Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.
1.
A.by way of
B.on behalf of
C.as well as
D.with regard to
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查介词短语辨析和上下文语义。空格所在句中的not only...but also...并列结构表示“不仅……而且……”,其中not only结构又由两个部分构成,一个是“他父母、朋友的参与”,后面的those是指示代词,指的是“女方父母、朋友的参与”,两部分之间也应是并列关系,四个选项中能引导并列关系的只有选项C中as well as。 选项A中by way of意为“通过……;经由……”,通常指做事的方式、方法;选项B中on behalf of指“代表某人做某事”;选项D中with regard to意为“关于”,多用于句首。男方的亲友一般不会“通过”或“代表”女方的亲友,也不会专门针对他们做某事,代入空格后语义均不通顺,故皆可排除。
[解析] 本题考查连词辨析和逻辑关系。根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other...”可知,只有结婚对象选择好以后,父母才会去调查对方的家庭情况。空格需要填入的词用来引导时间状语,所以正确答案是选项C中After。 选项A中Although“尽管”,通常引导让步状语从句;选项B中Lest“以免,唯恐”,通常引导目的状语从句;选项D中Unless“除非,否则”,通常引导条件状语从句。从逻辑关系上看,这三项均不合适。
[解析] 本题考查动词辨析和上下文语义。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入一个动词原形,和后面的prayers of blessing搭配,构成动宾结构,同时与前面的offer a short sermon并列。该句的主语是Buddhist priests(佛教高僧),考查了文化背景,佛教中为人祈福的方式就是“诵经”,这个过程其实就是对prayer(经文)的背诵过程。所以答案为选项C中recite,意为“背诵”,与空格后的prayers of blessing搭配最为合理。 选项A中copy意为“复制,抄写;复印”,前文曾提到“僧侣做简短的布道”,可见在婚礼仪式上“抄写佛经”不太现实;选项B中test“检验,测试”和选项D中create“创造”与“经文”搭配显然更不贴切,故均可排除。
[解析] 本题考查动词辨析和上下文语义。一根蜡烛在a circle of happily married and respected couples中会被怎样使用呢?本段总体上都是在介绍婚礼上的一些仪式,所涉及的行为应该都是以喜庆祥和为基调。将一根蜡烛在一圈婚姻幸福的夫妻之间“传递”,这份福气就可以护佑这对新人。此外,宾语a candle舌面跟了一个介词短语around a circle,可知人们是“围成一圈”,因此选项A中passing为正确答案。 选项B中lighting意为“点亮”,可以接a candle,但不与around搭配,点亮一根蜡烛也不需要许多人围成一圈,故排除B。选项C中hiding意为“隐藏”,选项D中serving意为“服务”,代入原文都不符合语境,故均可排除。
[解析] 本题考查连词辨析和逻辑关系。空格前面说的是新婚夫妇会到女方的父母家里居住,时间可能长达一年,空格后说的就是他们可以“自立门户”的条件,即“他们有能力在附近建造一栋新房子”。从前文的up to a year来看,这里强调的是可以实现的时间条件,因此选项B中until“直到”为正确答案。 选项A中whereas意为“然而”,表示转折或对比;选项C中if意为“如果”,表示假设;选项D中for表示“为了”,表示目的。三项都不符合原文逻辑,故均可排除。
14.
A.obtain
B.follow
C.challenge
D.avoid
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题考查动词辨析和上下文语义。本段主要介绍的是柬埔寨的离婚文化,空格所在句意为“离婚是合法的,而且很容易______,但这种情况并不常见。”abut not common中的but可知,此处语义发生了转折。所以,空格处想表达的意思应该是离婚比较容易“获得(批准)”。故正确答案是选项A中obtain。 选项B中follow“(离婚很容易)跟随”、选项C中challenge“(离婚很容易)挑战”和选项D中avoid“(离婚很容易)避免”明显都不符合此处语境,故三项均可排除。
[解析] 本题考查形容词/副词辨析和上下文语义。空格所在句为:Each spouse retains (16) property he or she (17) into the marriage,其中第17个空的选项均为动词。该句意为,“夫妇双方(在离婚后)可保有其______入婚姻中的______财产”。本题空格处的词汇是用来修饰名词property的。因此,正确答案是选项A中whatever。 选项B中however意为“无论如何,无论多么;然而”,一般表示“方式”;选项C中whenever意为“无论何时”,相当于any time when,一般表示“时间”;选项D中wherever意为“无论何处,任何地方”,相当于any place where,一般表示“地点”。故三项均可排除。
17.
A.changed
B.brought
C.shaped
D.pushed
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查动词辨析和上下文语义。空格处需填入一个动词,与其后的into搭配。句子为Each spouse retains whatever property he or she ______ into the marriage,将选项B中brought代入文中,可与into搭配表示“把财产带入婚姻”,符合上下文的需求。整句意为:“夫妇双方(在离婚后)可保有其带入婚姻中的任何财产”(简单说就是婚前财产归个人所有),故答案为选项B中brought。 选项A中changed意为“改变”,change into意为“转变成”,强调的是在形式等方面发生的变化;选项C中shaped意为“形成”,shape into意为“使成为,(把……)做成……的形状;选项D中pushed意为“推;逼迫”,push into意为“把……推进;逼迫/推动(做某事)”。将三个选项代入文中,均无法与the marriage构成符合逻辑的表达,故均可排除。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that "incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men ) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: "We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people." The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
1. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
Text 2 For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever." It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air." Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship. At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. what is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin ur ban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
1. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside ______.
A.didn't start till the Shakespearean age
B.has brought much benefit to the NHS
C.is fully backed by the royal family
D.is not well reflected in politics
A B C D
D
[解析] 由题干关键词countryside和public定位至第一段。 细节理解题。文章第一段提到,民意调查显示英国人把乡村与王室、莎士比亚和英国国民医疗保健制度共同列为英国最值得骄傲的事物,可见公众对乡村应该是有感情的,但是本段结尾处指出“this has limited political support”(这种观点在政治上所获得的支持却很有限),故选项D中为正确答案。 作者提到莎士比亚是因为他也是英国人所引以为傲的,可与乡村并列,选项A中“是从莎士比亚时代才开始的”与原文不符;同样道理,文章也没有提到英国王室和国民医疗保健制度与乡村有什么直接联系,故选项B中“为英国的国民医疗保健制度带来很多益处”和选项C中“得到了英国王室的充分支持”也与原文内容相悖,均应排除。
2. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being ______.
A.gradually destroyed
B.effectively reinforced
C.largely overshadowed
D.properly protected
A B C D
A
[解析] 由题干提示和关键词the National Trust定位于第二段,再根据提问的时态(现在进行时)定位至本段最后两句。 细节理解题。根据之前的分析,由第二段最后两句可知,国民托管组织所致力保护的英国乡村绿地正逐年遭到城市建设的蚕食,可见国民托管组织取得的成就正逐渐遭到破坏,故选项A为答案。 从前面的分析易得知国民托管组织保护乡村的成就是遭到破坏而不是得到强化,故选项B中“有效强化”应该排除;选项C中“很大程度上遮掩光彩”在原文中没有依据,也可排除;第二段倒数第二句已经明确指出乡村绿地正被混凝土建筑侵占,可见选项D“恰当保护”与原文不符,故也排除。
3. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Labour is under attack for opposing development.
B.The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building.
C.The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
D.Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
Text 3 "There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption. The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect," whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others. Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect. The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines. In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher. Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
1. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with ______.
A.tolerance
B.skepticism
C.uncertainty
D.approval
A B C D
B
[解析] 由题干中的人名关键词Milton Friedman定位至第一段第一句。 推理判断题。文章开头就引用了诺贝尔奖获得者、经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼的话。其言论的主要意思是商业机构的天职就是关注利益和追逐利润,而作者在随后对此观点的评价是But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard CSR policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut,其中的even if you accept就暗示出作者对于米尔顿·弗里德曼说的话并不认可,故选项B正确。 米尔顿·弗里德曼指出,商业机构的社会责任就是追求利润,而本文之后都是在讨论商业机构投入于社会公益的问题,可见作者的态度不可能是包容或同意,故先排除选项A和选项D;作者对其论断的评价是may not be absolutely clear-cut,但这里并不是说态度的不确定,而是情况的不确定,故选项C也应排除。
2. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ______.
A.winning trust from consumers
B.guarding it against malpractices
C.protecting it from being defamed
D.raising the quality of its products
A B C D
A
[解析] 由题干提示和关键词helps定位于第二段第二句,该句中的add value to与help意义相近。 细节理解题。该句指出,CSR可以从三个方面为企业的生意增加价值。其一,消费者可能会将企业社会责任方面的花费视为公司产品品质高的一个“信号”。其二,消费者可能会愿意购买一个公司的产品,作为向它所扶助的公益事业捐赠的一种间接方式。其三,通过一种影响面更大的“光环效应”,企业的善举会赢得消费者和其他人更多的关注。综合来看,企业的社会责任主要可以通过赢得消费者的信任来使公司获益,故选项A为答案。 作者在第二段中并没有提到企业的名誉遭到诋毁的问题,也没有提到企业是否做出不当行为的问题,故选项B中“防止其做出不当行为”和选项C中“保护其不受诋毁”在原文中均没有提及,应该排除;第二段第三句提到了产品质量问题,但原文的意思是企业的社会公益行为会让消费者认为该公司产品质量好,而不是直接提高产品质量,可见选项D夸大了原文的意思,故也排除。
3. The expression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4 ) is closest in meaning to ______.
4. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record ______.
A.has an impact on their decision
B.comes across as reliable evidence
C.increases the chance of being penalized
D.constitutes part of the investigation
A B C D
A
[解析] 由题干关键词evaluate a case和CSR定位于文章第五段第一句。 细节理解题。定位句指出,尽管检察官应该仅仅基于案件本身的情况进行评估,他们似乎还是受到了企业社会责任记录的影响。随后,作者还引用了一位研究者的话,以具体案例和数据说明社会责任记录良好的企业的确可以获得轻罚。因此,选项A符合题意,为答案。 原文的意思是检察官会受到社会责任记录的影响,并不是说CSR可以作为某种可靠证据,故选项B与原文不符,可排除;从定位句之后的句子可知,社会责任记录会导致轻罚,选项C中“增加其受处罚的机率”与原文意思相悖,也排除;第五段第一句明确指出社会责任记录不属于“案件本身的情况”,本不应该被纳入案件考量的范围,因此CSR不可能是案件调查的部分,故选项D也应排除。
5. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
A.Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
B.The necessary amount of companies' spending on it is unknown.
C.Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
D.It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据题干提示,本题答案应出自最后一段,并与关键词CSR有关。 细节理解题。文章最后一段首句提到,研究人员承认,他们的研究并不能解答企业应该在社会责任项目上投入多少的问题。这与选项B中“企业在这方面的必要花销应该是多少尚不清楚”的说法完全一致,故选项B符合文意,应为答案。 文章虽然提到了关于社会责任记录的一些研究结果尚不明确,但并没有提到企业投入社会公益有什么负面影响,所以选项A中“它对于企业的负面影响常常被忽略”不符合文意,应排除;文章谈到履行社会责任需要企业进行投入,但没有提到企业能否承受,故选项C中“公司在这方面的经济能力被高估了”在文中也没有依据,应排除;选项D中“它给银行业带来了很多益处”是对该段第二句Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect的曲解,原文的意思是研究并没有揭示企业可以从光环效应中获得多少益处,而与银行业无关,故排除选项D。
Text 4 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010. Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expen sive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining. Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mis take, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti. Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you." Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product." The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription. "It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."
1. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to ______.
A.the high cost of operation
B.the pressure from its investors
C.the complaints from its readers
D.the increasing online ad sales
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据题干关键词ending its print定位于文章第二段首句,该句中的ditch print与题干关键词意义相同。 细节理解题。第二段第一句提到,摒弃印刷版本有很多动机,并从第二句开始列举主要动机,其中第二句提到,制作纸质报纸的基础设施——印刷机、运货卡车——不仅仅是昂贵,在它的线上竞争对手无须受到类似经济限制的时代,这简直贵得离谱。这与选项A所说的“运营成本高”意义吻合。此外,第三段开头也再次强调了纸质报纸的经费开支较高,故选项A为正确答案。 原文中并没有提到报刊投资者的信息,因此选项C“投资者们施加压力”完全没有依据,故排除;第二段第三句虽然提到了读者,但只是说读者逐渐远离了阅读印刷报刊的方式,并没有说读者对于纸质印刷报纸有什么怨言,选项C“读者有怨言”不符合原文;选项D的相关内容出现在第二段最后一句,该句中作者指出,纸质印刷广告的销售仍然高于在线和手机端的媒体,并没有提到在线版本广告的销售额是否增长,故选项D也可排除。
2. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should ______.
Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45 ). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. A. Create a new image of yourself B. Have confidence in yourself C. Decide if the time is right D. Understand the context E. Work with professionals F. Make it efficient G. Know your goals No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look. The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing. So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 1 As an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others per ceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK. 2 Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modem and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to use characterizations like that.) 3 Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact. 4 Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a pro fessional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think. 5 The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
1.
C
[解析] 本段出现了多处时间线索词:during transitions、when、in a period of、time等等,指出在一些特定的时间做出形象改变是有益的。通过浏览小标题我们发现,只有选项C出现了表示时间的词汇(time),而且本段第二句中的good与小标题中的right也恰好对应,因此选项C是正确答案。
[解析] 本段首句提到,“像人类学家那样来观察你的工作环境”,接着通过四个问句展示了四个具体的工作环境,而最重要的提示在结尾部分:The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact,意为“你对文化环境理解得越深刻,你就越能掌控你的影响。”这句话不仅复现了小标题中的关键词understand和context,而且阐释了context的重要作用。因此可以确定选项D为正确答案。
4.
E
[解析] 本段首句给出了两处关键词professionals和share with,即“寻求专业人士的支持并与他们分享你的目标和所处的环境”,与小标题中的professionals和work with完全匹配。接着作者通过私人造型师(personal stylist)和专业摄影师(a professional photographer)两个例子说明专业人士(professionals)的重要性。故选项E为正确答案。
5.
F
[解析] 本段首句中的“无效”(vain)和“花更多时间”(spend more time)正是小标题中efficient的反面,而第二句Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. 通过前后两句话对比指出重点是利用style upgrade作为机会来reduce decision fatigue(减轻决策疲劳),从而来提高效率。后两句话则举例说明如何提高效率,故选项F为正确答案。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Mental health is our birthright. 1 We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. 2 Our mental health doesn't really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. 3 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. 4 Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. 5 As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
1. Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
NOTICE
Jan. 25, 2016
Dear international students, Welcome to our university! As you have been granted access to the library, here is some detailed information that you may concern.[1] Our library opens all the year round.[2] Any enrolled student can visit the library from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. The reading rooms are all open except Reading Room No. 3, which is now undergoing interior decoration.[3] Catalogue of the books in the library is accessible at our website.[4] Rare copies of books are not allowed to be taken out of the library, and must be returned before the end of the day.[5] Wi-fi access is available and password-free.[6] Do set your mobile phones to mute mode, and lower your voice when you have to talk on the phone.[7] No food is allowed. If you have any other questions about the library, feel free to contact the librarians at 1234567.[8]
Li Ming
Library of X University
[解析] [1]as引导原因状语从句,be granted access to...意为“被准许进入……”。here is some detailed information that you may concern引出通知的内容,符合文体要求。 [2]opens all the year round是一个值得积累的表达,即“全年无休”。 [3]which引导一个非限制性定语从句,提高了句子的难度。undergo interior decoration意为“进行内部装修”,表达有亮点。 [4]catalogue of the books in the library意为“馆内图书的总目录”;“能够在网站上查阅”可以用be accessible at the website。 [5]rare copies of books即指“珍惜版本的图书”,rare突出“数量稀少”。 [6]无线网络想必是很多读者关心的情况,“Wi-fi可用”即Wi-fi access is available, password-free意即“无密码”。 [7]set your mobile phones to mute mode表示的是“将手机调至静音状态”,前面的Do表示强调。 [8]最后一段提电话以便有问题的读者咨询,是通州的常用结尾形式。
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should 1) describe the pictures briefly, 2) interpret the meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
The above pictures form a sharp contrast: In the first picture we can see the father, while enjoying a cigarette and TV programs, is lecturing his son about the importance of diligence; in the second picture we can see the father and the son are both working hard at their own desk very attentively.[1] These two cartoons show us two different kinds of parents.[2] The first kind expects a lot from their children, so they are constantly nagging about how important diligence is.[3] Ironically, they themselves are anything but diligent.[4] The other kind knows that actions speak louder than words; therefore, they work. together with their children[5] I think the second kind of parents is very wise. A child does not form good habits from endless nagging; instead, he does it by imitating his parents.[6] If the parents are very lazy and never work hard, the kid will know that they do not mean it when they are stressing the importance of diligence.[7] However, if the parents themselves are very diligent, even if they say nothing to their kid, the later will know that diligence is a much valued quality.[8] A giant in words but dwarf in action does not make a good parent; he is a good one who teaches his kid through his own example.[9]
[解析] [1] The above pictures form a sharp contrast首先表明两幅画间的对比关系,接着用in the first picture、in the second picture描述两幅画的内容。while enjoying a cigarette and TV programs为插入语表伴随。 [2]过渡自然,从图画描述引申对两种类型父母的阐述。 [3] expect a lot from sb. 意为“对某人的期望很高”;nag about sth. 意为“唠叨某事”,尤指带有催促意味的唠叨,用词贴切。 [4] Ironically位于句首,增加了句式表达的灵活性。anything but指“根本不”,表示强调。 [5] actions speak louder than words为谚语:“行胜于言”。 [6] I think the second kind of parents is very wise. 引入对自身观点的阐述。...does not form good habits from..., instead...有对比,有强调,而且非常顺。 [7] 包含条件状语从句和时间状语从句。do not mean it意为“不是认真的,非真心实意的”。 [8] even if引导让步状语从句。a much valued quality意为“一种非常可贵的品质”。 [9] A giant in words but dwarf in action即“言语上的巨人,行动上的矮子”,表达地道。who引导定语从句,有力地收束全文。