Section A In the lumberyard by the lake, where trees from the woods were turned into boards for construction work, there was an old brick building two floors high, and all around the outside walls were heaped great piles of soft sawdust; There were many of these golden mountains of dust covering that part of the yard fight down to the blue lake. That afternoon, bored with having nothing else to do, all the fellows followed Michael up the ladder to the roof of the old building and they sat with their legs hanging over the edge looking out across the lake. Suddenly Michael said, "I dare you to jump down," and without thinking about it, he pushed himself off the roof and fell on the sawdust where he lay roiling around and laughing. "I dare you all!" he shouted, "You're all cowards," he said, encouraging them to follow him. Still laughing, he watched them looking down from the roof, white-faced and hesitant, and then one by one they jumped and got up grinning with relief. In the hot afternoon sunlight they all lay on the sawdust pile telling jokes till at last one of the fellows said, "Come on up on the old roof again and jump down." There wasn't much enthusiasm among them, but they all went up to the roof again and began to jump off in a determined, desperate way till only Michael was left and the others were all down below grinning up at him calling, "Come on, Mike. What's the matter with you?" Michael wanted to jump down there and be with them, but he remained on the edge of the roof, wetting his lips, with a silly grin on his face, wondering why it had not seemed such a long drop the first time. For a while they thought he was only fooling them, but then they saw him clenching his fists tight. He was trying to count to ten and then jump, and when that failed, he tried to take a long breath and close his eyes. In a while the fellows began to laugh at him; they were tired of waiting and it was getting on to dinnertime. "Come on, you're a coward, do you think we're going to sit here all night?" they began to shout, and when he did not move they began to get up and walk away, still shouting. "Who did this in the first place? What's the matter with you all?" he called. But for a long time he remained on the edge of the roof, stating unhappily and steadily at the ground. He remained all alone for nearly an hour while the sun, like a great orange ball getting bigger and bigger, rolled slowly over the grey line beyond the lake. His clothes were wet from nervous sweating. At last he closed his eyes, slipped off the roof, fell heavily on the pile of sawdust and lay there a long time. There were no sounds in the yard, the workmen had gone home. As he lay there he wondered why he had been unable to jump; and then he got up slowly and walked home feeling deeply ashamed and wanting to avoid everybody.
1. Why did the boys first decide to climb onto the roof of the building?
When e-mail first came into general use about fifteen years ago, there was a lot of talk about the imminent arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionise office communication. According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail. "Information in the form of e-mail messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be sent so quickly that memos tend to be distributed in the hundreds. For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their m-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month," Metcalf says. Metealf has found that because some e-mails get lost in eyberspaee, PAs are increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax or "snail mail"-through the post. This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in today's offices-it is taking up time rather than saving it. "With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is also more room for misunderstandings." says psychologist Dr David Lewis. Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax. More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e-mail for sending "flame-mail" -abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages. Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase. E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing workplace frustration beeause it is so instant. E-mail can also be a problem in other ways. Staff all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents of an e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal. E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink emailing your frustrations about your job to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office. It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make life easier, and if used correctly, it is an invaluable tool for businesses of all sizes. But perhaps, for the time being, the fact that in the business world 70 percent of all documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all.
6. Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices?
A.People write more memos than they used to.
B.Many secretaries keep paper copies of everything their bosses send and receive.
C.Many managers prefer to read their messages on paper.
D.Staff leave messages lying around their offices.
10. What does the writer conclude about e-mail in the last paragraph?
A.It has already made life a lot easier for many businesses.
B.It is not being used enough in business today.
C.It will never replace written communication.
D.It is really useful when people use it propely.
A B C D
D
[解析] 作者在最后一段对电子邮件做了总体评价，即如果正确运用，对各类公司都是很有价值的。
Section B For questions 1-5, mark Y(for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Accommodation
Near the town centre-Single rooms available
Sunningdale Hotel
French, German, Spanish and Russian spoken
￡150 per week single room or ￡27 per day, with English breakfast and dinner.
Double room ￡120 each person a week, ￡25 daily.
Half price for children under 14.
The Sunningdale Hotel was built in 1913 and opened by Prince Louise. It has provided excellent service for people from all over the world and people of all ages and nationalities have stayed here. During the past 80 years over 50,000 guests from 174 different countries have visited Sunningdale. The hotel is on one of the main roads leading to the town centre. It is about 20 minutes by bus from the centre of town and buses to many other parts of the town stop outside the hotel. Guests should be careful not to travel on buses with the blue sign Express on the front because they do not stop near our hotel. An underground station is less than 100 metres away. The main building has 200 well-furnished, centrally-heated single rooms, each fitted with hot and cold water. Showers, baths and toilets are at the end of all con'idors. The hotel has a shop, sitting rooms, four television rooms, a table tennis room, a hbrary and laundry. There are also eight pianos available for guests use. There are spaces to park cars on the hotel drive. Daily newspapers are provided free and stamps can be bought at the office. Guests who stay for long periods must pay for their accommodation weekly in advance and one week's notice is required for departures. Shortor long-term guests are welcome but long-term guests are offered rooms first. Meal times are: breakfast 7: 00 9: 30 a. m. ; lunch 1: 00 2: 00 p. m.; dinner5: 30 7: 00 p. m.. During the week, for those studying or working late, dinner can be requested until 11: 00 p. m. by writing your name on the late list or by telephoning before 7: 00 p. m.. A selection of 10 menu choices are available for breakfast and dinner. Guests are advised to use taxis to get to the hotel if they arrive by train because we are some distance from the main railway station. Statements:
1. Laundry is included in the cost of a room.
NG
[解析] 文中第三段提到该旅馆配备商店、客厅、电视、乒乓球、图书馆和干洗店。但是没有提及是否收费。
2. An Express bus will take you from the hotel to the centre of the town.
5. It is a long way to walk from the hotel to the main railway station.
Y
[解析] 文中最后说从该旅馆到火车站需要打的，确实有一段距离。
It is well known that some cultures prefer sons to daughters. In contrast, surveys have revealed that some people would rather have a daughter than a son. Apparently, each of these preferences has its explanation in the local culture. Around the world, people who prefer sons have similar reasons. In many countries, sons are valued because they can work and contribute to the family income. Also, sons will be able to support their parents when the parents are old. In some cultures, sons are important also because they enable the family name to continue for another generation. This is because the wife in these cultures takes her husband's family name, and more or less" belongs" to the husband's family. In addition, having a daughter can sometimes cause difficulty for a family. In India, for example, having a daughter can be a burden because the family has to pay a dowry when the girl gets married. Generally, people think traditional cultures are the ones in which boys are preferred. Research seems to support this belief. However, according to a survey conducted in 2000, people in the Czech Hepubhc, Lithuania, Portugal, and the Caribbean prefer to have daughters. The researchers said that parents in these societies do not have the same economic situation that exists in other countries, so they do not need to have a son to help make money. Instead, families in these countries want daughters for emotional reasons. Many mothers think they will have a better relationship with a daughter than a son, for example. In addition, they think daughters will take better care of them when they are old. In Japan, a similar trend has emerged. This might come as a surprise to some, because only one generation ago, the Japanese favored sons. In 1982, over half of Japanese couples surveyed would want a boy if they could have only one child. A survey done in 1997, on the other hand, found that 75 percent wanted a girl! Some Japanese couples say they want to have daughters because they think daughters are cuter and easier to raise. Japanese couples also worry about being taken care of when they are old. If they have to live with their children when they are very old, many Japanese parents would want to live with a daughter. "A son's wife would be like a stranger and harder to ask for help," one Japanese mother said. Critics warn that preference for a daughter is just as bad as preference for a son. "Instead of valuing children for the social roles they are expected to fill, parents must learn to value children as individuals," critics say. When that is the case, parents will be equally pleased with a son or daughter.
6. The reasons that parents prefer to have sons are to continue ______, to help earn money for the family, and to support the parents in their old age.
the family name
[解析] 根据第二段内容可知，除了挣钱养家糊口和防老，儿子还可以传承家族姓氏。
7. Japan's preference for daughters now is quite ______ because not long ago the preference was for sons.
Passage One There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of this type of education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are none. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students want some structure in their classes, They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
1. One good thing about open education is that it ______.
help develop students' interest
[解析] 文章第一段内容可知，开放式教育可以培养学生的责任感和兴趣。
2. Open education may be a good idea for the students who ______.
worry about grades or rules
[解析] 根据第一段内容可知，实行开放式教育以后，有些学生就开心了，因为不用担心分数和纪律了。
3. Why will some students do little in an open classroom?
Because of too few rules．
[解析] 根据第二段内容可知，对于有些学生来说，开放式教育规则太少，效果也大打折扣。
4. What do many teachers think of open education?
Not believing in open education．
[解析] 根据第二段内容可知，很多老师不太相信开放式教育。
5. Give this passage an appropriate title.
Views on Open Education
[解析] 本文主要介绍的是对开放式教育的不同观点。
Passage Two "My advisor wants me to call him by his first name," many foreign graduate students in the U.S. have said, "But I just can't do it. It doesn't seem right. I have to show my respect." On the other hand, professors have said of foreign students, "They keep bowing and saying 'Yes, sir, yes, sir.' I can hardly stand it. I wish they'd stop being so polite and just say what they have on their minds." Differing ideas about formality and respect frequently complicate relationships between American professors and students from abroad, especially Asian students (especially female Asian students). The professors generally prefer informal relationships (sometimes, but not always, including the use of first names rather than titles and family names) and little acknowledgment of status differences. Many foreign students are used to more formal relationships and sometimes have difficulty bringing themselves to speak to their teachers at all, let alone addressing them by their given names. The characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat, depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the college. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller colleges student-teacher relationships are typically even less formal than they are at larger institutions. To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are. But native American students may show their respect mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem to foreign students to be disrespectful. For example, American students will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Disapprove of such behavior, but they tolerate it. Students, after all, are individuals who have the right to decide for themselves how they are going to behave.
1. When addressed by their given names, American professors think it ______.
acceptable
[解析] 根据文中内容可知，美国的教授们允许并且习惯学生们直呼其名。
2. Many foreign students'politeness makes their American professors ______.
uncomfortable
[解析] 根据第二段内容可知，很多外国学生对美国教授唯唯诺诺，使得美国教授受宠若惊，极不自在。
3. What are the relationships like between students and professors at big American universities compared with smaller ones?
5. What do American teachers think of their students'behavior in class?
They tolerate it even though they disapprove it．
[解析] 文中最后一段说，对于学生课堂上的某些行为老师虽然不赞同，但是很宽容。
At least 600, 000 jobs could disappear in the UK this year, according to a report by a personnel managers'professional body. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development says even those who escape redundancy will face pay freezes. It says that while total unemployment will not hit three million, the time between New Year and Easter will be the worst for job losses since 1991. According to official statistics, there were 1.86 million people out of work in the UK in October, 2008. This figure was the highest since 1997, taking the overall unemployment rate to 6 percent. David Frost of the British Chamber of Commerce says, "It is the worst year. Companies are in survival mode. " The CIPD, which represents managers and personnel staff, issued its gloomy forecast a day after children's retailer Adams joined a growing list of well-known chains applying for bankruptcy protection. Chief economist John Philpott said, "In the face of some skepticism, the CIPD warned that 2008 would be the UK's worst year for jobs in a decade. It was, but in retrospect it will be seen as merely the slow-motion prelude to what will be the worst year for jobs in almost two decades. The CIPD's annual barometer forecast is that the UK economy will shed at least 600,000jobs in 2009. Overall, the 18-month period from the start of the recession in mid-2008 until the end of 2009 will witness the loss of around three quarters of a million jobs, equivalent to the total net rise in employment in the preceding three years. "Mr. Philpott said job losses were likely to continue into 2010, taking the final toll to about one million. The CIPD also surveyed 2,600 workers and found that more than one in four did not expect a pay rise next year, while others feared wage cuts. The institute's reward adviser, Charles Cotton, said, "Employees are realistic about their pay prospects. Against this backdrop, employers will need to work hard to find new ways to motivate their employees to perform. " "Financial incentives and targeted investment in training and development could be effective ways to do this," he added. "More than ever, this is a time where organisations need to engage in an open and straightforward communication with their staff, clearly explaining the reasons for any difficult measures that will affect them. "he said. "This will help preserve staff loyalty and engagement even during times when unpopular decisions need to be made. "
6. According to the passage, which year will be the worst for job losses in the UK?
Section D Wine can be made with red grapes or white grapes, and, especially in the case of red wines, a number of medical researchers have reposed that a moderate amount of wine has certain health benefits. This may be one of the reasons why the number of people drinking wine has risen over the past years. As new wine shoppers browse the shelves of their local markets, they face a tough decision. Should they buy a wine with a cork or a screw top? And shoppers are not alone in their dilemma. Wineries are also facing tough choices in the best way to seal their products. The root of the problem lies in "cork taint." Cork taint refers to a problem with wine that has been sealed with a bad cork. Traditionally, all corks are made from a special oak tree that grows around the Mediterranean. In the process of making the corks and sealing wine bottles, a certain type of mold may start to grow on some corks. Over time, this mold can produce a chemical that makes the wine inside the bottle taste musty. In fact, the human tongue is so sensitive to this particular compound that people can taste it even diluted up to six parts per trillion! How big is the problem of cork taint? Some experts from the wine industry claim cork taint affects one out of every ten bottles of wine. And as one spokesperson for an American winery says, "No other packaging industry in the world would put up with that kind of failure rate. " Some wine makers see a possible solution to the problem of cork taint through adopting the tried and true method of sealing bottles with screw tops. However, many wineries are still playing it safe and sticking to corks for two reasons. First, there is the old belief among cork users that small amounts of oxygen are able to penetrate corks. This oxygen, they say, is necessary for the proper aging of fine wines, especially those aged 10 years or more. Screw tops do not allow for any oxygen to get into the bottles after they are sealed. Another problem arises from the image screw tops have with the public. In most people's minds, screw tops are only found on cheap, low-quality wines. It will take a lot of effort from wineries to re-educate the public if they want to change the image of screw tops. In addition, there is the problem of losing the romantic, elegant mood produced by the ceremonial popping of the cork. Consumers don't seem to feel the same thrill when unscrewing a top. Summary: The wine industry is facing a dilemma. What is the best way to 1 wine bottles? Many people think that it is only 2 for wine bottles to be sealed with corks. They think that oxygen needs to be able to penetrate the cork. Other experts, however, suggest that wineries change to 3 . Using corks can lead to cork taint, a bad taste in the wine caused by 4 4 However, it is unlikely that the public will accept this solution. They will most likely 5 buying wine with corks for the romantic image.
1.
seal
[解析] 本文主要介绍的就是酒瓶的密封问题。本题的考点也就是全文的中心。
2.
proper
[解析] 本空是说很多人认为使用软木塞密封酒瓶是适宜的，引起下文的转折内容。
3.
screw tops
[解析] 上文说很多人认为使用软木塞密封很好，本空处转折说，然而也有一些专家建议使用螺旋盖密封。
4.
mold
[解析] 文中说有些软木塞会发霉，影响酒的味道。mold霉菌。
5.
stick to
[解析] 尽管软木塞密封存在缺陷，人们还是愿意购买软木塞密封的红酒，因为外观浪漫。
Everyone knows about pollution in the environment. Water, air, and land are all polluted. This means that pollution is everywhere. Now, scientists are looking inside our bodies to find out about internal pollution. In 2003, the Environmental Working Group studied nine people to measure the chemicals in their bodies. These nine people had an average of 53 cancer-causing chemicals in their bodies. They also had an average of 62 chemicals that can damage the brain, and 55 that can harm babies in pregnant women. Even though a lot of chemicals were found in human bodies, the chemicals were found in small amounts. The amounts were small enough that they were probably not hurting the people. However, scientists are worried because most of these chemicals were created by humans. Most of these chemicals did not exist 75 years ago. This proves that we have not only polluted the world-we have polluted our own bodies! How does this pollution get into our bodies? We come into contact with many chemicals every day. For example, everyone uses soap, skin lotion, and shampoo. However, few people know that these products contain harmful chemicals, some of which may cause memory loss. Chemicals known as DEA (diethanolamine) and TEA (triethanolamine) may seep into the skin and stop us from absorbing a helpful nutrient called "choline". Choline is a nutrient that plays a crucial role in the memory cell making process in the developing brain. Some people worry that every time we wash our hair, we are decreasing our memories. Everyone knows they should brush their teeth regularly, but recent research has shown that some toothpastes can cause cancer. Fluoride is a key ingredient in many toothpastes. However, studies show that fluoride does not really protect our teeth. In fact, fluoride has been connected with bone cancer and other diseases. While we are trying to save our smiles, we could be damaging our health. Women are probably exposed to more chemicals than men because they use more beauty products. Recently, harmful chemicals have been found in nail polish, hair spray, deodorant, and perfume. The chemicals are called "phthalates". Studies on animals have shown that phthalates can damage the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Cosmetic companies say the amounts of phthalates in their products are safe, but consumer protection groups disagree. They say some women use so many products that the levels are actually high. So, the more women try to look beautiful, the more they could be harming their health. In a futuristic story by Ray Bradbury, a man found a pristine stream on a new planet. When he drank from the stream, he died! Why? His body was so polluted that pure water was a poison to him! Perhaps that is only science fiction, but it reminds us to take care of our bodies. We must find ways to reduce the pollution we absorb. Summary: Like our polluted environment, our bodies are no longer pollution-free. Scientists now know that there is pollution in our bodies. On 6 , we have 53 cancer-causing chemicals in our bodies. Even fluoride 7 with bone cancer and other diseases. Some common cosmetics contain small amounts of chemicals, which seep into our 8 when we use these products. They prevent us from absorbing the 9 our bodies need. So, it is 10 that we find ways to reduce the amount of chemicals in our bodies. We should remind our friends and families to take care of their bodies.
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