银符考试题库-在线练习-外刊经贸知识选读自考题模拟4

外刊经贸知识选读自考题模拟4

第Ⅰ部分选择题
一、单项选择题
(在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组。)

1. China's emergence as an economic heavyweight after more than a decade of fast growth makes it likely to supplant Japan. ______

A.supply
B.support
C.replace
D.occupy

A B C D

[解析] 句意：经过十多年的迅速发展，中国一跃成为一个举足轻重的经济强国，这使它有可能取代日本。supplant意为“取代，代替”。选项中supply意为“供应，供给”；support意为“支持”；replace意为“取代，接替”；occupy意为“居住；占去(时间或空间)”。故本题选C。

2. Even more striking, China's entrepreneurs are starting to hunt for opportunities abroad. ______

A.go after
B.go around
C.look after
D.search for

A B C D

[解析] 句意：更令人吃惊的是，中国企业家也开始走出国门以寻求发展机会。hunt for意为“搜寻，寻求”。选项中go after意为“尽力得到”；go around意为“流传，传播”；look after意为“照料”；search for意为“寻找”。故本题选D。

3. China has borrowed almost US $2 billion from the World Bank and its affiliates, but a substantial proportion of these loans are still to be disbursed. ______

A.sent
B.paid
C.counted
D.checked

A B C D

[解析] 句意：中国从世界银行及其附属机构借贷的资金将近20亿美元，但其中一大部分还有待支付。disburse意为“支付，支出”。选项中send意为“送，寄”；pay意为“支付”；count意为“计算；认为”；check意为“检查”。故本题选B。

4. In 1991, for the second year in a row, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated. ______

A.repeatedly
B.successively
C.respectively
D.successfully

A B C D

[解析] 句意：在1991年，也就是连续第二年，中低收入国家的经济发展实际上处于停滞状态。in a row在句中的意思是“连续地”。选项中repeatedly意为“反复地”；successively意为“连续地”；respectively意为“各自地”；successfully意为“成功地”。故本题选B。

5. This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country. ______

A.growth
B.measure
C.bonus
D.behemoth

A B C D

[解析] 句意：成人教育热反过来又促进了整个国家文化水平的提高。boom在句中的意思是“迅速发展”。选项中growth意为“发展”；measure意为“措施”；bonus意为“奖金”；behemoth意为“巨兽”。故本题选A。

6. Mickey Kantor has called a new policy geared to "quantifiable results" for some products. ______

A.in accordance with
B.moved by
C.along with
D.connected up

A B C D

[解析] 句意：米奇·坎特发表了一项适用于某些产品的“量化结果”的新政策。gear to意为“使适合”。选项中in accordance with意为“与……一致，按照”；moved by意为“为……而感动，靠……而移动”；along with意为“和……一起”；connect up意为“连接”。故本题选A。

7. The initial reaction from OPEC was pretty tough but now seems to have softened a bit. ______

A.original
B.mark
C.harmful
D.introductory

A B C D

[解析] 句意：欧佩克最初的反应非常强硬，但现在似乎温和了一些。initial意为“起初的，最先的”。选项中original意为“起初的，最早的”；mark意为“标志”；harmful意为“有害的”；introductory意为“介绍的，引导的”。故本题选A。

8. Re-exports to Kuwait have seesawed from Dh 183 million in 1990 to Dh 1,161 million in 1991. ______

A.fluctuated
B.been seen
C.changed
D.increased

A B C D

[解析] 句意：对科威特的再出口有所波动，1990年为1.83亿迪拉姆，1991年为11.61亿迪拉姆。seesaw意为“起伏，涨落”。选项中fluctuate意为“波动，涨落”；seen为see的过去分词形式；change意为“改变”；increase意为“增加”。故本题选A。

9. There is a massive number of mainly British consultants coming in at silly prices to gain entry into the market. ______

A.low prices
B.good prices
C.high prices
D.reasonable prices

A B C D

[解析] 句意：有大量的承包商，主要是英国的，想以愚蠢的低价位进入这个市场。silly price意为“愚蠢的低价”。选项中low price意为“低价”；good price意为“好价格”；high price意为“高价”；reasonable price意为“合理的价格”。故本题选A。

10. The markets themselves have lost much of their allure. ______

A.management
B.friction
C.distribution
D.attraction

A B C D

[解析] 句意：市场自身已失去了大部分的吸引力。allure意为“吸引力，魅力”。选项中management意为“管理”；friction意为“摩擦力”；distribution意为“分发，分送”；attraction意为“吸引力”。故本题选D。

11. The drop in the oil price is bound to mean increased competition from synthetic products. ______

A.is ready to
B.is certain to
C.is moved to
D.is started to

A B C D

[解析] 句意：石油价格的下跌注定会激化其他合成产品的竞争。is bound to意为“必然，一定要”。is ready to意为“准备”；is certain to意为“肯定会”；C、D两项语法上不合适。故本题选B。

12. But the Japanese will not be able to keep a lid on their high-tech know-how forever. ______

A.prevent
B.cover
C.discovery
D.uncover

A B C D

[解析] 句意：但是日本人不可能永远使其高科技知识保密。lid意为“盖子，禁止”。选项中prevent意为“预防，防止”；cover意为“盖子，遮盖物”；discovery意为“发现”；uncover意为“揭露”。故本题选B。

13. If the political will to continue moving forward fails, we can anticipate more strains in the marriage contract that ultimately would strike at what we've accomplished. ______

A.activate
B.participate
C.complete
D.forecast

A B C D

[解析] 句意：如果继续发展的政治意愿落空，我们可以预料到联婚合同将趋于紧张，这最终会影响到我们已完成的工作。anticipate意为“预料到，预期”。选项中activate意为“使活动，开动”；participate意为“参加，参与”；complete意为“完成”；forecast意为“预测，预报”。故本题选D。

14. Korea, once known as the "Hermit Kingdom", is plainly on the move. ______

A.on the road
B.in progress
C.in the way
D.under construction

A B C D

[解析] 句意：韩国这个一度被称为“隐士王国”的国家正在阔步前进。on the move意为“在发展中，在前进中”。选项中on the road意为“在旅途中”；in progress意为“在进行中，在前进中”；in the way意为“挡住去路，碍事”；under construction意为“在建造中”。故本题选B。

15. But countertrade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. ______

A.creditor
B.borrower
C.believer
D.loaner

A B C D

[解析] 句意：但对等贸易并非债务国所独有。debtor意为“债务人”。creditor与loaner均意为“债权人”；borrower意为“借款者，借方”；believer意为“信教者”。故本题选B。

第Ⅱ部分非选择题
二、将下列词组译成中文
(每小题1分，共10分。)

1. pluralistic operations

多元经营

2. current account

经常项目

3. entrepreneurship

企业家精神

4. GATT

关税及贸易总协定

5. productive forces

生产力

6. portfolio investment

证券投资

7. civil service

行政部门

8. sovereignty dispute

主权争端

9. at a rough estimate

据粗略估计

10. intellectual property right

知识产权

三、将下列词组译成英文
(每小题1分，共10分。)

1. 反垄断

anti-trust

2. 合资企业

joint venture

3. 外汇储备

foreign-exchange reserves

4. 无政府状态

anarchy

5. 政府采购

government procurement

6. 贸易差额

trade balance

7. 零售商

retailer

8. 暴发户

nouveau riche

9. 产地证明书

certificate of origin

10. 试销

test marketing

四、简答题
(共18分。)

Passage 1
Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xinjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Chongqing and Wuhan, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shenyang, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China's state council, or cabinet, are giddy with excitement—and exhaustion. "We don't have people, we don't have time," says one. "Things are moving too fast."
After a slowdown through 1990, China's economy bounced back mightily, reaching a recent peak of 13 per cent growth last year. Now, some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world's dominant economy early in the 21st century.

1. What do the phrases "dynamic economy" and "the world's dominant economy" mean?

"Dynamic economy" means an economy full of energy and activity: "the world's dominant economy" means the world's major economic power.

2. What is the meaning of "We don't have people" in the underlined sentence?

China is short of technical and management professionals.

3. What are some Western experts predicting?

Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world's dominant economy early in the 21st century.

Passage 2
Some business practices are prohibited or restricted by federal and state laws designed to encourage competition. The federal laws govern businesses between different states, while the state laws govern businesses within that state.
Fair trade laws are those which permit the manufacturer or distributor of trade-marked products to make contracts with retail dealers fixing the resale price. These laws exist in certain states. However, state courts have been ruling out some of the laws. Others have been questioned and rulings are awaited.
Several states have had specific laws prohibiting price discrimination between purchasers of like grade and quantity when the effect is to injure competition. Laws prohibiting sales below costs have been in force in certain states. A fairly typical provision has prohibited any article at less than cost to seller, if the purpose was to injure competitors.
In addition, laws of many states deal with false and deceptive advertising. Such laws range from general prohibitions against false advertising to regulating the advertising of specific goods. Occasionally, some of the laws are revised, and new interpretations are made by the courts.

1. What is the purpose of most of the laws discussed in this passage?

Most of the laws in this passage are designed to encourage competition.

2. According to this passage, what is business regulated by?

By federal and state laws.

3. Why do some people sell goods at a price lower than their cost?

Because they want to injure competition in their favor.

五、正误判断题
(每小题2分，共20分。)

Passage 1
Nike is the world's largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.
Nike is as American as Coca-Cola, Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. "Just do it!" exult Nike's advertisements.
But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forever on the look-out for cheap production sites. If costs in a particular country or factory move too far-out of line, productivity will have to rise to compensate, or Nike will take its business elsewhere. The firm uses about 40 factories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.
Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia's spectacular manufacturing expertise. "We're always looking for new manufacturing sources," says Nike's vice-president for production. "People ask why we don't produce more in Eastern Europe, but we've concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia."
The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. "We don't know the first thing about manufacturing," says Nike's vice-president for Asia-Pacific. "We are marketers and designers." There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.
Until recently, almost all Nike's shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm's contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.

1. The most important ingredient of Nike's success is giving people a sense of freedom.

对错

[解析] 由第一段可知，耐克成功的部分因素是耐克支付给工人们低工资。故本题的说法是错误的。

2. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.

对错

[解析] 由第一段最后一句可知，耐克每年在亚洲生产的鞋的数量大约是9000万双。故本题的说法是正确的。

3. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike's main concentration is on marketing and designing.

对错

[解析] 由第五段可知，所有的生产风险都由承包商来承担，耐克主要进行市场营销和设计工作。故本题的说法是正确的。

4. Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe's.

对错

[解析] 由第四段可知，耐克喜欢在亚洲而不是在东欧生产的原因是他们认为最有能力的生产厂商在亚洲，而并不是说亚洲市场比东欧市场大。故本题的说法是错误的。

5. To keep costs low, Nike's most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.

对错

[解析] 由最后一段可知，为了降低成本，耐克最重要的策略就是在劳动力成本低的国家进行生产。故本题的说法是正确的。

Passage 2
Today, the Internet is changing the way business transactions are conducted. It is empowering both consumers and businesses by providing expanding markets and choices to not only national, but also international communities. It brings more competition in products and prices and it encourages change and improvement, given its ability to provide information and comparative choices.
Putting up a website to promote and display products, and attracting online shoppers to look around at the products, however, are only one way of conducting business via the Internet. To realize the true potential of electronic commerce, an effective method of receiving payment for products which are sold or delivered through the Internet is a necessity. This is the focus of current Internet-related research. While it is currently possible to buy things over the Internet, this form of commerce has not yet gained enough popularity. It has great potential.
While nobody is certain what the future will bring, we do know that the Internet recognizes no national borders. Electronic commerce is global in nature, so the Internet can't help but dramatically increase international business. The ever-changing technology in electronic commerce and the introduction of new hardware, software, and service technology force businesses to quickly adjust their basic business strategies. Companies who want to participate in the worldwide electronic commerce revolution must adapt their electronic service capabilities and products to the requirements of the electronic commerce marketplace.

1. One result of e-commerce is more competition in products and prices.

对错

[解析] 由第一段第三句可知，电子商业带来了更多的在产品和价格方面的竞争。故本题的说法是正确的。

2. The potential of the Internet goes far beyond displaying and promoting products.

对错

[解析] 由第二段最后一句可知，因特网并不仅仅是展示和提升产品，它还有很大的潜力。故本题的说法是正确的。

3. Paying for products and receiving payment through the Internet are now very effective.

对错

[解析] 由第二段第四句可知，通过网上付款和收款现在还没有足够流行。故本题的说法是错误的。

4. The problem with the Internet is that it does not recognize international money.

对错

[解析] 由第三段第一句可知，在网上进行贸易往来是没有国界的，并不是说网络不认可国际货币。故本题的说法是错误的。

5. The Internet cannot greatly help international business.

对错

[解析] 由第三段第二句可知，电子商务实质上是全球性的，所以因特网极大地增加了国际商业活动。故本题的说法是错误的。

六、翻译题
(本大题12分)

1. Since the late 1970s China has also adopted foreign trade practices long-established in many other countries. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer, while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided, in return. Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product.

20世纪70年代末以来，中国也采用了在许多其他国家已确立了很久的对外贸易惯例。它按客户提供的样品生产货物，并极力鼓励补偿贸易，即由外国卖主提供原料与设备，并回购由这些设备生产出的制成品。补偿贸易与易货贸易或反向贸易的不同之处在于，外国提供的设备与制成品之间有直接的联系。