The traditional way of allocating a single charnel, such as a telephone trunk, among multiple competing users is to chop up its ______ by using one of the multiplexing schemes, such as FDM. If there are N users, the bandwidth is divided into N equal-sized portions, with each user being assigned one portion. Since each user has a private frequency ______, there is now no interference among users. When there is only a small and constant number of users, each of which has a steady stream or a heavy load of ______. this division is a simple and efficient allocation mechanism. A wireless example is FM radio stations. Each station gets a portion of the FM band and uses it most of the time to broadcast its signal. However, when the number of senders is large and varying or the traffic is ______, FDM presents some problems. If the spectrum is cut up into N regions and fewer than N users are currently interested in communicating, a large piece of valuable spectrum will be wasted. And if more than N users want to communicate, some of them will be denied ______ for lack of bandwidth, even if some of the users who have been assigned a frequency band hardly ever transmit or receive anything.