二、英语阅读理解题 Nowadays, we hear a lot about the growing threat of globalization, accompanied by those warnings that the rich pattern of local life is being undermined, and many dialects and traditions are becoming extinct. But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing. Read on and you are bound to feel comforted, ready to face the global future, which is surely inevitable now. Consider the Internet, that prime example of our shrinking world. Leaving aside the all-to-familiar worries about pornography and political extremism, even the most narrow-minded must admit that the net offers immeasurable benefits, not just in terms of education, the sector for which it was originally designed, but more importantly on a global level, the spread of news and comment. It will be increasingly difficult for politicians to maintain their regimes of misinformation, as the oppressed will not only find support and comfort, but also be able to organize themselves more effectively. MTV is another global provider that is often criticized for imposing popular culture on the unsuspecting millions around the world. Yet the viewers' judgment on MTV is undoubtedly positive; it is regarded as indispensable by most of the global teenage generation who watch it, a vital part of growing up. And in the final analysis, what harm can a few songs and videos cause? Is the world dominance of brands like Nike and Coca-Cola so bad for us, when all is said and done? Sportswear and soft drinks are harmless products when compared to the many other things that have been globally available for a longer period of time heroin and cocaine, for example. In any case, just because Nike shoes and Coke cans are for sale, it doesn't mean you have to buy them—even globalization cannot deprive the individual of his free will. Critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements. Life goes on, and has more to offer for many citizens of the world than it did for their parents' generation.
1. Some people feel sad about globalization because they believe it will ______.
A.bring threat to the world peace
B.impair the diversified local life
C.disrupt their present easy life-style
D.increase the size of people speaking dialects
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。文章开篇即指出有全球化给人类造成威胁的说法，其中谈到“the rich life pattern of local life is being undermined. and many dialects and traditions are being extinct”，也就是说人们认为全球化影响了多样的地方化生活，B正确，其中impair与原文中的undermine同义。文章没有谈到世界和平问题，故排除A；C“破坏了他们现有的舒适的生活方式”，言过其实；D“增加讲地方话的人的数量”与原文表述正好相反。
2. Internet was originally designed ______．
A.to promote education
B.to distribute news and comment
C.to relieve people of worries
D.to publicize political beliefs
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。依据文章第二段第二句中的后半部分“... the net offers ... not just in terms of education, the sector for which it is originally designed”，由此可知因特网最初是因为促进教育而被设计的，A正确。B“传播新闻与评论”是因特网后来的发展而并不是其当初的设计目的；第二段首句的前半部分实际上指的是因特网带来的不良影响：色情网页与政治极端主义给人们带来担忧；C“减轻人们的担忧”与原文意思相反；D“公布政治信仰”与因特网的初始目标相违背。
3. What is the writer's attitude towards globalization?
A.Suspicious
B.Positive
C.Indifferent
D.Contemptuous
A B C D
B
[解析] 态度题。作者在开篇指出有些人对全球化的担忧后借用“But stop and think for a moment about the many positive aspects that globalization is bringing.”笔锋一转开始谈全球化的积极方面，第二、三段中又分别以因特网与MTV的为例说明全球化的积极影响，最后一段中作者指出“Critics of globalization can stop issuing their doom and gloom statements”，可见作者对全球化的态度是积极的，正面的，B正确，A“怀疑的”以及D“轻蔑的”显然与B相反；C“不关心的，淡漠的”也不正确，若真是如此，又何必写此篇文章呢?
4. It is implied in the passage that Nike and Coca-Cola ______．
A.should not become dominant brands
B.has been ignored by many people
C.cannot be compared with drugs
D.shouldn't have caused so much concern
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。作者在第四段中首先发问“有人说耐克与可口可乐公司统治全球对我们不利，真是如此吗?”，接着说到与海洛因与可卡因这些物质比起来，最起码运动装与软饮料是无害的，不管怎么说，耐克鞋与可口可乐仅是供出售的，并不意味着你必须去买，全球化并不能剥夺一个人自由选择的权利，可见作者旨在证明耐克与可口可乐公司的全球统治地位并不应该引起人们的极大关注，D正确。A“不应该成为统治性品牌”与作者本意相反；由“world dominance of brands”便可否定B；C“不能与毒品相比”不是作者在此所要揭示的问题。
5. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?
High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers—and anyone who will listen. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton school. "Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers," said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. "The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement." On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting "snowball effect" can be disastrous to retailers. According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves, over-loaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. "Retailers who're responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren't so friendly." said Professor Stephen Hoch. "Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help." Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
6. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
A.Most customers won't bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences
B.Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them
C.Few customers believe the service will be improved
D.Customers have no easy access to store managers
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。本题问“为什么商店经理是最后一个听到抱怨的”。这一句在文章第二段，前文第二段指出“Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers—and anyone who will listen. (顾客很少会向经理或零售店老板投诉，但是他们会提醒他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人——任何愿意听他们话的人注意)”。由此可以判断B“顾客宁愿将不高兴的经历讲给身边的人”正确。A项“大多数顾客即使不高兴也不愿意烦心去抱怨”。文章指出顾客会抱怨，但不是找商店经理抱怨。C项“没有几个顾客认为服务会提高”。顾客不去找经理也许是因为服务不会提高，也许是没有心情，本文未提及确定的原因。本项属于过度推论。D项“顾客很难接触到商店经理”。文中没有提及。
7. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying " ... the shopper must also find a replacement" (Line 6, Para. 2)?
A.New customers are bound to replace old ones
B.It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores
C.Most stores provide the same kind of service
D.Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。本题问“保拉?考特尼所说‘……顾客也必须要找到一家替代的商店’暗指什么”。文中第二段保拉?考特尼提到“The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement. (商店损失了客源，而顾客也必须找一家替代的商店)”。商店有了损失，顾客为了要满足自己的需要，也必须去找另一家替代的商店才行。也就是说，这也会给顾客带来麻烦。因此。D项“不向经理投诉也会给消费者带来一定的麻烦”为正确答案。A项“新顾客必将代替老顾客”文章提到的是顾客对自己买东西的商店有所更换，而不是商店里顾客有所更换。B项“消费者不太可能在其他的商店找到同样的商品”。文中说顾客一定要找一家别的商店，可见在其他商店找到同样商品是可能的吗，本项与原文意思相反。C项“大多数的商店提供类似的服务”文中没有提到。
8. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers ______.
A.can stay longer browsing in the store
B.won't have trouble parking their cars
C.won't have any worries about security
D.can find their cars easily after shopping
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。本题问“商家经常雇用当地警察兼职充当停车服务员目的是给顾客带来什么好处”。文章第四段中作者提到雇用警察兼职的事，后面又说(“This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (这些导车服务使顾客不必无尽无休地围着停车场转圈子，也避免同时看到同一停车位的人们发生争执。)”可见雇用警察兼职是为了给顾客提供导车服务，方便顾客，故B项“停车的时候不会有麻烦”正确。A项“可以在商店多逗留一段时间浏览商品”文中没有提及。C项“不会担心安全问题”雇用警察不是为了安全，而是指导顾客方便停车。D项“购物结束后很容易就能找到他们的车”文中提到的是使顾客购物前容易找到停车位，而不是购物之后容易找到车。
9. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A.Manners of the salespeople
B.Hiring of efficient employees
C.Huge supply of goods for sale
D.Design of the store layout
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。本题问“什么对解决顾客的问题最有帮助”。第六段中提到“更重要的是，售货员对待发火的顾客应该老练而又礼貌”。接着说“Retailers who're responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren't so friendly. (反应积极、态度友好的商家比那些不友好的商家更容易解决问题)”。可见商店里售货员和气的态度非常重要，是解决问题的首要因素，故A项“售货员的态度”正确。B项“雇用高效的员工”。C项“提供大量的货源”。D项“店面的设计”。这三项文中均提到，但都不是最重要的因素。
10. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to ______.
A.exert pressure on stores to improve their service
B.settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way
C.voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
D.shop around and make comparisons between stores
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。本题问“为了获得更加优质的购物体验，消费者得到的建议是什么?”文章最后一段指出“Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (消费者也可以通过给商家填写投诉单而不是向世界上其他人抱怨来提高自己未来的购物体验。)”故C项“把他们的不满直接告诉商店经理”正确。A项“向商店施压，让他们改善服务”。文章末句说“当商家不知道自己错在何处的时候，他们提高业务也是压力重重”，也就是说这样不利于改进。选项与文义相反。B项“以外交手段解决争端”文中diplomatic的意思是像外交官一样的老练，而不是指真正的外交行为。D项“到多处购物，货比三家”文中没有提及。
For more than 10 years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, vandalized or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offences with no signs that the trend is slowing down. Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness. When the Automobile Association (AA) engineers surveyed one town centre car park last year, 10 percent of cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed up by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked. The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The AA has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average of three minutes and sometimes much longer as drivers buy drinks. Cigarettes and other consumer items and then pay at the counter. With payment by credit card more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car as long as six minutes providing the ear thief with a golden opportunity. In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. 24 percent admitted that they "always" or "sometimes" leave the keys in the car. This means that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief. The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car—and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come—on to thieves. Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminal. A Manchester probationary service research project, which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat. Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it—a garaged car is at substantially less risk. There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights just the places thieves love. The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around—thieves do not like audiences.
11. The passage seems to imply that payment by credit card ______.
A.is preferable for safe parking
B.is now a common practice
C.takes longer than necessary
D.aids a car thief in a way
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。第三段最后一句中谈到信用卡时，作者指出“随着信用卡付款的普及，司机离开汽车长达6分钟之久已经很平常(not unusual)，后果是“providing the car thief with a golden opportunity”，可见D“信用卡付款在某种意义上帮助了偷车贼”表述正确。A意思正好与原文相反；B只是说明一种现实状况，并不是文章所imply的内容；文章中并没有对使用信用卡前后的付款时间做出比较，故排除C。
12. Which of the following statements is correct?
A.In the UK, a million cars are stolen daily
B.In the UK, there are amateur car thieves only
C.There are more car crimes than any other type of offences
D.One in ten drivers invites car theft due to carelessness
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。文章中并没有地方确切提到英国每天的丢车数量，因此A不正确；B“在英国只有业余偷车贼”明显与第二段第一句中提到的“很专业的罪犯卷入汽车盗窃”相矛盾；文章首句中只是提到汽车犯罪比大多其他类型犯罪要多，但并不是指任何其他类型犯罪，注意most other types与any other type的区别，故排除C；第二段第二句首先指出“Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness”,接着以汽车协会的调查为例证明这一观点，其中就指出10%的汽车被发现没有上锁，由此可见D“十分之一的司机由于疏忽而招致汽车失窃”正确。
13. The researches mentioned in the passage on car theft include all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.checking private garages
B.interviewing motorists
C.questioning car thieves
D.examining parking lots
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。第四段第一句中提到在AA的调查中，“300 motorists，were questioned”，因此排除B；第六段第二句又提到在曼彻斯特假释期的调查项目中，100名偷车贼被采访，故排除C；由最后一段中“The Home office has found little awareness. Among drivers about safe parking.”司知D也被提及，只有A“检查私人车库”没有被提及。
14. The best way for a driver to avoid car theft is ______.
A.leaving documents showing one's home address in the car
B.locking one's car in a parking lot at any time
C.not leaving the car unattended for longer than necessary
D.not leaving a sunroof or window partially open
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。倒数第二段中提到“Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car.”A显然与之矛盾；第五段中强调“The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car—and for however short a period.”可见B“任何时候都记得锁车”是最好的防盗方法；C、D在文中虽都有提及，但与题干中的“the best way”不符。
15. In the last paragraph, the term "safe parking" means ______.
A.not parking under street lights
B.not parking in front of a theatre or cinema
C.avoiding traps set by a possible car thief
D.parking where a lot of people pass by
A B C D
D
[解析] 含义题。最后一段中在提到“safe parking”后解释很多人都将车停在僻静的远离街灯的地方，而这些地方恰是小偷喜欢去的，最后一句中提到AA建议将车停在人多的地方，作者还幽默地说到“thieves do not like audiences”，由此可以推断所指的“safe parking”是过路人多的地方，故D正确。A恰好与原文意思相反；B没有提到；C本身表述正确，但与safe parking没有关联。
Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other "friends" to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to "compartmentalize" friendships, having "friends at work", "friends on the softball team", "family friends", etc. Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything "American" in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn't matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence. On the other hand, don't expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.
16. The general topic of the passage is ______.
A.American culture
B.American society
C.Americans' activities
D.Americans' personality
A B C D
D
[解析] 主旨题。文章第一段简单介绍了美国人的交友观；第二段介绍了美国人的其他特点： seem brusque or impatient, Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country ..., Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation；第三段又指出不要指望美国人对世界地理和国际事务有多少了解；由此看来本文主要讲的是D“美国人的个性问题”，而不是A“美国文化”、B“美国社会”、C“美国人的活动”。
17. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.Americans do not like to depend on other people
B.Friendships among Americans tend to be casual
C.Americans know a lot about international affairs
D.Americans always seem to be on the go
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。本题需用排除法作答。第一段倒数第二句“... the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people”说明选项A表述正确；第一段第二句“Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures."说明B表述正确；第二段首句说明D“美国人总是看起来很忙碌”正确；只有C与最后一段第一句“除非是涉及美国方面的问题，不要指望美国对世界地理和国际事务有多少了解”相矛盾。
[解析] 含义题。本题实际是针对于文中的指代词设题，在第二段第二句中作者提到了“In this highly charged atmosphere”，这里的“this highly charged atmosphere”应当指上一句提到的“a highly active society. full of movement and change”，D中的mobility是文movement的同义转述，因此选D，其他选项均是脱离上下文语境的想当然。
19. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.Americans want to participate in all kinds of activities
B.Americans' character is affected by their social and geographical environments
C.Americans do not know how to deal with silence
D.Curiosity is characteristic of Americans
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理题。文章第一段第四句“This attitude probably has something to do with American mobilitv and the fact ...”及第二段第一句都提到了美国社会对美国人性格的影响，最后一段提到了地理环境对美国人性格的影响，因此推断B正确。文中没有出现A所表述内容的依据，故排除A；C与第二段最后一句“They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.”相矛盾：D的表述文中找不到依据。
20. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because ______.
A.they are not interested in other countries
B.they are too proud of themselves
C.their country does not have many neighboring nations
D.they are too busy to learn about other countries
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。本题是针对文中的因果关系处设题。文章最后一句“Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations”说明了题干的原因，选项C正是本句话的同义表达。
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don's understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper. who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
21. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to ______.
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