Ⅰ. 重写句子Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. Electric cars are becoming more popular. They cause less pollution and save more energy. (compound sentence)
Electric cars are becoming more popular, for they cause less pollution and save more energy.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成并列句。题目中的两个句子之间是因果关系,第一个句子表示结果,第二个句子表示原因。英语中多是结论在前,叙述在后,所以只需要用表示因果关系的连词for将两句话连接起来即可,两个句子仍保持原来顺序。
2. The young man was very excited when he got the job offer from that famous company. (simple sentence)
The young man was very excited to get the job offer from that famous company.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成简单句。由于when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,所以可以将when以及从句的主语he改成to,构成be excited to do sth. 的固定用法,意为“做某事很高兴”,进而构成一个简单句。但是需要注意的是,此处的to表示不定式,其后跟的应是动词原形,所以got应改为get。
3. Phelps has won the most Olympic gold medals. He is believed to be the greatest swimmer in the world. (complex sentence)
Phelps, who has won the most Olympic gold medals, is believed to be the greatest swimmer in the world.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成复合句。题目中第二个句子中的he指代的就是第一个句子的主语Phelps,两个句子的主语相同,所以可以把第一个句子改写成用who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰Phelps,进而构成复合句。
4. There's no time for you to change the topic. There's no time for you to rewrite from the beginning. (parallel structure)
There's no time for you to change the topic or to rewrite from the beginning.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成合有平行结构的句子。题目中的两个句子都含有相同的成分There's no time for you,不同的内容只在于其后的不定式,所以只需要保留一个相同的成分,然后用连接词or将不定式连接起来即可。
5. Dolly made her first public appearance at age 16. She was warmly welcomed and became a local star. (complex sentence)
When Dolly made her first public appearance at age 16, she was warmly welcomed and became a local star.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成复合句。题目中的两个句子有时间先后关系,第一个句子发生的动作在前,第二个句子发生的动作在后,因此可以在第一个句子前加上when,使第一个句子作时间状语从句,这样,两个句子就构成了复合句,同时注意when的首字母要大写。
6. To be a lawyer is still my dream though I'm satisfied with my current job. (periodic sentence)
Although/Though I'm satisfied with my current job, to be a lawyer is still my dream.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成掉尾句。掉尾句的中心意思放在句尾,修饰语放在句首。因此可以把让步状语从句“though I'm satisfied with my current job”置于句首,同时注意though的首字母要大写。
7. Jack moved to Paris. He lost contact with most of his former friends. (complex sentence)
After Jack moved to Paris, he lost contact with most of his former friends.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成复合句。题目中的两个句子之间存在时间先后关系,第二个句子的动作发生在第一个句子的动作之后,所以可以在第一个句子之前加上连词after,构成复合句,同时注意after的首字母要大写。
8. David made a beautiful musical album. He gave it to his girlfriend as a birthday gift. (simple sentence)
David made a beautiful musical album and gave it to his girlfriend as a birthday gift.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成简单句。题目中第二个句子中的he指代的就是第一个句子中的主语David,所以可以把第二个句子中的he省略,用and将两个谓语连接起来,构成简单句。
9. Computers can perform many tasks nowadays. Computers cannot replace people or behave the way a human mind works. (complex sentence)
Although/Though computers can perform many tasks nowadays, they cannot replace people or behave the way a human mind works.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成复合句。题目中的两个句子之间存在让步关系,主要强调的是第二个句子的内容,所以可以在第一个句子前面加上although或者though,使第一个句子成为让步状语从句,进而使两个句子构成复合句,同时注意第一个单词的首字母要大写。
10. Virtual reality, unlike real reality, enables us to experience things through the computer. Those things don't really exist. Virtual reality will probably change our thinking patterns. (compound-complex sentence)
Virtual reality, unlike real reality, enables us to experience through the computer things that/which don't really exist, and it will probably change our thinking patterns.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成并列复合句。题目中共有三个分句,其中第一个分句和第三个分句之间是并列关系,并且主语相同,所以可以把第三个分句中的主语改成指示代词it,用and将两个分句连接起来,构成并列句。第二个分句是对第一个分句中的things的解释说明,所以可以把第二个分句改写成that或者which引导的定语从句,修饰things,构成复合句。
Ⅱ. 修改句子Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. Mothers want to keep working usually find that they are facing strong pressure to balance between work and family.
Mothers who want to keep working usually find that they are facing strong pressure to balance between work and family.
[解析] 本题考查串句的修改。该句逻辑混乱、表意不清,句中有两个谓语动词,因此应该在want前面加上一个引导词who,使who want to keep working作定语从句,修饰mothers。
2. A recent study shows that reading in print is better for understanding than to read on a Kindle or other electronic devices.
A recent study shows that reading in print is better for understanding than reading on a Kindle or other electronic devices.
[解析] 本题考查平行结构的修改。than前后的形式需保持一致,所以应该把than后的不定式to read改成reading。
3. Humans, like other animals, have a biological clock that tells us when to sleep and when to eat, our bodies are controlled by the clock in many ways.
Humans, like other animals, have a biological clock that tells us when to sleep and when to eat, and our bodies are controlled by the clock in many ways.
[解析] 本题考查串句的修改。英语中的串句就是错误地把两个或两个以上的独立句连接起来,而没有使用连词或标点符号连接。题目中是两个独立句,且两句话之间存在并列关系,所以应该使用连词and将两句话连接起来。
4. While watching the movie, sweet memories of the days in the forest with her father were brought to mind.
While she was watching the movie, sweet memories of the days in the forest with her father were brought to mind.
[解析] 本题考查垂悬修饰语的修改。题目中垂悬修饰语的逻辑主语和主句的主语并不一致,主句的主语是sweet memories,垂悬修饰语的主语是she,一个是物,一个是人,所以不能直接使用watching,而应该在其前面加上主语和谓语,即改为she was watching。
5. Thousands of people register for continuing education classes each year. To learn new skills or to improve their lives.
Thousands of people register for continuing education classes each year to learn new skills or to improve their lives.
[解析] 本题考查破句的修改。该题是由不定式结构构成的破句。不定式结构to learn new skills or to improve their lives并不是一个独立的句子,不能使用句号将其隔开。所以应该将句号删除,把to的首字母变成小写形式,使其和前面的句子构成完整的一句话。
Ⅲ. 辨认主题句2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
The very act of stepping outside of your comfort zone is critical to your success. Our brains are wired such that it's difficult to take action until we feel at least some stress and discomfort. In fact, performance peaks when we're well out of our comfort zone. If you're too comfortable, your performance suffers from inaction; if you move too far outside of your comfort zone, you melt down from stress. Stepping outside of your comfort zone makes you better, and it doesn't have to be something as extreme as climbing Mount Everest. It's the everyday challenges that push your boundaries the most, none of which require a flight to Nepal. Just embrace these challenges since no one has ever accomplished anything remarkable when comfortable.
The very act of stepping outside of your comfort zone is critical to your success.
[解析] 段落主题句代表的是整个段落的中心思想,是对整个段落的总结和概括。段落主题句往往是该段的第一句话或最后一句话。该段第一句表明,走出你的舒适区对你的成功至关重要。以下内容均是对这句话的具体描述和解释,因此第一句话是该段的主题句。
Ⅳ. 重新组合段落1. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in a proper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. Keysar said that all this has to do with how foreign languages affect our emotions.
B. That is, people's reactions are stronger when they use emotion-related words in their native tongue.
C. In others words, they're more likely to kill one person to save five—at least supposedly.
D. This we learned from Boaz Keysar, whose research has shown that using a foreign language affects how people make decisions when faced with moral dilemmas.
E. Thinking and speaking in a foreign language affects our decision-making.
F. Even though love and amour have exactly the same meaning, if you're a native English speaker, you still get a lot more out of love.
G. If, for example, you ask people whether they would shoot a bus driver to stop him from running over five people—sacrificing one person to save five—respondents are more likely to choose shooting the driver if asked in a foreign language than in their native language.
H. But when people use a foreign language, they're more likely to engage in cost-benefit analysis, and less likely to be affected by all sorts of emotional reactions.
[解析] E项讲的是用外国语言的方式思考和说话会影响我们做决定,这是一个总的概括性的句子,应该放在段首,所以第一个空应该选E。D项讲的是这是我们从Boaz Keysar身上学到的东西,他的研究表明当面临道德困境时,使用外国语言会影响人们做决定的方式,D项和E项之间存在顺承关系,D项中的this指代的就是E项中的结论,故D项应该排在E项的后面。G项举了一个例子来说明作者的观点,A项讲的是这一切都和外国语言影响我们情绪的方式有关,这句话是对G项的进一步总结说明,故A项应该排在G项的后面。C项讲的是也就是说,他们更可能通过枪杀一人来挽救5个人的性命,至少按照推测应该是这样的。H项讲的是当人们使用外国语言时,他们更可能进行成本效益分析,不太可能受到情绪反应的影响。C项是对H项的进一步补充说明,两句话表示的是相同的意思,故H项应该排在C项的前面。F项讲的是尽管love和amour这两个单词具有完全相同的意思,但如果你是一个以英语为母语的人,你仍会从love这个词申明白更多。B项讲的是也就是说,当他们使用本地语言说出与情绪相关的单词时,人们的反应会更加强烈。B项既承接F项的内容,也引出了H项的内容,其中B项的in their native tongue与H项的use a foreign language相对应,敌B项应该排在F项和H项之间。
Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子1. Read the following paragraph and cross out TWO irrelevant sentences.
The Arctic is shaping up to be one of the most strategically important regions in the 21st century. However, while Russia has been steadily building its Arctic capabilities, the U.S. nearly lost its only heavy polar icebreaker on an Antarctica deployment. Russia plans on adding two icebreaking patrol ships armed with cruise missiles by 2020. Thankfully, the U.S. government is beginning to take this gap seriously and there are actions the government can take to accelerate this revitalization (振兴). First, the Coast Guard should consider purchasing foreign-built icebreakers. Also, Congress can work with the Coast Guard to facilitate more efficient business practices. Foreign-built icebreakers could be significantly less expensive. Finally, the government should increase the Coast Guard's total acquisition budget. If Congress and the executive branch do not act quickly to reverse the current trends, then the U.S. is partially losing the opportunity to be a key player in this strategic region.
Russia plans on adding two icebreaking patrol ships armed with cruise missiles by 2020.
Foreign-built icebreakerd could be significantly less espensive.
[解析] 本段大意为:北极正在发展成21世纪最具战略意义的地区之一。然而,当俄罗斯一直在稳步发展其在北极地区的能力时,美国在一次南极部署中几乎失去了它唯一的重型极地破冰船。谢天谢地,美国政府开始认真对待这个差距,并且政府可以采取一些措施来加速复兴的进程。首先,海岸警卫队应该考虑购买国外制造的破冰船。此外,国会可以和海岸警卫队联手,共同推进更高效的业务往来。最后,政府应该增加海岸警卫队收购预算总额。如果国会和行政机构不迅速采取行动来扭转当前的趋势,那么美国在一定程度上就正失去成为这一战略地区主要玩家的机会。根据本段大意可知,“Russia plans on adding two icebreaking patrol ships armed with cruise missiles by 2020.”和“Foreign-built icebreakers could be significantly less expensive.”与本段主题无关,故删除。
Ⅵ. 写信1. Write a letter of thanks according to the following situation: Your friend sent you a birthday gift from abroad. Write to him/her to express your appreciation, explain why you like the gift and ask about his/her situation. Please sign your name as Li Fei. (150-200 words)
June 23, 2016
Dear Anna,
I'm so happy to get the birthday gift you sent me. I'm so happy that you still remember my birthday. Thank you so much for your kindness and the surprise.
The scarf you chose for me is very beautiful and fashionable. Both its color and style are my favorite. Yesterday evening I wore it at my colleague get-together and it matched my blue dress very well. My colleagues all said that I looked stylish and elegant in the scarf. I think it's suitable for casual wear and office dress as well. You always know what is best for me!
How is your life in America? Have you decided whether to continue your study or to work? Anyway, I'm sure you can make the right choice. By the way, our classmates are planning a gathering in July next year. Will you join us? We haven't seen each other for five years since graduation!
Looking forward to hearing from yon. I can't wait to see you.
Yonrs
Li Fei
[解析] 本题要求写一封感谢信,信中的内容包括:表达自己的感谢之情;阐述自己喜欢这份生日礼物的原因;询问对方的近况。写信时要有日期和称呼,最后要表达祝愿之情,同时要注意签署姓名的时候不要用自己的名字,要用Li Fei来代替。