Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Graduates on the Job Market. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and outline given below:
1. 描述右图所示高校毕业生的起薪情况 2．分析这一现象产生的原因 3．如何提高高校毕业生就业竞争力 College Graduates on the Job Market
As is shown in the pie chart, 65% of college graduates are paid only between 1,000 and 2,000 yuan monthly, compared with a mere 15% getting entry-level salaries of over 2,000 yuan. It mirrors the fact that university graduates no longer have an edge on the job market. What has contributed to the low income of the so-called unusually lucky people? In the first place, with the coming of the boom of college education, more university graduates have been turned out, sometimes even at the expense of the education quality. As a result, the job market for the graduates is getting tighter and tighter. In the second place, companies are simply unwilling to handsomely pay recruits who are short of working experience and unable to bring about much benefit. Then, how can we enhance college population's competitive power? In my view, universities ought to gear their education to the demand of the society rather than just have a mass production of ivory- towered graduates. Beyond that, what the university students should do is to improve their overall capacity so as to achieve career security as well as financial security when the day of graduation comes.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Pollutants are substances which, when present at high enough concentrations, produce harmful effects on people and/or the environment. Sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide is produced when coal and oil are burnt or when minerals are "roasted" to remove the sulfur. In some countries, particularly in the northern hemisphere, coal and oil contain significant amounts of sulfur. Unless special steps are taken to remove sulfur dioxide, it is released into the atmosphere. Power stations and industrial plants, which are often sited close to cities, can produce large quantities of the gas. As well as affecting human health, sulfur dioxide can be harmful to plants, turning leaves yellow and drying, bleaching, and even killing, foliage. In the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide can form acidic particles, or react with cloud droplets, contributing to acid rain. Particles Particles in the air come from a number of sources, including motor vehicles, industrial processes and wood burning. Secondary formation of particles (formation from gaseous emissions ) can also contribute significantly to particle levels. Some atmospheric particles are from natural sources. These include wind-blown dust, pollen, sea salt, and material from volcanic eruptions. Fine particles (particles with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less) can be inhaled deeply into the lungs and have been associated with a wide range of adverse respiratory symptoms. Long-and short-term exposure to such particles has been linked with increased deaths from heart and lung disease. Lead compounds, which are emitted by motor vehicles fuelled with leaded petrol, are cumulative poisons. They slowly build up in the body. Urban haze Urban haze is mainly due to fine particles, which cause scattering or absorption of light. Haze is typically brown and limits visibility. Studies by CSIRO scientists have found that there are several types of particles present in haze in Australian cities: organic carbon compounds, elemental carbon or soot, salt, sulfates, nitrates and dust. Photochemical smog Sometimes, under certain meteorological conditions, the combined effects of a number of air pollutants are worse than the individual effects. Photochemical smog, sometimes seen as a whitish haze present over cities during summer, is an example of this. Photochemical smog is formed on still days when the sun shines on air containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen. Volatile organic compounds include hydrocarbons, as well as alcohols, aldehydes and ethers. VOCs in the air arise mainly from automotive fuels and industrial solvents. Chemical reactions driven by sunlight and involving VOCs and oxides of nitrogen form ozone, a gas harmful to humans, animals and plants. Air quality indoors Australians on average spend about ninety-five percent of their time indoors and many pollutants occur at higher concentrations indoors than outdoors because of the materials and appliances used in buildings. Many people's main exposure to air pollutants occurs when they are indoors, such as at home, in the workplace or in entertainment venues. Researchers are working towards measuring individual exposure to pollutants. That is, a measure of the actual exposure that people have to air pollutants during their daily routines, rather than measures of pollution at fixed locations. CSIRO regularly uses personal air pollution detectors, which monitor concentrations of pollutants that people breathe. The inexpensive samplers offer scientists, environmentalists, engineers and others a simple but accurate way of measuring selected pollutants in air. The sampler, based on a Swedish design, is small and requires no electricity so is ideal for remote use. Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and other gases can be measured with the device. Acid rain Pure rainwater is slightly acidic, primarily because of dissolved carbon dioxide. Air also contains naturally occurring organic acids and acidic particles. The pH of unpolluted rainwater ranges from about 6 to just below 5. Fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes release into the air compounds containing oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. These compounds may then dissolve in cloud droplets, making rainwater more acidic. As well, sulfur-and nitrogen-containing particles may mix through the atmosphere, eventually coming into direct contact with the ground and vegetation. In other words, the pollutants can reach the ground in a wet or dry form. Both forms can harm soil, lakes, plants, buildings and people. Acidic pollutants released by one country can travel hundreds, or even thousands, of kilometres before being deposited. Acid rain is a real problem in Scandinavian countries, a large fraction being due to pollution released by other European countries. There is more industrial activity in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. Industry also tends to be concentrated in particular regions. This is why acid rain problems are worse in the northern hemisphere. The main regions affected are north-western Europe and eastern United States and Canada. Japan and parts of China also have acidity problems. Air pollution in Australia Compared with cities such as Los Angeles, Mexico City and Athens, air pollution problems in Australia are minor. In part, this is due to the fact that we have fewer sources of pollution, and local winds tend to rapidly disperse pollution over our cities. Australia has a relatively small population. We are surrounded by oceans and do not receive masses of polluted air from other countries. Our oil and coal contain less sulfur than much of the oil and coal produced in other countries. Nevertheless, each year, Sydney, Melbourne and other large Australian cities experience days of high air pollution. Summer and autumn are usually the worst times of the year. Reducing air pollution Government legislation and tighter emission controls by industry have produced a marked improvement in air quality in many parts of the world. Many methods of lowering emissions have been developed. In Australia, the emphasis is on prevention and early identification of air quality problems. Domestic burning off adds to air pollution. In Australian cities, many municipalities have banned the use of incinerators. Agricultural and forest management practices that do not involve burning can also reduce the release of visibility-reducing particles. However, motor vehicles present a significant and growing air pollution threat and are Australia's single greatest source of atmospheric pollutants. Since 1986, new cars in Australia have had catalytic converters in their exhaust systems. These converters reduce the amounts of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and unburnt petrol escaping into the air. Use of unleaded petrol is lowering the amount of lead in the urban environment. Industrial activity, power generation and vehicle numbers in Australia are still increasing. Action today will help prevent us suffering the major air pollution problems currently being experienced in many other parts of the world.
1. This passage discusses various pollutants affecting urban and regional areas.
2. Sulfur dioxide is not so harmful to human health as to plants.
N
题目大意是“二氧化硫对人类健康的危害不及对植物的危害”，定位于第1副标题第2段“As well as affecting human health，sulfur dioxide can be harmful to plants”，由此句可见，二氧化硫对人类健康和植物都产生危害，本题错误。
3. Poisonous particles, such as lead compounds, are cumulative and can build up slowly in the body.
Y
题干中的关键词“lead compounds”可定位于第2副标题第3段“Lead compounds…are cumulative poisons． They slowly build up in the body．(铅化合物是累积性的毒物，它们慢慢在体内积聚)”，本题正确。
4. Urban haze, the scattering or absorption of light, is caused by fine particles.
Y
循着关键词“Urban haze”将本题定位于第3副标题第1段“Urban haze is mainly due to fine particles，which cause scattering or absorption of light．”本题题干实际是对该句的改写。
5. Photochemical smog is formed on rainy days when chemicals are combined with smoke.
N
题干中的关键词是“Photochemical smog(光化学烟雾)”，据此定位于第4副标题“Photochemical smog”，该节第2段第1句说“Photochemical smog is formed on still days when…”，是“on still days”而非“on rainy days”，所以本题错误。
6. As for air quality indoors, Australians suffer a higher concentration of pollutants than people in other regions.
7. The pH of polluted rainwater ranges from about 6 to just below 5.
N
题干中的信息词“pH”是查找本题的依据。第6副标题第1段最后说“The pH of unpolluted rainwater ranges from about 6 to just below 5”，本句中是“unpolluted rainwater”而不是“polluted rainwater”，本题错误。
8. Acid rain problems are worse in the northern hemisphere because there is more ______ in this region.
9. The seasons of high air pollution in Australia each year usually are ______.
summer and autumn
本题的关键词“air pollution in Australia”，定位于第7副标题“Air pollution in Australia”，该节第3段最后“Summer and autumn are usually the worst times of the year”就是答案所在。
10. Australia's single greatest source of atmospheric pollutants is ______.
motor vehicles
本题的答题点在第8副标题第4段“motor vehicles…are Australia's single greatest source of atmospheric pollutants(机动车辆是澳大利亚大气污染物的最大来源)”。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just beard.
C.Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.
D.There has never been much snow down South.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: The snow is really coming down, isn't it? W: Seldom do we get so much snow in January. Q: What does the woman mean?
同义转述。女士说一月份很少下这么大雪，选项C)说这么大的雪在本月出现是非同寻常的，两者意义相同。
5.
A.Watch television.
B.Go for a swim.
C.Make better use of time.
D.Follow the official procedure.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: I have too many courses this semester. I'm going to have to drop one of them. W: In order to do that, you'll have to go through the proper channels. Q: What advice does the woman give the man?
同义转述。男士说想要停掉一门课，女士回应说，那一定要通过适当渠道，即要遵循正式的程序来办。“go through the proper channels”对应选项D)中的“follow the official procedure”的意思。
6.
A.Studying.
B.Watching television.
C.Nothing right now.
D.Going to the movies.
A B C D
A
[解析] W: Betty is going to see a movie downtown. M: Should she be doing that now with the exams coming up next week? Q: What does the man imply that Betty should be doing?
8. A. The woman does not like the exhibit. B. The woman saw the exhibit a month ago. C. The exhibit has remained open for some time.D. The exhibit is not worth seeing.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: The native American art exhibit is closed this afternoon. W: Oh, no, I've wanted to see that for months. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
[解析] 19-21 W: Hi, Mr. Adams? M: Ah, Yes. You must be Kelly. Thanks for coming. W: Here's my card. M: Oh, the entrepreneurial spirit. It is hard to find a good babysitter on a Friday night. W: Well, I like watching kids, and I need the extra money. M: Well, I heard you were one of the best and most affordable babysitters in the area, and ... W: Uh, well, I'd like to talk to you about my new rate increases. M: Rate increases? W: You see, Mr. Adams. I've consulted with my financial advisor. Uh, my mother, and she says I should charge more per child since I do cook and clean your house while you're away. M: Oh, I see. So, what do you have in mind? W: Well, as I see it, I'd like to ask a dollar more per child per hour, and overtime after midnight. Based on my calculations, that's only 10.23% above the going market, and I'm now a certified babysitter with training in CPR. M: Oh, I never knew there were courses and certifications in babysitting. W: Times ate changing, Mr. Adams. I have to figure in expenses for a benefits package to cover college tuition, retirement, and my stock portfolio. Well, I tell my dad what to do. M: Ah now, you're pulling my leg. I mean, how old are you anyway? W: Old enough to be a tough negotiator. 19. When will Mr. Adams need a babysitter?
细节辨识。Mr．Adams是在周五晚上需要保姆的。
2.
A.She is one of the best babysitters in the area
B.She purchases groceries for evening meals.
C.She provides special educational entertainment.
D.She does some housework while the parents are out.
A B C D
D
[解析] According to the girl's financial advisor, why should she charge more for babysitting?
[解析] 22-25 M: Hi. Uh, haven't we met before? You look so familiar. W: Yeah. We met on campus last week, Yeah! And you asked me the same question. M: Oh, oh really? I'm sorry, but I'm terrible with names. But, but, but ... Let me guess. It's Sherry, right? W: No, but you got the first letter right. M: I know, I know. It's on the tip of my tongue. Wait. Uh, Sandy, Susan. Wait, wait. It's Sharon. W: You got it ... and only on the fourth try. M: So, well, Sh ..., I mean Sharon. How are you? W: Not bad. And what was your name? M: It's Ben, but everyone calls me B.J. And, uh, what do you do, Sh ... Sharon? W: I'm a graduate student majoring in TESL. M: Uh, TESL ... What's that? W: It stands for teaching English as a second language. I want to teach English to non-native speakers overseas. M: Oh, yeah. I'm pretty good at that English grammar. You know, verbs and adjectives, and uh ... Hey, that sounds really exciting. And do you need some type of specific degree or experience to do that? I mean could I do something like that? W: Well, most employers overseas are looking for someone who has at least a Bachelor's degree and one or two years of experience. And what do you do? Are you a student on campus? M: Yeah, but, uh ... I guess I'm mulling (仔细考虑) over the idea of going into accounting or international business, but I guess I'm now leaning towards a degree in marketing. W: Oh, uh, ... Well, I have to run. I have a class in ten minutes. M: Oh, okay. And, uh, by the way, there's this, uh, dance on campus at the student center tonight, and I was wondering if you'd.., you know.., like to come along. W: Oh really? Well, perhaps.... M: Okay, well, bye. 22. Where did the man and the woman first meet last week?
Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
D.To tell Americans to have 9 hours of sleep every night.
A B C D
A
[解析] 26-28 For many years, officials of the National Institutes of Health have told Americans that they need to get enough sleep to stay healthy and perform well. In the past, the N-I-H targeted special groups, like drivers, soldiers and astronauts. Now, health officials have begun a campaign to urge children to get enough sleep. The officials say children need at least nine hours o( sleep every night. They say research shows that children who get this much sleep perform better in school, suffer fewer accidents and are less likely to become too fat. Studies show that lack of sleep causes tiredness and problems with clear thinking. People who do not get enough sleep become angry easily and have trouble controlling their emotions. Among children, problems that result from lack of sleep often are mistaken for more serious disorders. Unlike adults, tired children seem to have endless energy. Some doctors mistakenly identify this as hyperactivity. Experts say many American teenagers are not getting enough sleep. Teenagers stay up later for several reasons, including schoolwork, after school activities and late- night fun. Many high school students in the United States start school very early in the morning. 26. What kind of campaign have health officials begun according to the passage?
原义直现。卫生官员们发起了一场敦促孩子们要有足够睡眠的运动。
2.
A.They perform better in school.
B.They suffer fewer accidents.
C.They are less likely to be too fat.
D.They are free from serious disorders.
A B C D
D
[解析] Which of the following is NOT true of children who can get enough sleep?
[解析] 29-31 Mr. Robinson had to travel somewhere on business, and as he was in a hurry, he decided to go by air. He liked sitting beside a window when he was flying, so when he got on to the plane, he looked for a window seat. He found all of them had already been taken except for one. There was a soldier sitting in the seat beside this one, and Mr. Robinson was surprised that he had not taken the one by the window; but, anyhow, he at once went towards it. When he reached it, however, he saw that there was a notice on it. It was written in ink and said, "This seat is preserved for proper load balance, thank you." Mr. Robinson had never seen such an unusual notice in a plane before, but he thought that the plane must be carrying something particularly heavy in it, so he walked on and found another empty seat, not beside a window, to sit in. Two or three people tried to sit in the window seat beside the soldier, but they too read the notice and went on, when the plane was nearly full, a very beautiful girl hurried into the plane. The soldier, who was watching the passengers coming in, quickly took the notice off the seat beside himself and in this way succeeded in having the company of the girl during the whole trip. 29. Where did Mr. Robinson like to sit when he was flying?
原义直现。乘飞机时，Mr. Robinson喜欢坐在窗户旁。
2.
A.For the sake of safety.
B.For the service of a girl.
C.For the need of a soldier.
D.For proper load balance.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why was the empty seat preserved according to the notice?
原文重现。告示上说，为了保持飞机的负荷平衡，请勿占用此位。
3.
A.The soldier.
B.The beautiful woman.
C.A stewardess.
D.Mr. Robinson's friend.
A B C D
A
[解析] Who do you think put the notice on the empty seat?
推理判断。那位士兵看到女孩过来就拿下告示，请她就座，由此可推断出，告示应该是他放到座位上去的。
Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A.It enables Earth to stay warm enough for life to survive.
B.It makes your car much hotter inside than outside.
C.It can improve human living standard.
D.It can absorb the sun's rays.
A B C D
A
[解析] 32-35 Global warming is caused by an increase in the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is not a bad thing by itself--it's what allows Earth to stay warm enough for life to survive. You can think of the Earth sort of like your car sitting out in a parking lot on a sunny day. You've probably noticed that your car is always much hotter inside than the outside temperature if it's been sitting there for a while. The sun's rays enter through your car's windows. Some of the heat from the sun is absorbed by the seats, the dashboard and the carpeting and floor mats. When those objects release this heat, it doesn't all get out through the windows. So a certain amount of energy is going in, and less energy is going out. The result is a gradual increase in the temperature inside your car. When the sun's rays hit the Earth's atmosphere and the surface of the Earth, approximately 70 percent of the energy stays on the planet, absorbed by land, oceans, plants and other things. The other 30 percent is reflected into space by clouds, snow fields and other reflective surfaces. But even the 70 percent that gets through doesn't stay on earth forever. The things around the planet that absorb the sun's heat eventually radiate that heat back out. Some of it makes it into space, and the rest of it ends up getting reflected back down to earth when it hits certain things in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane gas and water vapor. The heat that doesn't make it out through Earth's atmosphere keeps the planet warmer than it is in outer space, because more energy is coming in through the atmosphere than is going out. This is all part of the greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth warm. 32. Why does the author say that the greenhouse effect is not a bad thing by itself ?
同义再现。温室效应本身并非坏事，因为它能让地球维持足够的温度从而使生命能存活下去。
2.
A.The greenhouse effect.
B.The heat from the sun.
C.Such objects as the seats, the dashboard, etc.
D.Carbon dioxide, methane(甲烷) gas and water vapor.
A B C D
B
[解析] What causes the rise of temperature in the car on a sunny day?
细节归纳。晴天车内温度上升是因为太阳照射的缘故。
3.
A.30%.
B.50%.
C.70%.
D.60%.
A B C D
A
[解析] How much of the energy is reflected into space when the sun's rays hit the atmosphere?
原义再现。从文中可知，太阳照射的能量有30%被反射回了太空。
4.
A.Land, oceans and plants can absorb the sun's rays.
B.Not all the sun's energy that reaches Earth can stay there.
C.It is warmer in outer space than it is on Earth.
D.More energy comes in through the atmosphere than goes out.
A B C D
C
[解析] Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. If you're planning to travel overseas, the most common form of transportation is by airplane. Knowing the entire 1 from purchasing plane tickets to coping with in-flight emergencies can 2 that you have a pleasurable trip. Now, once you've 3 your ticket, you still need to make the long journey through the airport. Once you arrive, you usually check your bags at the main ticket 4 Then, you have to pass through the 5 checkpoint, where you will have to walk through an X-ray machine, and they will check your carry-on bags for any 6 items, including firearms, explosives, and knives. Of course, this is for 7 safety. You might also be asked to open your bags to be 8 checked. Once you pass through this checkpoint, then 9 Just wait there until they announce your flight. Of course, once aboard the plane, no one ever wants to experience any emergencies, but 10 There are also life jackets under the seats, and oxygen masks in case the plane's cabin unexpectedly loses pressure. 11 Airplane travel can be exciting, and knowing what to expect before you go can make this experience even better.
[解析] 36-46 If you're planning to travel overseas, the most common form of transportation is by airplane. Knowing the entire (36) procedure from purchasing plane tickets to coping with in-flight emergencies can (37) ensure that you have a pleasurable trip. Now, once you've (38) purchased your ticket, you still need to make the long journey through the airport. Once you arrive, you usually check your bags at the main ticket (39) counter. Then, you have to pass through the (40) security checkpoint, where you will have to walk through an X-ray machine, and they will check your carry-on bags for any (41) prohibited items, including firearms, explosives, and knives. Of course, this is for (42) everyone's safety. You might also be asked to open your bags to be (43) manually checked. Once you pass through this checkpoint, then (44) you will go to the designated boarding area and gate to wait for your plane. Just wait there until they announce your flight. Of course, once aboard the plane, no one ever wants to experience any emergencies, but (45) the plane is equipped with emergency exits in case you have to leave the plane. There are also life jackets under the seats, and oxygen masks in case the plane's cabin unexpectedly loses pressure. (46) Be sure to read the safety instruction card located in the pocket of the seat in front of you. Airplane travel can be exciting, and knowing what to expect before you go can make this experience even better.
2.
ensure
3.
purchased
4.
counter
5.
security
6.
prohibited
7.
everyone's
8.
manually
9.
you will go to the designated boarding area and gate to wait for your plane
10.
the plane is equipped with emergency exits in case you have to leave the plane
11.
Be sure to read the safety instruction card located in the pocket of the seat in front of you
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Holidays are celebrated for all sorts of reasons. Some honor heroes, others commemorate religious events, but April 1st stands out as the only holiday that celebrates foolishness. There's some uncertainty about when and where this bizarre tradition began, but the most accepted explanation traces April Fool's Day back to 16th century France. Up until 1564, the accepted calendar was the Julian calendar, which observed the beginning of the New Year around April. King Charles IX then declared that France would begin using the Gregorian calendar, which shifted New Year's Day to January 1st. Not everyone accepted this shifting of dates at the same time. Some believed that the dates should not be shifted, and it was these people who became the butt of some April jokes and were mocked as fools. People sent gifts and invited them to bogus (假的) parties. Citizens in the rural parts of France were also victims of these jokes. In those days, news traveled slowly and they might not have known about the shifting of dates for months or years. These people also endured being made fun of for celebrating the new year on the wrong day. Today in France, people who are fooled on April 1st are called Poisson d'Avril, which literally means the "April Fish." One common joke is to hook a cardboard fish to the back of a person. What a fish has to do with April Fool's Day is not clear. Some believe that the fish is tied to Jesus Christ, who was often represented as a fish in early Christian times. It's probably no coincidence that April Fool's Day is celebrated at the same time that two other similar holidays are celebrated. In ancient Rome, the festival of Hilaria was thrown to celebrate the resurrection (复活) of the god Attis. Hilaria is probably the base word for hilarity and hilarious, which mean great merriment. Today, Hilaria is also known as Roman Laughing Day. In India, the Holi festival celebrates the arrival of spring. As a part of that festival, people play jokes and smear colors on each other. There's no clear connection between the modern observance of April Fool's Day and these two ancient celebrations, which lends most historians to accept the French explanation for how April Fool's Day developed.
1. According to the most accepted explanation, when and where did April Fool's Day originate?
7. How do Indians celebrate the arrival of spring in the Holi festival?
To play jokes and smear colors on each other．
细节判断。第5段最后一句。
8. April 1st stands out among all holidays because it is the only holiday to celebrate______________.
foolishness．
原文重现。第1段的最后部分告诉我们，愚人节与其它所有节日的不同之处在于它是庆祝“愚人”的。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One In the wild, chimpanzees have been known to hunt together, particularly when conditions dictate that a solo hunter will not be successful. Yet this does not prove that our nearest living relatives understand cooperation the same way that we do: such group hunts may simply be the product of independent and simultaneous actions by many individuals with little comprehension of the need for coordinated action to ensure success. A new study, however, shows for the first time that chimpanzees understand when cooperation is needed and how to go about securing it effectively. And another study shows they might even be willing to cooperate without hope of reward. Alicia Melis of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and her colleagues presented chimpanzees at a sanctuary (保护区) in Uganda with a cooperative challenge. To reach a food tray from behind bars, a chimpanzee had to pull on two ends of a rope threaded through metal loops on the tray. If the chimpanzee simply pulled on one end, the rope would slip the loop. If, however, the chimpanzee unlocked the door to an adjacent room, released a fellow chimp, and cooperated with it to pull on both ends of the rope at the same time, both would be rewarded with the food on the tray. Although this provides the first glimpse of cooperative understanding outside humanity--and raises the possibility that such abilities might have been present in our common ancestor more than six million years ago--it does not mean that chimpanzees can communicate about a shared goal, like human children. However, in the second study, led by Felix Warneken, also at the Max Planck Institute, three young chimpanzees helped their human minder reach for objects even without any hope of reward--just like human children as young as 18 months old. "This is the first experiment showing altruistic helping toward goals in any nonhuman primate (灵长类动物)," Warneken notes. "It's been claimed chimpanzees act mainly for their own ends, but in our experiment, there was no reward and they still helped."
1. In the animal world, chimpanzees were believed ______.
A.to be collaborative and altruistic
B.to act independently and individually
C.to understand cooperation just as man does
D.to know how to achieve success with coordinated action
4. The research led by Felix Warneken has proved that ______.
A.chimpanzees' cooperative ability has always been present
B.chimpanzees are as intelligent as 18-month old human children
C.chimpanzees and humans had common ancestor six million years ago
D.chimpanzees are willing to cooperate even without any form of reward
A B C D
D
细节理解。文章最后一句及第1段最后一句都指出 Felix Warneken的研究证明了黑猩猩不像我们曾经认为的那样只为自己的目的而行动，即使没有回报他们也愿意帮忙。选项A)明显不对。选项B)中提到的“intelligent”文章没有说明。选项C)所说的内容是文章肯定地讲明的，并不需要再研究。因此选项D)正确。
5. The passage is most probably taken from ______.
Passage Two Technological influences have also crept into the lives of athletes. It's not just the latest drug on the market that they use; it's also the most up to date equipment. Innovations include: the use of the contemporary bicycle against the recumbent (斜卧式) bicycle, the texture of a golf ball to take full advantage of its traveling distance, the traditional wooden bat versus the new aluminum bat which is said to maximize one's athletic talent. Hockey has had changes. Perhaps one of the biggest changes of all was the mandate to wear a helmet. Today, the size and shape of pads, goalie equipment and even their sticks have been changed from wood to graphite (石墨). All of these efforts are in an attempt to "improve" the performance of athletes. Even figure skating (花样滑冰) is using technology to advance its skaters. There isn't just one brand of skate that skaters use. There are numerous different boots that all apply to what category of skating they do. For instance, a dancer and a single's skater would not have the same skate. Each boot and blade would be fit in order to maximize his or her performance. A single's skater's boot would be incredibly padded, sturdy and strong in order for them to land those powerful jumps. Yes, it is a safety issue as well, but this technology has led skating to the level it is at today. All in all, it is quite hard to say whether we should be accepting these new technological advances or whether we should be sticking to the traditional model of sport. We are currently in the middle of both drug use and the use of new and innovative equipment as far as I can tell. Where are we going to progress from here? Are athletes actually going to put microchips in their brain in order to attain an athletic title? The future holds many options for the outlook of sport, and it will be interesting to address tradition in sport in the years to come.
1. What the author discussed in the previous sections is most probably about ______.
Part Ⅴ Error Correction Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank. Yoga is closely related to the body and mind with all the breathing, stretching, and meditating. In recent years scientific research at Yoga has proven that this type of fitness program S1 ______ certainly cures many diseases. Diseases like diabetes, asthma and other mental problems have cured through the practice of Yoga. S2 ______ Yoga does not solve every problem, and it is a process of normalization for the body and mind. It is useful for maintenance of S3 ______ health in the body and also prevention of illnesses. Yoga is effective in many other aspects of health. It helps in removing addictions, curing diseases and increases resistance power for the body. Apart S4 ______ from this, Yoga also brings negative changes in mental frame of the S5 ______ body and make the mind stable, peaceful, and happy. Thus, Yoga S6 ______ takes care of many healthy aspects of the body and mind but it must be practiced regularly and continuous for any positive results. The S7 ______ human mind has typical reactions and responses to events all around. Even if these reactions or responses are extreme, then it S8 ______ results in psychosomatic disorders. The steady practice of Yoga helps mind to prevent such reactions and also prevents diseases. S9 ______ Making the mind calm, peaceful, stable, and focused is extremely important in Yoga. Because of these reasons, Yoga is believed to be a complete answer to most of the problems faced by the S10 ______ practitioners of this fitness program. It is believed to be a complete science of personality development and touches all aspects of the mind and body.
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