The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be 1 if individuals would want to make 2 personal health choices, which should be based 3 current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral 4 of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may 5 our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink 6 refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle without any exercise. The freedom of making such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, 7 the wisdom of these personal decisions can be 8 . Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. 9 one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be 10 by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A 11 of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is 12 the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any 13 individual. However, the decision to 14 a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the 15 of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to give oneself 16 to a behavior with a statistical probability of shortening life 17 is similar to attempting suicide. 18 , for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated 19 a statistical probability of increased vitality and 20 .
[解析] 名词辨析题。空格中的单词应该强调数量之大,C:multitude的意思是“大量的,多数的”,既可以指人,也可以指物,故为正确答案。A:multiplication的意思是“增多,增加;乘;繁殖”,不符合文意,故排除;B:crowd指的是“人群,群众”,一般用来表示数量很多的人,故排除;D:a great many意思是“许多”,但是与名词搭配时不需要接of,因此可以排除。
[解析] 固定搭配题。give oneself over to意为“完全献身于某物”,这里即指献身于一种行为,在此意译为“采取一种行为”,符合文意,因此C:over为正确答案。give sb. away的意思是“出卖某人”;give sb. up是指“对某人的到来、康复或寻回不再抱任何希望”;give sth. off意为“送出或发出某物”,均不符合文意,故排除A、B以及D。
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a (n) 1 of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To 2 a large population, the good land must be worded intensively and the 3 land must be cultivated. Thus, each person 4 less and this means a lower average income 5 could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more 6 for specialization and the development of facilities. 7 there is a big demand to justify them, facilities such as ports, roads and railways are not 8 to be built. One of the difficulties in 9 a world- wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth 10 from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and 11 materials. In the developing country where a vastly 12 population is pressing harder and harder 13 the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birth rate, 14 the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more 15 . A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results 16 a declining market for manufactured goods. 17 the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building 18 is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a(n) 19 country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, 20 one which is stable or in decline.
[解析] 形容词辨析题。空格中的单词应该表示“可能的”的意思。在四个选项中,A:likely和D:prone都表示“可能的”,不过:prone多用于人,着重强调其本性,或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等,因此正确答案为A:likely。B:possible和C:probable虽说也表示可能性,但是一般用于It is possible/probable for sb. to do sth. ,或者It is possible/probable that. 的结构中,因此可以排除。
[解析] 固定搭配题。C:vary指的是“变动;呈多样化”,可以用在vary from sth. to sth. 的结构中,表示“由……到……而不同”,故选C。A:change泛指事物的“变化,改变”,用在此处不够确切,故排除;B:alter主要指“修改”,尤指对法律条文、合同、设备、衣物等进行修改,不符合文意,可以排除;D:contrast的意思是“对比”,不符合文意,故排除。