon dioxide D. for as long as possible E. by controlling temperature F. to replace the water and solution every day
A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers ______.
D
原句在语法上是完整的，即有主语和谓语动词，但在句义上还缺点什么，加上as long as possible后。整个句子的意思是：一些简单的事实将会帮助你尽可能长久地保存鲜花。
6. Respiration plays a key role ______.
B
原句的意思是：呼吸起了关键作用，但没有讲清在哪方面，因此可以加进去in the life of the cut flower(在鲜花的成活上)。
7. The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down ______.
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (浸透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
1. Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A.They are students at Sussex University.
B.They are rice breeders.
C.They are husband and wife.
D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
A B C D
D
第二段的第一句话把两位研究人员Tim Flowers和Tony Yeo的关系讲得很清楚，他们来自同一所大学Sussex university的School of Biological Sciences，故是同事。从上下文看他们不可能是学生，更不会是种水稻的；第三段的第一句里用了pair这个词，但pair不一定就是夫妻，从他们的名字看他们不是同一个姓，而且Tim和Tony都是男性的名字。
2. Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A.to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B.to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C.to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D.to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
A B C D
B
本题的答案可以在第三段里找到，这段的第一句话说他们开始了一个为期3年的研究项目，目的是establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty condition(确认哪些基因使得某些作物能在含盐的条件下生长)。这和选项B是同一个意思。
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars--one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场). Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line". Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker complelely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person. " Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖，拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
1. Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?
A.He introduced a new way of production.
B.He influenced all manufacturing.
C.He inspired other auto makers.
D.He changed a historian's mind.
A B C D
D
第一段的第二句话提到了历史学家(historian)，句子的意思大致是：从现在开始一百年以后，历史学家很可能得出这样的结论，即福特对所有的制造业产生了巨大影响。这是历史学家根据历史事实得出的结论，而不是福特改变了某一位历史学家的想法(changed a historian's mind)。
2. The writer mentions "slaughterhouses" because they were the places where
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development. In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling (涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. By the third stage of play development--from five to seven or eight years--the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys. Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed--to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
1. The passage tells us that as a child grows up
A.he should be allowed to choose his own toys.
B.he should be given identical toys.
C.he should be given different toys.
D.he should be given fewer and fewer toys.
A B C D
C
这句话...as a child grows up, he should be given different toys和第一段的最后一句话...it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development(给处于不同生长期的孩子选择合适的玩具很重要)是一样的意思。
2. According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents
A.determine his character.
B.will not change after the age of three.
C.partly determine the standard he is likely to reach.
D.to a large extent determine the choice of toys.
A B C D
C
本题的依据是第二段的第一句话，这句话中有一个介词短语：within the range of his inherited abilities，如果先抛开这个短语，句子的其余部分意为：近年对儿童成长的研究表明，孩子生命的头3年在很大程度上决定了他今后将达到的水平。但这个结论的限定是“在他遗传得到的能力范围之内”(within the range of his inherited abilities)，也就是说孩子从父母那里遗传来的能力部分地决定了他可能达到的水平。
3. Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?
A.Those who tend to overeat.
B.Those who are given a lot of toys.
C.Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.
D.Those who can share their toys with their playmates.
A B C D
C
答案的依据是第二段的最后一句话，选项c讲到的3点：given toys, talked to and played with在这句话里都可以找到：talked to and shown things and played with，只是次序稍有不同。
4. We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity
这道题的答案取决于对整篇文章的理解和把握，本文的题目是Play，第一段的第一句话就把文章的中心点出来了：...in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. 第二、第三、第四段分别讲了在1～3岁、3～5岁、5～7/8岁这三个阶段玩耍对孩子成长的重要作用。
第5部分：补全短文 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 There is a difference between science and technology. 1 Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. 2 Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. 3 But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. 4 The purpose of technology is to serve people--people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. 5 Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general--so much so that the promise of technology is "obscured" That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? A. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. C. What scientists discover may shock or anger people--as did Darwin's theory of evolution. D. Science and technology are different. E. We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. F. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products 1 his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or 2 the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the 3 of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for 4 he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can 5 to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly 6 of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit. Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. 7 mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, 8 logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists 9 to this principle as the law of increasing costs. The reason costs rise as production goes up is 10 . However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, 11 competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs 12 skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get 13 from other sources. This can be done by 14 higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, 15 not all land is equally fertile and not all ore (矿石) is equally rich in the mineral wanted.
1.
A.to
B.at
C.of
D.on
A B C D
C
只可能用of，the products of his competitors“他的竞争对手的产品”。
2.
A.below
B.beneath
C.over
D.above
A B C D
A
below the market price“低于市场价”，从整句的意思看不可能用over或above，因为只有按市场价或者低于市场价，他才可能把产品都卖掉，在below和beneath两个词中，“低于……价格”应该说“below...price”。
3.
A.price
B.cost
C.worth
D.profit
A B C D
B
在定价时，他必须考虑生产的成本(take the cost of production into consideration)，worth“价值”，profit“利润”。
4.
A.that
B.why
C.what
D.if
A B C D
C
这句考的是语法，介词for后面要求加一个名词性的成分，这里不是一个单一的名词，而是一个由what引导的从句——what will be a short time。he believes是个插入语成分。又如：I ran for what I believed was two miles. 我自信跑了有两英里路。
5.
A.afford
B.pretend
C.offer
D.try
A B C D
A
afford to“有能力做某事”，no business person can afford to lose money for a prolonged period“没有哪个生意人能承受长时间的赔本”。
6.
A.sure
B.afraid
C.aware
D.suspicious
A B C D
C
to be aware of是个短语，意思是“意识到，看到”，全句的意思是：如果他要在竞争中成功、获得利润，那他必须时时根据市场价格去考虑生产成本。
所给的四个动词后面都可以跟介词to，但意思各不相同。句子后面的as给了我们提示，refer to...as...是个短语，意思是：把……说成是……。又如：He referred to his own son as a problem youth. 他把自己的儿子说成是个问题青年。
10.
A.clear
B.simple
C.difficult
D.complex
A B C D
D
所给的四个形容词意思各不相同，从语法的角度看，都可以填入该句中。要决定填哪个，必须借助上下文。下面一句话以however开始，表示了和前面一句话在意思上的转折，后面又说it is easy to recognize...这表明前面的意思应和easy相反，故可排除clear和simple，余下difficult和complex，从词的搭配上看，一般不说reason is difficult，故应选complex。
11.
A.bringing
B.resulting in
C.including
D.carrying out
A B C D
B
result in是个短语，意思是“导致……结果”。整个resulting in短语说的是前面句子带来的后果。
这里填进去的是一个连接词，前后两个句子表示的是两种类似情况的比较，句子的意思是：就如并非所有的土地都一样肥沃，并非所有的矿石都一样富含所要的矿物质那样，并非所有的劳动力都能有同样的产出。因此应该选just as。又如：Not all Chinese drink tea, just as not all Americans drink coffee.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题