Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Damage of public Facilities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 公共设施破坏严重的问题有待解决 2. 解决办法有哪些 3. 你的看法。
(only for reference) The Damage of Public Facilities With the improvement of living standard, more and move public facilities, such as public telephone booths and ATMs have been in stalled in the streets. It is necessary that we have to pay attention to the damage of these public facilities. On the one hand, some people use them without care, which leads to inconvenience to others. On the other hand, the damaged public facilities stain the beauty of the city. Therefore, how to prevent public facilities from being damaged is worth paying attention. Firstly, public facilities should be made of hard materials so as to be more durable. Secondly, some devices should be adopted to protect them from being damaged. For example, like cars, we can install alarm devices in public facilities. Thirdly, from my point of view, it is essential that we civilize our citizens to behave morally. In other words, we should tell the citizens that it is shameful to destroy public facilities. In fact, the ways to reduce the damage of public facilities are countless. It' s time that we took most effective ones to protect them.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. First Aid The main purpose of first aid is to provide proper care to suddenly ill or injured persons until medical help becomes available or, for problems that do not need a physician' s attention. Even a child can save a life by knowing what to do. For example, by rolling an unconscious person' s head to one side, anyone can save that person from drowning in his own saliva or choking on his tongue. Many first-aid techniques are as simple. Others require preparation in advance, but almost any one can learn most of the important rules and methods. PART Ⅰ: BASIC RULES 1. Do not panic; control your emotions. Then reassure the victim if he or she is conscious. 2. Ask for help. Send someone to call a physician, the police or fire department, or an ambulance. Ask others to stop traffic, get supplies, control crowds, etc. If you are alone, go for help only after you have completed the most urgent first-aid measures. 3. Move the victim out of the way of danger. Otherwise, do not move him until professional help arrives. If the victim must be lifted, support all parts of the body as evenly as possible. 4. If the victim' s clothes or hair are on fire and no water is at hand, smother the flames by covering them with a coat, or 'blanket or roll him on the ground. Do not try to beat out flames with your hands. 5. If bright red blood is pouring out, put direct pressure on the wound immediately with any clean cloth or with your hand or fingers. 6. Roll an unconscious person' s head over to the side. This keeps the tongue from falling back a gainst the throat. Then quickly loosen tight clothing and cheek for a bracelet, necklace, or card that might identify and provide instructions for any disorder the person might have. 7. If the victim has stopped breathing, check the mouth and throat with a finger for any obstruction, then begin artificial respiration which is part of the CPR - cardio pulmonary resuscitation - life support technique described below. PART Ⅱ: CPR AND LIFE SUPPORT The first part of CPR, clearing the airways, and the second part, artificial respiration, arc easy to learn and are useful many life-threatening emergencies. But the third part, external heart massage, must be practiced in advance to be sure of using it properly and safely. If a person collapses and stops breathing, begin the ABC' s of CPR. Do not go beyond A ( clearing the airway) if breathing resumes. Do not to beyond B ( mouth-to-mouth breathing. unless you are certain that the victim has no pulse. Use C ( chest compression) only if you have prepared yourself in advance to do it properly. In all the steps, use proportionately lighter force for children.B. Breathing 1. With the victim' s head in the uplifted position, pinch the nostrils closed, take a deep breath, and place your mouth tightly over his mouth. Then blow quickly and deeply four times. After each time, raise your mouth and let air escape from the victim' s mouth. Mouth-to-nose respiration may be used if the mouth cannot be opened or is badly injured. With small children, place your mouth over the mouth and nose. 2. If you feel resistance to your breath, and the victim' s chest does not rise as you exhale or fall when you pause, the airway may still be obstructed. Bend the neck back farther and lift the chin higher. ( Do not bend an infant' s neck too far back or the airway will close. ) If no obstruction is found, roll the victim on his side toward you and deliver four firm slaps between the shoulder blades. Then place the victim on his back again, put your fist just above the navel, and forceful but carefully push once. These movements combined amy force air out of the lungs and remove any object trapped deeper in the airway. 3. After assuring an open airway, check for a pulse by placing your thumb and middle finger on the neck on either side of the windpipe, If there is a pulse, resume the inhalations and exhalations at the rate of one cycle every five seconds, or 12 a minute. Use shallower breaths for children, about 20 a minute. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation must not be stopped for more than 15 seconds in adults, proportionately less in children, until the victim is breathing on his own. 4. If these signs are present:a. the victim is unconscious,b.you feel no pulse, ande.the chest does not rise and fall, you may decide to proceed to C. First yell for help. C. Chest Compression 1. Kneel alongside the victim. 2. Place the heel of your hand just below the middle of the victim' s breastbone and your other hand on top of the first. Do not let your fingers touch the victim' s ribs, or you might possibly compress the wrong part of the chest, which could crack ribs or damage internal organs. 3. Leaning directly over the chest, give a firm push straight downward about two inches. Let the weight of your shoulders do the work rather than muscle power. 4. Push downward about 60 to 80 times a minute. Do not stop until a pulse can be felt; if ribs have cracked, correct your position and proceed cautiously. 5. Chest compression must be matched with mouth-to-mouth breathing, ff there are two rescuers, one should give the mouth-to-mouth respiration at the rate of one exhalation for every five compressions, ff you have no help, give two exhalations after every 15 compressions at the compression rate of about 80 per minute. For small children the compression rate should be higher, about 100 to 125 a minute. 6. Do not interrupt CPR for more than 15 seconds at a time. Do ot stop CPR until the victim is breating adequately on his own. Questions:
1. The main purpose of the text is to explain the basic rules and procedures of first aid.
Y
[解析] 该题的关键词可确定为“main purpose”与“the text”，“basic rules”，“procedures”，“first aid”。本题实为一主旨句，应特别注意题目所问的是文章的主要目的，而不是“first aid”的主要目的。文章第一句告诉我们的是“first aid”的主要目的，这里应注意不要被迷惑。通过文章的结构，Part I：BASIC RULES，PartⅡ：CPR AND LIFE SUPPORT可判定为Y。
2. If you are alone, go for help before you have completed the most urgent first -aid measures
N
[解析] 该题的关键词可确定为“alone”，“help”，“before”及“first aid measures”。据题意可知这是介绍当人们独自突遇生病或受伤时应怎么办，应从“BASIC RULES”中找答案，由“help”得知应从“2．Ask for help”中找，由最后一句“If you…，only after…you have completed...measures”可判定答案为N。
3. When a victim' s clothes or hair are on fire, you should not try to beat out flames with your hands.
Y
[解析] 该题关键词为“on fire”，“hands”，文章PART I中第4部分提到了这种情况，并且最后一句“Do not try to beat out flames with your hands”特别强调不要用手扑火。可判定答案为Y。
4. The external heart massage must be practiced in advance to be sure of using it properly and safely.
Y
[解析] 该题关键词为“external heart massage”，文章第二部分首段提及了这一经济方式，据该部分第一段最后一句“But the third part，external heart massage…and safely”可判定为Y。
5. Do not take mouth -to -mouth breathing unless you are certain that the victim has no pulse.
Y
[解析] 该题关键词“mouth-to-mouth breathing”，原文第二部分第二段在介绍the ABC’s of CPR时提到了，其实际亡为ABC中的B，据原文“Do not go beyond B…no pulse”可判定为Y。
6. In breathing you take a deep breath and then blow quickly and deeply three times into the mouth of the victim
N
[解析] 该题的关键词是“breathing”，“three times”。由“breathing”可很容易看出文章PARTⅢ中(B)主要是介绍它的。在 (B)Breathing第1部分前两句“With the victim’s head…，take a deep breath，…．Then blow quickly and deeply four times．”可判定答案为N。
7. If you feel resistance to your breath, and the infant' s chest does not rise, then you should bend the infant's neck too far back.
N
[解析] 该题的关键词是“breath”，“infant”，“neck”，根据这几个关键词，我们可知该题是在告诉我们当需急救的人是“infant”时应注意的多项。由原文(B)Breathing2中括号里面“Do not bend an infant’s neck too far back or the airway will close．”得知答案为N。
8. Mouth -to -mouth resuscitation must not be stopped for more than ______ in adults, until the victim is breathing on his own.
15seconds
[解析] 该题的关键词为“Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation”，“adults”，由“Mouth-to-mouth”得知仍是介绍“breathing”的，在原文(B)Breathing的3部分中，“Mouth-to-mouth...15 seconds in adults，…”可知空格应填“15 seconds”。
9. Push downward about ______ times a minute when you do chest compression.
60 to 80
[解析] 由该题关键词“times”可知空格处应填表示数字的词，另由关键词“chest compression”可知应从文章(C)chest compression中找答案，在4中得知空格处应填“60 to 80”。
10. Chest compression must be matched with ______ breathing.
mouth-to-mouth
[解析] 该题关键词为“chest compression”，“matched with”，由这些关键词我们知道答案在文章最后(C) chest compression中，在这部分第5小段中首句“chest compression must be matched with mouth-to-mouth breathing”中得知答案为“month-to-mouth”。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversations you have just heard.
[解析] W: You don't feel very well, do you? You look pale. Have you got cold? M: Oh, no, but my stomach aches. Maybe the seafood doesn ' t agree with me. Q: What probably caused the man' s stomachache?
2.
A.Mary has never studied mathematics.
B.Mary must be good at mathematics.
C.Mary enjoys learning mathematics.
D.Mary probably is poor at mathematics.
A B C D
D
[解析] M: What's the matter with Mary? W: She becomes nervous whenever it comes to learning mathematics. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
3.
A.George's brother.
B.George' s wife.
C.George' s father.
D.George' s father - in - law.
A B C D
C
[解析] M: I wish I could see George here. W: He was planning to come, but a moment ago, his wife called to say that he had to take his father to the hospital. Q: Who was ill?
4.
A.She can use his car.
B.She can borrow someone else's car.
C.She must get her car fixed.
D.She can't borrow his car.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: I need a car this weekend, but mine has broken down. M: I' m sorry to hear it, but you can always rent one if you have a license. Q: What does the man mean?
5.
A.At 2:35.
B.At 2:45.
C.At 3:00.
D.At 3:15.
A B C D
B
[解析] W: Did you go to the football match last Saturday? M: Oh yes. It was supposed to start at 2:30, but it was delayed 15 minutes. Q: When did the football match start?
6.
A.To the bank.
B.To bookstore.
C.To a shoe store.
D.To the grocer' s.
A B C D
D
[解析] W: What do you want me to get? I'm leaving now. M: Pick up a bottle of milk and a loaf of bread please. Q: Where is the man probably going?
7.
A.Near the station
B.In the country
C.In the city.
D.Near her work place
A B C D
B
[解析] M: If I were you, I' d live in the city instead of going to work by train. W: But the country is so beautiful in spring and fall. Q: Where does the woman prefer to live?
8.
A.At a cigarette store
B.At a bus station
C.At a gas station
D.At Aunt Mary' s
A B C D
C
[解析] M: Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store. W: I' m not going to any store. I' m going to see Aunt Mary. But I will get them for you at the gas station. Q: Where will the woman stop on her way?
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversations you have just heard.
[解析] 19-21 (W = Bank clerk M = Man) W: Excuse me, sir, is there a problem? M: WelI, yes, I don't really understand it. When I put my card in, the machine ate it. W: Ate it ? You mean it didn' t give it back? M: Yes, that' s right. It kept it. W: Did you press the withdrawal button and the amount you want? M: Yes. W: How about your secret code? Did you enter your number? M: Well ... come to think of it, it did ask me three times to enter my code. W: Are you sure you entered your correct number? M: Hmm, I think se, but maybe I made a mistake. W: I see. Well, you probably entered the wrong number. When a machine receives a wrong number three times it automatically keeps the card. M: Oh, I didn't know that. So how do I get another card? W: That' s no problem ... first you need to fin in a form so we can get you a new one. Could you come over to the counter? M: Very sorry about that. W: OK, please fill this in with your account number and today's date. Then we can issue you a new card. You'll get it in about a week. M: OK, thanks very much, and I' m sorry for the trouble. W: Not at all, sir. And when you receive your new card, it' s a good idea to memorize the number or make a note of it somewhere. M: Right, I'll do that. 19. Where does it happen?
2.
A.Because it is broken the wrong code
B.Because the man entered
C.Because the machine is broken
D.Because the man entered the wrong card
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Why did the card was ate?
3.
A.One week
B.Two weeks
C.Three weeks
D.Three days
A B C D
A
[听力原文] How long win it take for the man to have a new card?
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversations you have just heard.
[解析] 22-25 (M =Jack; W = Anne) M: Hey, Anne, long time no see ! W: Yeah, what are you doing? M: Oh, just hanging around my suite. W: Oh, you got a suite this year? I remember last year you were in a triple. I mean, those rooms were really supposed to be for two people, but they stuffed of you in them. M: Right. That' s why I got to bid first for my room this year. And now me and five other guys are in a suite. W: So it' s three rooms for two people each? M: Right. And how about you? Where are you living this year? W: I' m out in the Hillside Community. I really like it there. It' s a little further away from the Academic buildings, but it' s nice and quiet. You know, I' m net much of a party goer. M: I know. Last year our crazy floor used to keep you up all night! De you remember when the RA caught me with beer in my room? I had to do 15 hours building service! W: That RA was so strict! In Hillside, since it' s mostly an older community, there are no regulations about alcohol. However, Sunday through Thursday, and Friday and Saturday after 1 a.m. are all "quiet hours". M: Is it more expensive to live up there? I know the apartments are really nice. W: Yeah, a lot more. It's about $2,000 a semester. M: Whoa. My room is just $1,400 for a year per person. 22. How many people are there in the man' s room?
2.
A.country
B.hillside
C.town
D.city
A B C D
B
[解析] Where does the woman live?
3.
A.$1,400
B.$600
C.$ 2,ooo
D.$ 2,400
A B C D
C
[解析] How much is it for a semester in the woman' s living place?
4.
A.Sunday through Thursday and Friday and Saturday after I am.
B.Saturday through Thursday, and Friday after I am.
C.Sunday through Thursday, and Friday and Saturday after I am.
D.Saturday through Thursday, and Friday after I am.
A B C D
A
[解析] When are "quiet hours" for the woman?
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage ,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four chokes marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 26-29 Our family is trying to decide where to go for a vacation this summer. Our son Tom wants to go to Yellow Stone Park again to see the bears. We did that last summer and what an experience it was ! When we got there, we put up our tent and went to explore. As we returned, we heard our daughter Susie cry and then we saw a bear enter our tent. Tom wanted his father to chase him away. His father said:" No, it' s dangerous to chase a hear. And don ' t let him chase you." Susie said:" What shall we do?" "Maybe we ought to climb a tree." Tom said :" No, we' ye got to get him out of there. He might go to sleep in our tent." "Maybe we could make him leave if we put some honey outside for him to eat." Susie suggested. Then I said:" How are you going to get the honey? It' s in the tent." We watched the bear enter the tent and heard him upset everything inside. "It' s foolish for us to try to catch him." Said my husband. "Leave him alone and wait for him to come out." We waited but the bear stayed inside. We had to sleep in the car. 26. Where have the family decided to go in the vacation this summer?
2.
A.Susie.
B.Tom.
C.The speaker.
D.The speaker' s husband.
A B C D
A
[解析] Who did you think saw the bear first?
3.
A.They chased the bear away.
B.They stayed outside the tent and did nothing.
C.They climbed up a tree.
D.They put some honey outside for the bear to eat.
A B C D
B
[解析] What did they do when they saw a bear enter their tent?
4.
A.He ate the honey.
B.He drank the beer.
C.He chased the people away.
D.He turned things upside down.
A B C D
D
[解析] What did the bear do in the tent?
Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 30-32 I flew to San Francisco to take care of some business with Mr. Jorden. But as soon as I arrived, I got sick and couldn ' t meet with him. I had to call our appointment off. Then when I felt better, I thought about visiting him at his home, but he lived too far away. I tried to telephone him during office hours but he was busy. The receptionist said that Mr. Jarden would call me back. But he didn't. I gave up trying to make a new appointment because it would take more time and effort than I wanted to spend. A few days later, I saw a man on the street who looked like Mr. Jorden and I called out to him. It was someone else. When I returned to my hotel that day, I found a massage which said that Mr. Jarden had gone out of town for some sudden unexpected business. I was sorry I had missed seeing him. But I really enjoyed my sightseeing in San Francisco. 30. Why couldn't the speaker meet Mr. Jorden when he got to San Francisco?
2.
A.He was busy sightseeing.
B.He couldn't reach Mr. Jordan's office.
C.He didn't want to see Mr. Jordan any more.
D.He didn't want to take the trouble making it.
A B C D
D
[解析] Why did the speaker give up making another appointment?
3.
A.The trip didn't do any good to his health.
B.The trip was a complete disappointment.
C.The trip was enjoyable but not fruitful in terms of business.
D.The trip made it possible for him to meet many interesting people.
A B C D
C
[解析] What do we learn from the story?
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[解析] 33-35 A six - year - old boy has been round alive spending four days and five nights in an icebox that was buried under tons of ruins in Thurs day' s big earthquake. The boy Tom was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home. Hearing a faint cry of "Get me out. Get me out', rescuers dug down another one point five meters and found the boy in the icebox. He was pronounced in a good condition, suffering only four or five slight wounds. Tom' s eight brothers and sisters died in the earth quake which officials say may have killed as many as 50,000 people. By Sunday foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake areas as hope faded out finding any more survivors. 33. What happened to the boy in earthquake?
2.
A.About four days.
B.Around eight days.
C.A day and a half.
D.More than six days.
A B C D
A
[解析] How many days had passed before the boy was rescued?
3.
A.His father pulled him out in time.
B.He left the area before the earthquake.
C.He stayed in an icebox.
D.Their house escaped the earthquake.
A B C D
C
[解析] How did the boy survive the big earthquake?
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks ,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time ,you should check what you have written. People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are 1 their dreams are prophetic (预言的) because a few have come true; They fail to 2 the many that have not. Consider also the belief that "the phone always rings when I' m in the shower." If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be 3 . If it doesn't ring, that non-event probably won't even register (留下印象). People want to see order, 4 and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the 5 belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths "happen in threes." Such beliefs stem from the 6 of people to allow the third event to 7 the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their "happening 8 "is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. 9 . We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair - minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. 10 As economist Thomas Schelling explains, "Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy, "This way everyone ranks high on his own scale. Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious (谨慎的) in drawing conclusions. 11 .
[解析] 36-46 People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic (预言的) because a few have come true; They fail to notice the many that have not. Consider also the belief that "the phone always rings when I' m in the shower." If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered . If it doesn' t ring, that non-event probably won' t even register (留下印象). People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the common belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths "happen in threes." Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period, ff three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their "happening together" is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs. We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair - minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schelling explains, "Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy, "This way everyone ranks high on his own scale. Perhaps the mast important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious (谨慎的) in drawing conclusions. The "evidence" of every day life is sometimes misleading.
2.
notice
3.
remembered
4.
pattern
5.
common
6.
tendency
7.
define
8.
together
9.
Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.
10.
Part of the mason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage.
11.
The "evidence" of everyday life is sometimes misleading.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A Directions: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Although April did not bring us the 1 we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn't generally experience the atmospheric sound and lightning that can 2 those rains, it's still important for parents to be able to answer the 3 questions about thunder and lightning. The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to 4 to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves. For example, did you know that the lightning we see 5 clown to the earth from a cloud is 6 flashing up to a cloud from the earth? Our eyes trick us into thinking we see a downward motion when it' s actually the other way around. But then, if we believed only what we think we see, we' d still 7 that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night. Most lightning flashes take place 8 a cloud, and only a relative few can be seen jumping between two clouds or between earth and a cloud. But, with about 2,000 thunder storms taking place above the earth every minute of the day and night, there' s enough activity to 9 about 100 lightning strikes on earth every second. Parents can use thunder and lightning to help their children learn more about the world around them. When children understand that the light of the lightning flashing reaches their eyes almost at the 10 moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark. Word Bank A. explain B. actually I) accompany C. thunder J) depend D. same K) reins E. flashing L) probably F. produce M) insist G. different N) adults H) inside O) youthful
[解析] 此处应填一个动词原形，因为“there is activity to do”，又根据前面的“雷暴take place(产生)”与之对立，此处是“闪电产生”，故用produce。
10.
D
[解析] 此题较容易，“at the ______ time”，很显然应选择一个形容词，根据上下文，这里是说“在同时”，故用same。
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section . Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) ,D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children very greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音). This self- imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
1. By "... challenges explanation" ( Para. 1, Line 2) the author means that ______.
A.no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B.no explanation has been made up to now
C.it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
A.the development of babies' early forms of language
B.the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C.babies' strong desire to communicate
D.babies' intention to communicate
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章第三段的第一句应该是该段的主要内容。Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words…during the first few months…that from about three months they…and that by six months they…很显然，作者在这里按时间顺序说明了婴儿早期语言发音的发展过程，选项A正是对文章内容的最恰当的归纳。
3. The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ______.
A.usually obey without asking questions
B.are passive in the process of learning to speak
C.are born cooperative
D.learn to speak by listening
A B C D
D
[解析] 依据文章第二段第一句Language learning begins with listening.作者说明孩子的语言的学习是从听开始的。只是不同的孩子在学习说话之前所听的量不同而已。有的孩子开口晚，听得多；而有的孩子说话早，听得少，但不管怎样，都是从听着手的。所以选项D正确。
4. From the passage we learn that ______.
A.early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B.children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C.imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D.children have various difficulties in learning to speak
A B C D
C
[解析] 文章第二段已经说明了孩子在练习说话之前，都经过听的过程，那么听也就是观察，模仿别人，尤其是成年人语言。再依据整个文章倒数第二句This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made to them by other people．可以得知模仿(从自我，也即无意识模仿到有意识模仿)在练习学习说话中起着极为重要的作用。因此，选项C应是最佳答案。
5. The best title for this passage would be ______.
A.How Babies Learn to Speak
B.Early Forms of Language
C.A Huge Task for Children
D.Noise Making and Language Learning
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章主题题型，选择最合适的文章题目。文章的题目应该恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容，而不能太窄，即不能涵盖全部内容；但是面也不能太宽，即包含了文中没有阐述的内容。根据这一原则，只有选项A恰当地概括了文章所阐述的内容。选择项B．Early Forms of Language显然范围过大，文章主要是谈及婴儿的早期语言。选择项D．Noise Making and Language Leaning范围又太小，Noise Making只是婴儿早期语言形式的一个方面。C不符合题意，也应排除。
Passage Two Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards speaks creativity in grade -school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards." A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems 'and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.
A.the choice' between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B.the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity
C.the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D.the effects of external rewards on students' performance
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题要求判断心理学家们在谈论何种问题时意见分歧。依据文章第一段Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards，from warm praise to cold cash，affect motivation and creativity．(外部奖励，从热情洋溢的话语表扬到冷冰冰的现金，如何影响一个人的动机和创造力，对这一点，心理学家们采取完全不同的观点。)比照选项D和文章内容，“opposing”和“di vided”相对应，“views”和“attitudes”相对应，“affect”转化到名词“effects”，所以选项D是原文内容的改写，应为正确答案。
2. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their student?
A.They have no doubts about them.
B.They have doubts about them.
C.They approve of them.
D.They avoid talking about them.
A B C D
C
[解析] 作者在第一段中叙述的两种态度。第一种是行为学家的观点：外部奖励促进学习。第二种是认知学派的观点：外部奖励摧毁了学生的创造力。本题要求判断教育家们的态度。依据文章第二段开头The latter view has gained many supporters， especially among educators．(第二种观点获得了许多人的赞成，尤其是教育家们。)可知教育家们的观点应该是和认知学派的观点一致的。因此选项C符合文章的意思，正确。
3. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A.Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B.Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C.Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D.Giving them rewards they anticipate.
A B C D
C
[解析] 依据文章第三段“If kids know they’re working for a reward and focus on a relatively challenging task，they show the most creativity”(如果学生们知道他们学习能够得到奖励，且能够致力于相对具有挑战性的任务，那么他们就能表现出最大创造力…)，Robert Eisenberger紧接着补充“But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance of creating too much anticipation for rewards”也就是说：应掌握好度，不能太过，综上所述，选项C应是最恰当的选择。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______.
A.rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B.punishment is more effective than rewarding
C.failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D.discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
5. The phrase "token economies" ( Para. 5, Line 1 ) probably refers to ______.
A.ways to develop economy
B.systems of rewarding students
C.approaches to solving problems
D.methods of improving performance
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题属于猜测词义类型。可根据修饰说明token economies的非限制性定语从句in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards判断出选项B．systems of rewarding students是最相关的选项，故正确。
Part Ⅴ Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B) ,C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers (地理学家) compare and contrast 1 places on the earth. But they also 2 beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 3 . The word geography 4 from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for "earth" and graphic, 5 means "to write." The English word geography means "to describe the earth." 6 . geography books focus on a small area 7 a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an 8 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another 9 to divide the study of 10 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 11 starts with human beings and 12 how human beings and their environment act 13 each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 14 branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described 15 one who ob serves, records, and explains the 16 between places. If all places 17 alike, there would be lit tie need for geographers. We know, however, 18 no two places are exactly the same. Geography, 19 , is a point of view, a special way of 20 at places.
1.
A.similar
B.various
C.distant
D.famous
A B C D
B
[解析] 形容词辨异。A“相似的，相象的”；B“各种不同的，各种各样的”；C“遥远的，久远的”；D“著名的”。据文意应是“compare and contrast各种不同的地方”。
[解析] 动词辨异及动词固定搭配。A“落下，倒下；减少”；B“移开，拿走”remove sth/sb.from sth/sb相当于take sth/sb.a way from a place；C“result from sth”指“因……而发生；随……而发生”；D“come from始于，源自，来自……”这句话的意思是：地理”这个词来自两个希腊单词。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题