阅读理解题 Directions(答题指令): In this part there are three passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.
Passage 1 Watch out! Here comes London Mayor Boris Johnson riding a bicycle from his new bike hire plan. "What we've put in is a new form of public transport. These bikes are going to belong to everybody." More than 12,000 people have signed up for the plan. They each receive a key at a cost of three pounds, with cost at one pound for a 24-hour membership, five pounds for seven days, and 45 pounds for an annual membership. John Payne, a London teacher who cycles a lot, is among the first to use the system. "It's very comfortable. For people who don't cycle much I think it'll be very useful. But for people who cycle regularly, they are possibly a bit slow. But they're perfect for London streets, very strong. I think they'll be very widely used. " And Johnson says it's of good value. "I think it's extremely good value. The first half hour is free. If you cycle smart and you cycle around London—most journeys in London take less than half an hour, you can cycle the whole day free." Some 5,000 bikes are currently available at over 300 docking stations (租车点) in central London. Johnson says the city will gradually expand the system. "Clearly one of our ambitions is to make sure that in 2012 when the world comes to London, they will be able to use London hire bikes to go to the Olympic stadiums."
1. Mayor Boris Johnson is riding a bicycle to ______.
2. The author mentions John Payne as an example of people who ______.
A.support the bike hire plan
B.oppose the bike hire plan
C.don't cycle much
D.cycle regularly
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题的依据句是第三段第一个句子“John Payne, a London teacher who cycles a lot, is among the first to use the system.”。注意:既然从句中能够看出他是第一批使用租车系统的人之一,可以得出他支持该租车系统。D项误导性很强,其意思在依据句中得到了确认,但这不是文章用他做例子的原因。
3. According to Boris Johnson, one can cycle around London the whole day free ______.
A.because most journeys take less than half an hour
B.because the bike hire is free for the first time
C.if one is physically strong enough
D.if one can arrange his London tour in a smart way
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题的依据句是最后一段市长的话“I think it's extremely good value. The first half hour is free. If you cycle smart and you cycle around London—most journeys in London take less than half an hour, you can cycle the whole day free.”。既然骑车半小时内不收费,而景点之间距离又不超过半小时,所以只要精明安排,可以一天都不用花钱。
4. The bike hire system will ______.
A.be provided free for the 2012 Olympic athletes
B.be expanded to serve the 2012 Olympic Games
C.benefit from the 2012 Olympic Games
D.be free of charge for the 2012 Olympic visitors
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题的依据句是文章的最后两个句子“Johnson says the city will gradually expand the system. 'Clearly one of our ambitions is to make sure that in 2012 when the world comes to London, they will be able to use London hire bikes to go to the Olympic stadiums.'”。只有B项的意思可以得到确认。其他选项的意思文章没有涉及,属于无关信息。
5. Mayor Boris Johnson is ______ about the future of his bike hire plan.
Passage 2 Tony Huesman, a heart transplant recipient (接受者) who lived a record 31 years with a single donated organ has died at age 51 of leukemia (白血病), but his heart still going strong. "He had leukemia," his widow Carol Huesman said. "His heart—believe it or not—held out. His heart never gave up until the end, when it had to." Huesman got a heart transplant in 1978 at Stanford University. This was just 11 years after the world's first heart transplant was performed in South Africa. At his death, Huesman was listed as the world's longest survivor of a single transplanted heart both by Stanford and Richmond, Virginia-based United Network for Organ Sharing. "I'm a living proof of a person who can go through a life-threatening illness, have the operation and return to a productive life," Huesman told the Dayton Daily News in 2006. Huesman worked as marketing director at a sporting-goods store. He was found to have serious heart disease while in high school. His heart, attacked by a pneumonia (肺炎) virus, was almost four times its normal size from trying to pump blood with weakened muscles. Huesman's sister, Linda Huesman Lamb, also was stricken with the same problem and received a heart transplant in 1983. The two were the nation's first brother and sister heart tansplant recipients. She died in 1991 at age 29. Huesman founded the Huesman Heart Foundation in Dayton, which seeks to reduce heart disease by reducing children and offers a nursing scholarship in honor of his sister.
1. Tony Huesman died from ______.
A.heart failure
B.heart transplant
C.non-heart-related disease
D.pneumonia
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题的依据句是文章的第一句话“Tony Huesman, a heart transplant recipient(接受者) who lived a record 31 years with a single donated organ has died at age 51 of leukemia(白血病), but his heart still going strong.”。非常明确,他死于白血病,而他的心脏还很好。C项的意思为“与心脏无关的疾病”。其他选项明显是错误信息。
2. The phrase "held out" (Para. 1) probably means "______".
A.functioned properly
B.failed suddenly
C.expanded gradually
D.shrank progressively
A B C D
A
[解析] 注意“held out”的意思与后面的“His heart never gave up until the end, when it had to”意思一致,再加上前面的“his heart still going strong”,可以得出他的心脏没有问题。A项的意思为“正常发挥作用”,是最佳答案。其他选项意思有误。
3. After his heart transplant, Tony Huesman
A.received another donated organ
B.lived a normal life
C.couldn't go back to work
D.didn't live as long as expected
A B C D
B
[解析] 注意第三段第一个句子“I'm a living proof of a person who can go through a life-threatening illness,have the operation and return to a productive life.”,说明手术后他能够正常生活。其他选项的意思都与文章中的意思不符,属于错误信息。
5. Huesman had to receive a heart transplant because ______.
A.he had an inherited heart disease
B.he was born with heart disability
C.his heart was injured in an accident
D.his heart was infected by a virus
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题的依据句是倒数第三段最后一句话“His heart, attacked by a pneumonia(肺炎) virus, was almost four times its normal size from trying to pump blood with weakened muscles.”。其他选项的内容在文章中都没有提及,属于无关信息。
Passage 3 Happy hours are not necessarily happy, nor do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman. On weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may vary from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. After the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off instead for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity with businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather around the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day's stress at the office. At these happy hours, social binding occurs between people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has yet to meet a deadline. In this sense, these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one's social life.
1. For office workers and businessmen the happy hour is their ______.
A.professional requirement
B.regular practice
C.refreshing break
D.unpaid work
A B C D
C
[解析] 文中已经明确表示,“happy hours”发生在下班后“After the workday is finished”,有两个支持信息“a relaxing pause(放松间隙)”和“to relieve the day's stress at the office(为了释放当天在办公室的压力)”可以判断出C项(放松休息)为正确答案。
2. Happy hours are held because office workers need to ______.
A.have a good rest after work
B.stay away from household work
C.make new friends
D.celebrate their achievements
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题的依据句为第二段最后一个句子“This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day's stress at the office”,接近A项的意思“下班了需要放松一下”。其他选项的信息在文章中没有出现,属于无关信息。
3. The phrase "filled to capacity" in Para. 2 means the pub is ______.
A.too crowded
B.rather entertaining
C.completely full
D.very noisy
A B C D
C
[解析] “filled to capacity”意思为“人满为患/满员/满座”。
4. Happy hours contribute to office workers' ______.
Passage 4 Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure those are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don't. Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting "sleep or hide" (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modern creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals. With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the "red list" of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er. This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.
1. On the list of extinct animals studied, there were ______.
A.fewer SLOH-ers than regular animals
B.more SLOH-ers than expected
C.as many SLOH-ers as regular animals
D.hardly any SLOH-ers
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题的依据句是第二段第一个句子“Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting 'sleep or hide' (SLOH)behaviors did better than others”,大意为“冬眠的动物与普通动物相比更不容易灭绝”。
2. The phrase "a leg up" in Para. 2 probably means ______.
Passage 5 In computing, passwords are commonly used to limit access to official users. Yet the widespread use of passwords has serious drawbacks. Office workers now have to remember an average of twelve system passwords. In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in reality these would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all. An additional problem is that the majority use simple words such as "hello", or names of family members, instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y. This permits computer hackers to download dictionaries and quickly find the word that allows them access. When system users forget their passwords there is extra expense in supplying new ones, while if people are forced to change passwords frequently they often write them down, making systems even less secure. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords, which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking. One possible alternative has been developed by the American firm Real User, and is called "passfaces". In order to access the system, a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly (随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces, and the advantage is that such a sequence cannot be told to anyone or written down, so is more secure. It is claimed that the picture sequence, which used photographs of university students, is easier to remember than passwords, and it has now been adopted for the United States Senate.
1. What is the disadvantage of passwords as mentioned in Para. 1?
A.They do not ensure security.
B.They are difficult to remember.
C.They have to be changed frequently.
D.They limit computer accessibility.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题的依据句是第一段的最后一个句子“In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in reality these would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all.”。其他选项的内容在文中没有依据,属于无关信息。
2. One can make a password safer by ______.
A.inserting pictures between numbers
B.avoiding the use of letters altogether
C.setting up a firewall against computer hackers
D.using complicated combinations of numbers and letters
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题的依据句是第二段的第一个句子“...instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y.”。其他选项的内容在文中没有出现。
3. "Passfaces" is a method to get access to a system through ______.
A.remembering a large number of faces
B.selecting photographs of faces one likes
C.recognizing a sequence of face pictures
D.showing one's face in front of the computer
A B C D
C
[解析] 注意本题的依据句为第四段的第二、三、四句话“In order to access the system, a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly(随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces,...”。与此相对照,可以看出,A项的关键词“face”后面缺少“pictures”一词,所以与原文不符;B项中多出了一个没有提到的信息“faces one likes”;D项也是文中没有提及的内容。只有C项的信息完全能找到依据。
4. One advantage of "Passfaces" over a password is that ______.
A.it is easier to remember
B.it is more complicated
C.it takes less time to log in
D.it allows one to write less
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是细节信息考点,只要找到依据句也就是文章的最后一个句子,其重点信息“...the picture sequence, ...is easier to remember than passwords”就会一目了然。其他选项内容在文中没有提及。
5. What does the author think of the password?
A.It is an old system that needs improvement.
B.It provides as much security as before.
C.It should be abandoned by computer users.
D.It has developed to an advanced stage.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题需要对每项选择进行分析和推断,找出最有道理的说法。依据信息是文章第三段最后一个句子“Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords, which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking.”。与此相对照,A项的意思最接近作者的本意。
Passage 6
FedEx Service Restrictions
U.S. EXPRESS FREIGHT
INTERNATIONAL EXPRESS FREIGHT
INTERNATIONAL AIR CARGO
1 or 2 Day Freight
3 Day Freight
International Priority Freight or Economy Freight
International Premium or Express Freight
International Airport to Airport
Minimum weight per piece or shipment
68kg
68kg
68kg
No minimum restrictions
No minimum restrictions
Maximum weight per piece
997kg
997kg
997kg
997kg
997kg
Maximum length Plus girth per piece
762cm
762cm
762cm
762cm
762cm
Maximum length per piece
302cm
122cm
302cm
302cm
302cm
Maximum height per piece
178cm
178cm
178cm
178cm
178cm
1. Which of the following might be a proper title for the chart?
A.FedEx Freight Measurements and Methods.
B.FedEx Shipment Regulations in US and Other Countries.
C.FedEx International Freight Customer Service Guide.
D.FedEx Express Freight and Air Cargo Service Restrictions.