Part Ⅰ Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My Atti tude towards Fighting against Criminals. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. My Attitude towards Fighting against Criminals 1. 社会上不断发生犯罪案件的严重性; 2. 人们对犯罪现象不同的态度和我的态度; 3. 我对加强治安、促进社会安定团结的建议。
My Attitude towards Fighting against Criminals Today crime rate in our cities seems to be rising. Thefts, robberies, and murders are reported to take place even in the broad daylight. Facing crime tide, people may take different attitudes. Some feel frightened and prefer to turn a blind eye to the criminals. Others are resolute and dare to run risk at the cost of their lives in fighting with the criminals. They take it as their duty to protect the social law and order. As for me, I take the attitude of the latter. To ensure the social security and protect people's safety, I have some suggestions to make. First of all, the government should always keep a continuous law education among the people, especially, in the younger generations. Secondly, criminals should be punished severely. And finally, it is imperative to set up a public foundation system to award those who set merits in fighting criminals.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the ques tions on Answer Sheet 1. Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Inside a small chamber at a Kent State University laboratory, hamsters sleep, eat, play and rest while fluid flows in and out of tubes threaded through their tiny brains. It took biology professor J. Da vid Glass two years to set up the finicky dialysis system, which measures a key neurotransmitter in the biological clocks of these nocturnal rodents. His payoff came in 1996, when he became the first re searcher to measure serotonin levels rising and falling in the biological clock area of the brain during an animal's daily cycle. Serotonin is the "feel good" chemical manipulated by widely prescribed drugs such as Prozac. Meanwhile, in a larger chamber down the hall, Glass is monitoring tropical monkeys. He has found that exercise and arousal from sleep have major impacts on the biological rhythms of the monkeys, permanently shifting their clocks in the absence of normal daylight and darkness cues. Glass's research and that of others could have implications for the millions of people who take com monanti-depressants and other drugs that affect serotonin in the brain. It has long been known that the substance is a key player in the biological clock, and that the region has an unusually high concentration of receptors for the neurotransmitter. Glass's work is part of the fast-growing field of circadian (or daily) rhythm research focused on a region at the base of the brain, the size of a corn kernel, that scientists discovered 25 years ago is the body's timing mechanism. Like other animals and even plants, humans have built-in clocks that regulate internal functions on a 24-hour basis. For most mammals, the clocks trigger sleep and waking, as well as metabolism, hor mone levels, body temperature and many other changes. This is a particularly exciting time for circadian-rhythm researchers. In recent times, scientists at universities in Illinois, Texas and Japan have found genes involved with the clock, including one that appears to be a basic building block of the mechanism and is common across all species, from fruit flies to humans. Meanwhile, researchers like Glass, whose work has attracted US $1.2 million (9.6 mil lion RMB) in grants from the National Institute of Health, are trying to understand how the clock works. Sitting on top of the optic nerve, the clock is heavily influenced by light. But other factors, too, are involved in resetting the mechanism, most notably physical activity and substances like serotonin. Glass and his students found that, when lights in the hamster chamber were switched off, the serotonin levels in the rodents'clock region shot up: hamsters are nocturnal, meaning they rest during the day and are awake at night. But when hamsters in the midst of their sleep cycle were put onto an activity wheel, a significant rise in serotonin levels was measured in those hamsters that woke up enough to ex ercise. It has long been known that serotonin is key to body clock function, according to Thomas Wehr, a scientist at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Researchers at the Mary land Institute took cells from the clock region of the brain, sprinkled serotonin on them and, by monito ring electrical impulses, watched the cells "reset" themselves. "There are certain drugs used with humans that have also been squirted on these cells in dishes and have been shown to reset the clock in the dish, so it seems quite possible there are similar effects in hu mans who take these drugs. "Wehr says. Indeed, some people taking anti-depressants do report sleep disorders such as insomnia or daytime drowsiness that could be related to changes in their biological clocks. Human studies have yet to focus on the issue. Studies have found that serotonin affects the clock in different ways, depending on the point in the cell's daily cycle that it is administered. Glass recently completed an experiment using marmosets, small monkeys native to Central and South America. Researchers moved a sleeping marmoset to anoth er cage, then monitored it as it scurried around its new environment. After this burst of activity, the marmoset shifted its cycles forward or backward a few hours, and they remained shifted, apparently in definitely. Cycles were pushed back when the disruption occurred early in the sleep period; they shifted forward when the disruption occurred late in the cycle. According to Glass, the experiment demonstrates what scientists have known anecdotally for a long time: that exercise, when performed at certain times, shifts our clocks. Exercise has long been recommended to speed recovery from jet lag, for example. That may be because exercise boosts serotonin. Glass found he could mimic the effect of the arousal experiment by injecting a serotonin like drug and believes the findings suggest something similar could be expected in people. "We're getting closer and closer to making the link that humans can adjust their circadian clock through natural means such as exercise, "Glass says.
1. Prozac is the "feel good" chemical manipulated by widely prescribed drugs.
Y
由第一段最后一句：“Serotonin is the feel good chemical manipulated by widely prescribed drugs such as prozac”，可知本题答案为“Y”。
2. For most mammals, metabolism, hormone levels, body temperature and many other changes are not triggered by clocks.
N
由第五段最后一句“For most mammals，the clocks trigger sleep and walking，as well as me tabolism，hormone levels，body temperature and many other changes．”可知本题答案为“N”。
3. Light is one of the important factors that influence the clock.
Y
从第七段首句“Sitting on top of the optic nerve，the clock is heavily influenced by light”可知本题答案为“Y”。
4. According to the passage, monkeys, like human beings are worried about the change of clocks that triggered the body nerve.
NG
本文没有涉及此内容。
5. Insomnia or daytime drowsiness that related biological clocks were not focused on by human studies.
N
本文倒数第三段提到“Human studies have yet to focus on the issue”，这里的“issue”就是指“Insomnia or daytime drowsiness”，所以本题答案为“N”。
6. When the disruption occured in the cycle, cycles were pushed back.
N
文中倒数第二段“Cycles were pushed back when the disruption occurred early in the sleep period”，由此可知本题答案为“N”。
7. The clock, however, can be affected by serotonin in different ways, depending on the point in the cell's daily cycle.
Y
文中倒数第二段首句“studies have found that serotonin affects the clock in different ways， depending on the point in the cell's daily cycle．”由此可知本题答案为“Y”。
8. But when hamsters in the midst of their sleep cycle were put onto an activity wheel, ______.
a significant rise in serotonin levels was measured in those hamsters
9. Glass has found that ______ have major impacts on the biological rhythms of the monkeys.
exercise and arousal from sleep.
10. Exercise has long been recommended to ______.
speed recovery from jet leg.
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
[解析] W: I'm sure glad that today's physics class is over! What did you think of the lecture? M: I was lost. I couldn't follow a word Professor Smith said. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] W: So I told Jane you'd get back to her before you got the concert tickets. M: OK. I'll give her a call as soon as I finish my sociology paper. Q: What will the man probably do first?
D.He has already picked her up at the bus station.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: I hope I'll be able to find Fred's sister at the bus station. All I know is that she's got brown hair and blue eyes. M: I could go with you. I met her a couple of years ago. Q: What does the man imply about Fred's sister?
[解析] M: There must be some mistake... I didn't order the baked flounder. W: I'm so sorry. That's right.., you had the crab cakes. I'll take care of it right away. Q: What can be inferred about the woman?
B.He hopes to meet the woman at the student center.
C.He was too sick to work on his paper.
D.He's been busy working on his paper.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: I haven't seen you at the student center all week. Have you been sick? M: I've been overwhelmed with my history paper. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] M: We thought we'd all go out for lunch today. Can you be ready to leave at one o'clock? W: I have to pick up my car and do a couple of other errands, so I'll just come straight to the restaurant. Q: What will the woman do?
[解析] 19-22 W: I haven't seen you here for a couple of weeks. Have you stopped eating or something? M: No. Does it look like I've stopped eating? I've been spending a lot of time in the library. W: Working on a paper? M: I wish I was working on a paper! I'm working on three different papers: anthropology, English lit, and history. W: Wow, that is a lot of work. M: Yeah, and what's frustrating is that I'm studying the nineteenth century British Empire in all three classes, but I can't just write a single paper for all three. W: Why not? M: The professors won't let me. Even if I make it three times as long as the suggested length. W: That's too bad. Could you write your papers on three aspects of one topic? M: Hmmm. What do you mean? Do you have something in mind? W: Well, let's see. Hmm... Maybe you could do something with Romanticism, like, ohh.., write your anthropology paper on the cultural basis of Romanticism, and, uh, your history paper on the influence of the Romantic poets on British foreign policy, and, OK, and your English paper on an analysis of some Romantic poems. M: Hey, that's not a bad idea! I've already started the research for one of the papers, so I can use that. What can I do to repay you? W: You want to write up my chemistry lab for me? M: I'd love to, but I've never taken chemistry, so I'm not sure you'd like the results. W: Oh well, no thanks necessary then. Have a good weekend, and try to get out of the library and get some sleep. You have big circles under your eyes. M: OK, I'll try. See you later. 19. What has the man been busy doing all week?
[解析] 23-25 M: Hey, Michelle. Look what I just found. Right here in the sand. W: A piece of wood? Oh. Driftwood. Interesting shape... Almost like some sort of modern sculpture. M: Yeah. And feel how smooth it is. W: Hmm, Must've been in the water a long time. It could've been drifting in the ocean currents for months, or even years. M: In the currents? Doesn't the wind just blow things around out there? W: Well, sure. But the currents are always moving, too. Almost like rivers, but underwater rivers, flowing through the ocean. M: So how do they find out where these currents go? Stick a message in a bottle and throw it in the water? W: Don't laugh. In fact, I was reading in a science magazine that oceanographers have released huge numbers of bottles into the ocean over the years. They wanted to map out where the currents would carry them. M: Say, I'll bet-after they found out where all those bottles ended up-they could enter all that data in to a computer and make a pretty detailed model to... to show where the currents go. W: In fact, they did. And they also found a neat way to test that model. There was a freighter carrying sneakers from a factory in Asia. It was caught in a big storm and thousands of pairs of sneakers got dumped in the Pacific Ocean. M: Really? What a waste! W: Yeah. Turns out, though, that hundreds of these shoes started washing up on beaches somewhere near Seattle, just about where the computer models had predicted the currents would carry them. M: Gee. You mean all that stuff I find on the beaches might be part of some big scientific experiment? I thought it was all just trash! 23. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-28 In many places, ice is as widely used as bread, and it would be surprising indeed if ice did not give birth to many special phrases. The expression, "to break the ice," meant, to make your first move, to do something for the first time; it was not possible until the ice was broken. Later, the expression developed another meaning, covering a relationship between people. When you have not broken the ice with someone, you have not yet cleared the way to his trust in you, to his friendship. You must get through to him, just as the small boats had to clear the river's ice jam. When you tell someone that he "cuts no ice" with you, you are making certain things clear to him—that you are not moved or impressed or influenced by him in any way. You are putting it to him straight--that he is getting nowhere with you. "Skating on thin ice" is something else again. This means that a man may be doing or saying some thing risky. It might be offensive and get him into trouble. Thin ice is not much support; if he is not more careful, he may sink right through. In sports or any other kind of contest, you will hear the phrase, "The game is on ice"or"It is iced up." This simply means that the game is really over, that one side is so far ahead that the other cannot catch up. There is no longer any doubt as who the winner will be. 26. What is the meaning of "Skating on thin ice"?
整篇文章介绍与冰有关的成语，所以对每条成语文章都有详细解释。从句子“This means that a man may be doing or saying something risky. It might be offensive and get him into trouble. Thin ice is not much support；if he is not more careful，he may sink right through．”可以理解skating on thin ice 的意思是B。
2.
A.You will not persuade him.
B.You are getting nowhere with him.
C.You cannot sell your ice to him.
D.You should not waste time cutting ice with him.
A B C D
B
[解析] When somebody tell you that you will "cut no ice" with him, what does he mean?
从句子“When you tell someone that he' cuts no ice' with you，you are making certain things clear to him—that you are not moved or impressed or influenced by him in any way. 可以理解答案是B，而且随后的句子表达与题目的表达一样，进一步明确了答案。
3.
A.The game is on ice.
B.Skating on thin ice.
C.To cut no ice.
D.To break the ice.
A B C D
A
[解析] When the game is really over, which idiom can we use?
[解析] 29-31 M: Do you think people today do a good job of planning for financial emergencies? W: Well, I think most people want to have a secure future. Um, however, the information th. ey need, urn, to achieve financial security isn't at their fingertips. Um, OK, for example, well, they need to establish their goals, for instance, how much money do you need to live on, what would be a basic amount that you need to live on? They have to take these things like whether they want to pay for their children to go to college, which college they're going to go to, um, and many people in the baby boomer group are faced with having to care for a parent, which is an added expense and has to be, urn, considered in any future financial decision. M: Then how much money do you think people need to save for themselves? W: Well, the thing is, you should have 3--6 months of monthly salary saved, so whatever your monthly salary is you should have enough to pay your expenses for 3—6 months without any income. M: And then in addition to that, most of us need to plan for college, retirement, taking care of parents, etc. e W: Uh-huh. And the kinds of things that rise up unexpectedly, for example, like the water heater blowing up or the car not starting in the morning. M: So, what's the biggest mistake people make? W: Well, they tend to live from paycheck to paycheck. And when something unexpectedly occurs, if they don't have someone to help, they just go deeper and deeper into debt, you fall further and further behind in your payments. Or, it gets so bad that you lose everything, like what has happened to many people who are forced into homelessness and are there because their debts became overwhelming. M: So, if you could give people one piece of advice to make their financial future more secure, what would you suggest? W: Younger people often spend every last cent that they earn. They live from paycheck to paycheck. After they pay their bills, they complain that there's nothing left over to save. The best advice I can give is to say "Pay yourself first. ' When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it, even $10 a week. That's giving up a movie, and one stop at a fast food restaurant. Let's say you start with $ 3000, and you add $10 a week to that at a pretty reasonable rate of 13% a year. In 60 years you'll have 5.6 million dollars. That's pretty amazing, isn't it? 29. According to the woman, how much money should people save for themselves?
对话讨论花钱问题，问题是该存多少钱，根据上下文内容“you should have 3—6 months of monthly salary saved，so whatever your monthly salary is you should have enough to pay your expenses for 3—6 months without any income．”可以判断答案是A。
2.
A.They do not think $10 is a large sum of money.
B.They sacrifice movie, beer for bank deposit.
C.They seldom have fixed deposit.
D.They tend to live from paycheck to paycheck.
A B C D
D
[解析] What's the biggest mistake people make?
问题是人们花钱时最大的错误是什么，女的回答“they tend to live from paycheck to pay check”，这个信息在上下文里出现多次，可以明确答案是D。
3.
A.Take more education and make yourself promoted quickly.
B.When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it.
C.Lend money from bank when you want to prepare for the future.
A.represented a serious question as to the need for the statue
B.was a put-on by a journalist
C.raised a great deal of money
D.poked fun at the French
A B C D
D
[解析] 32-35 Do you know America's most famous woman is the Goddess of liberty, i. e., the Statue of Liberty? It was conceived in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to honor liberty and friendship. It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America celebrated its centennial. Fund raising and manufacture of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York. Americans were initially embarrassed for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind schedule. One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then auctioned of. Mark Twain wrote a "tongue in-cheek" letter suggesting that Miss Liberty didn't deserve a statue. The base and statue, together 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a technical standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His designs for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the principle utilized in modern aircraft. After a century, the monument began to show signs of deterioration. Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with renovation. A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial. Liberty is still popular in France and the United States. 32. Mark Twain's letter about the Statue of Liberty.
C.locating the statue without disrupting harbor traffic
D.keeping the flame lit
A B C D
B
[解析] French engineering genius is seen in the Statue of Liberty in.
细节题，短文中提到建筑师设计的塑像外壳正是现代飞机设计中大量用到的原理。
4.
A.they took so long to raise the money
B.it was apparent the statue was mislocated
C.its design was tasteless
D.they felt that the concept was a waste of money
A B C D
A
[解析] The Statue of Liberty's development embarrassed Americans in the 1880s because.
本题解题思路与33题相似。
Section C Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. From 1760s onwards, there was a great change in the way people lived. Machines were 1 that could make things much faster than the old 2 did. The people left their homes and small workshops to go to the big new factories. 3 the machines drew the 4 from the countryside into the towns to find work. This process became known as the Industrial 5 . As the people flocked into the towns, the towns grew into large, dirty and industrial cities. People lived in 6 and unhealthy conditions. The water was often polluted, there were no 7 drains or sewers, and the air was filled with smoke. 8 . The factories gave off other fumes as well as smoke, adding to the health hazards of living in the city. 9 . They fell from the air and 10 . This kind of pollution continued until the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968 stopped most of it. 11 ?
[解析] 36-46 From 1760s onwards, there was a great change in the way people lived. Machines were invented that could make things much faster than the old craftsman did. The people left their homes and small workshops to go to the big new factories. Gradually the machines drew the population from the countryside into the towns to find work. This process became known as the Industrial Revolution. As the people flocked into the towns, the towns grew into large, dirty and industrial cities. People lived in overcrowded and unhealthy conditions. The water was often polluted, there were no proper drains or sewers, and the air was filled with smoke. The smoke came partly from the fires that was all the people had to keep themselves warm and partly from the factory chimneys. The factories gave off other fumes as well as smoke, adding to the health hazards of living in the city. With the smoke came pollutants. They fell from the air and left a black layer over everything. This kind of pollution continued until the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968 stopped most of it. We seem to live in better conditions these days, but is industry really any cleaner?
2.
craftsman
3.
population
4.
Revolution
5.
overcrowded
6.
overcrowded
7.
proper
8.
The smoke came partly from the fires all the people had to keep themselves warm and partly from the factory chimneys.
9.
With the smoke came pollutants
10.
left a black layer over everything
11.
We seem to live in better conditions these days, but is industry really any cleaner?
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions:In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Belle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a joystick as the watched a horizontal series of lights on a display panel. She knew that if a light suddenly shone and she moved the joystick left or right to correspond to its position, she would be sent a drop of fruit juice into her mouth. Belle wore a cap glued to her head. Under it were four plastic connectors, which fed arrays of mi crowires-each wire finer than the finest sewing thread-into different regions of Belle's motor cortex, the brain tissue that plans movements and sends instructions. Each of the 100 microwires lay beside a single motor neuron. When a neuron produced an electrical discharge, the adjacent microwire would capture the current and send it up through a small wiring bundle that ran from Belle's cap to a box of electronics on a table next to the booth. The box, in turn, was linked to two computers, one next door and the other half a country away. After months of hard work, we were about to test the idea that we could reliably translate the raw electrical activity in living being's brain-Belle's mere thoughts-into signals that could direct the actions of a robot. We had assembled a multijointed robot arm in this room, away from belle's view, that she would control for the first time. As soon as Belle's brain sensed a lit spot on the panel, electronics in the box running two real-time mathematical models would rapidly analyze the tiny action potentials produced by her brain cells. Our lab computer would convert the electrical patterns that would direct the robot arm. Six hundred miles north, in Cambridge, Mass, a different computer would produce the same actions in another robot arm built by Mandayam A. Srinvasan. If we had done everything correctly, the two robot arms would behave as Belle's arm did, at exactly the same time. Finally the moment came. We randomly switched on lights in front of Belle, and she immediately moved her joystick back and forth to correspond to them. Our robot arm moved similarly to Belle's real arm. So did Srinivasan' s Belle and the robots moved in synchrony, like dancers choreographed by the electrical impulses sparking inn Belle's mind. In the two years since that day, our labs and several others have advanced neuroscience, computer science and microelectronics to create ways for rats, monkeys and eventually humans to control mechanical and electronic machines purely by "thinking through," or imagining, the motions. Our immediate goal is to help a person who has been unable to move by a neurological disorder or spinal cord injury, but whose motor cortex is spared, to operate a wheelchair or a robotic limb.
1. How would Belle be fed some fruit juice?
Moved the joystick to the side of the light.
2. What kind of science is used in our labs?
Neuroscience, computer science and microelectronics.
3. According to the second paragraph, where did the wires fix under the cap Belle wore were connected to?
A box which, in turn, was linked to two computers.
4. How far was Belle from robot arm?
Six hundred.
5. What's their final goal?
To control mechanical and electronic machines purely by "thinking through."
6. What indicates the success of the experiment about the two robot arms and Belle? (the 4th paragraph)
They corresponded to the lights at the same rate.
7. Who was the final aim of the research to help?
Unable to move but whose motor cortex is not damaged.
8. What's the function of those micro-wires mentioned in 2nd Para?
Send instructions to Belle's brain issue.
Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One As the U.S. finds itself increasingly interwinded with its global partners, keeping alive its commitment to free trade will prove crucial to future expansion. The world owes much of its current prosperity to postwar efforts aimed at dismantling commercial barriers; over the last five years, international trade has led to economic growth, climbing at an average rate of 6.4 percent, compared with a 3.1 percent in world production and consumption. But efforts to open markets further have slowed as many countries have moved to protect endangered industries. The U.S. has been guilty as well, restricting imports of automobiles, steel and textiles. Any rebound in trade deficits may make new protectionist measures hard to resist. While Washington needs outside cooperation to solve economic problems, its enthusiasm for working with other nations has always waxed and waned. The low point was reached during President Reagan's terms, when foreign governments voiced alarm over the over buoyant dollar and America's budget deficit, the administration shrugged off the complaints with a lecture on supply-side economics. On balance, though, the recent trend has been toward closer consultation among the U. S. and its principal trading partners, particularly on intervention in world currency markets to stabilize exchange rates. If anything, the importance of multilateral negotiation seems destined to grow as the world's economic geography continues to change. For instance, Japan, already flush with funds, is poised to assume a larger financial role in such global organizations as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. And the Mastricht Treaty to integrate the European Union will further reshape the global order. Where America technological know-how and marketing power once dominated world markets, Americans now find themselves jockeying for business amid a throng of muscular new rivals. The U. S. must learn to compete as one among equals or fall behind.
2. According to the passage, what can be inferred from the statistics that shows international trade climbing at 6.4% against a 3.1% rise in production and consumption in the past five years?
A.tariff barriers must be dismantled.
B.World production and consumption lead to economic growth.
Passage Two There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the season al changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or unveiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved our of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division, was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition, there were per formers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun —as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blank provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. Complaining about faulty goods or bad service are never easy. 65. ______ Most people dislike making a fuss. But if something you have bought is faulty or does not do that was claimed for it, you are 66. ______ not asking a favor to get it put right. It is the shopkeeper's responsibility to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article or put right poor service, because he is the person with whom you entered into an agreement. 67. ______ Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any bill you may have. In a small store the assistant may also be the 68. ______ owner since you can complain directly. In a chain store, ask to 69. ______ see the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your inquiry, otherwise you may never find out who deals with the complaint late. 70. ______ Even the bravest person finds difficult to stand up in a group 71. ______ of people to complain, so if you do not want to do it by person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you 72. ______ write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers but you should not need giving receipts or other papers to prove you 73. ______ bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Being sure to keep copies of 74. ______ your own letters and any you receive.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题