①The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. ②It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages. even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. ③Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television". ④Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication—a book. ⑤We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.
1. Paragraph ①______ A. Importance of Classroom Learning. B. Television—A Rich Source of information. C. Advertisements as important Messages from the Mass Media. D. Various Messages One May Receive Each Day. E. Media—Means to Communicate Messages. F. Importance of the Mass Media.
E
[解析] 本段举了许多例子来说明，媒体是交流信息的工具。答案为E。
2. Paragraph ②______
C
[解析] 本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。文中“Advertisements are important messages”表明，本段主要讲广告是一种重要的大众媒体。答案为C。
3. Paragraph ③______
B
[解析] 本段出现了设问“What is the most important source of information for you?”接着回答“Television”。可见本段的中心意思是电视是一个重要的信息来源。答案为B。
4. Paragraph ④______
D
[解析] 第四段第一句“Think of all the messages you received today”，表达了本段的中心思想，即一个人一天内有可能获取的各种信息。答案为D。
5. Paragraph ⑤______
F
[解析] 本段第二句“That is why the mass media are so important”，说明大众媒体重要的原因，所以选F。答案为F。
6. Each day we get a lot of messages from ______. A. sports news B. our decisions and opinions C. mass communication D. Advertisements E. source of information F. the mass media
F
[解析] 本题依据是第二段的第一、二句“It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media”，即从大众媒体获得信息。答案为F。
7. Television, radio and books are all important media of ______.
C
[解析] 第一段的三四句“Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone...mass media”，即大众通讯。答案为C。
8. ______ help us compare and evaluate products.
D
[解析] 第二段最后两句讲，广告也能向我们提供重要的信息，帮助我们对商品进行比较和评价。答案为D。
9. For most people television is the most important ______.
E
[解析] 依据是第三段的最后两句What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, "Television".答案为E。
10. The mass media are important to us because they shape ______.
B
[解析] 依据是第五段的前两句“We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important”。答案为B。
Natural Gas
①Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel(矿物质燃料), meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷). ②The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设) has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U. S. , and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants. ③Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits less pollution than other fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor—the same substances emitted when humans exhale. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧), making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all. ④The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U. S. Department of Energy's Energy In- formation Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. ⑤There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface. The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG(液化天然气) has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades. Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain.
11. Paragraph ①______ A. Popularity and use of natural gas. B. Natural gas reserves and supply. C. The definition of natural gas D. Clean fuel of choice. E. Disadvantages of natural gas. F. Natural gas consumption.
16. Natural gas is stored deep ______. A. low amount releasing of carbon dioxide B. beneath the earth surface C. by more than 50 percent D. for more than four decades E. as a raw material F. for home energy needs
B
[解析] 本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句话“Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface”。答案为B。
17. Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ______.
F
[解析] 本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句话“In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity”。答案为F。
18. When manufacturing many products, people commonly use natural gas ______.
E
[解析] 本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话“In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings”。答案为E。
19. Natural gas is cleaner than other fossil fuel sources, because of ______.
20. It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase ______.
C
[解析] 本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句话“The U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025”。答案为C。
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 (loud) than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more messages than we realize. In fact, 2 (verbal) communication takes up about 50% of what we really mean. And body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across 3 (culture). Indeed, what is called body language is so much a part of us that it's actually often 4 (notice). And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. For ex- ample, different societies treat the distance between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 5 (body) contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with strangers. People from Latin American countries, on the other hand, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in conversation, it may look like a Latino is 6 (follow) a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 7 (close). The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep backing away—which the Latino will in return regard as 8 (cold). Clearly, a great deal is going on when people talk. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from different cultures, there's a strong possibility of 9 (understand). But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule. treat others as you would like to be 10 (treat).
1.
louder
[解析] 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：肢体语言胜于言语。sth. speaks louder than words是常用结构，表示“……胜于言语”。答案为louder。
The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 11 (share). Solitude can be hard to discover once it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have shaped our culture. The desire to be connected has 12 (bring) solitude to an end as we've known it. People have become so 13 (reach) in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted even if they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(写博客), not only from our computers, but from our mobile phones as well. Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 14 (use) it would make them an 15 (outside). Also, many jobs and careers require people to be connected. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a burden to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 16 (real) wants it. Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be "connected" and "on" has many 17 (advantage), as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up lost on mountains, and mobile phones have saved 18 (count) lives. They can also make people feel 19 (trap) and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts. Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society vary across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. 20 (regard) of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like without daily advancements in technology.
One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best seller" list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight. This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the US and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title "Quiz Show" is on 40 years later. Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.
1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight. ______
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
[解析] 文章第一段最后一句话讲电视可以使任何事物或任何人一夜成名。答案为A。
2. The principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. ______
5. One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren, was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show's producers to give him the answers beforehand. ______
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
B
[解析] 文中第三段提到为了吸引观众，节目制片人主动把答案事先告诉了Charles Van Doren。答案为B。
6. The show's producers help the person win the game who are popular among the audience. ______
As I watch TV, images of famous, beautiful celebrities and their amazing lifestyles are drooled over. At first I find myself sharing in the admiration of these models with their skinny bodies and protruding bones. But then I realize what a false and sugar-coated image I am falling victim to. 1 It's something I shouldn't look up to or mimic in order to be what society considers flawless. A typical morning of a teenage girl such as myself consists of painting a not so immaculate face with expensive makeup to cover up any imperfections, continuing with a strict diet in the hope of losing more weight, and dressing in clothes I don't necessarily like in a desperate attempt to be more like the gorgeous women I see every day. This is part of daily life. 2 Every day there are images of celebrities such as Mary-Kate Olsen, Lindsay Lohan, and Nicole Richie, who are viewed as role models, even idolized, although they continue to live unhealthy lives for the whole world to see. 3 4 Instead of being filled with self-doubt and dissatisfaction, I have come to feel the need to be full of self-confidence and pride in my individuality and appearance, regardless of the media and the way celebrities are portrayed. I feel sure that I should not allow myself to be defined by the expectations of others but rather hold fast to my own standards and convictions. I have come to realize just how much our media has become obsessed with thinness and weight-loss and how I have been in danger of being affected by it as 3 teenage girl. Falling under this spell could easily lead to serious self-image issues as well as the stress of measuring up to the all too thin role models of today. 5 A．However, I believe it is important for teens not to give in to media pressure. B．This is why I now try to live my life free of the constant worry to be something I'm not, and to live a healthy life. C．I believe in striving towards being happy with my own self-image and in resisting pressure to the world's standards of perfection. D．However, seeing the increasing problem of eating disorders, especially in the celebrity world, has opened my eyes to the importance of not succumbing to the influence of the glitter of Hollywood. E．Behind the pretty exterior is a lifestyle full of insecurity, eating disorder and self-harm. F．Such celebrities in effect promote eating disorders in young people.
[解析] 作者在本段说到自己不赞同外界的审美标准，自己拥有自己的看法。并在具体说了一些原因。不难看出，短文最后将归纳总结。B句开头的“This is why...”以及整句话的意思向我们提示出了信息。答案为B。
Ⅴ.阅读选择 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。
Using Humor Effectively
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disrespect remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
1. To make your humor work, you should ______.
A.take advantage of different kinds of audience
B.make fun of the disorganized people
C.address different problems to different people
D.show sympathy for your listeners
A B C D
D
[解析] 为了让你的幽默奏效，你得让听众明白你和他们处于同样的位置，尤其是要“...in sympathy with their point of view...”。答案为D。
2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ______.
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal (集中的) increases in rates during recent weeks were reported in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory (呼吸道) disease activity with concurrent(同时存在的) circulation of pandemic influenza still exists in parts of southern and eastern Europe, 1 in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine. In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains 2 and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009. 3 , very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia. In 4 , limited available data indicate that active. high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries along the Mediterranean coast. In Central Asia, limited data suggest that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also appear to have passed their 5 period of transmission within the past month though both areas continue to have some active 6 and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet 7 to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be 8 overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago. In North America, influenza transmission 9 widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean. influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains 10 in most parts, except for local increases in respiratory disease activity in a few counties. A．activity D．unchanged G．particularly J．transmission B．however E．rising H．returned K．remains C．peak F．declining I．addition L．active
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