Section A Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
[听力原文] W: I am thinking of sending a parcel to New York next week. Can you tell me what the procedure is, please? M: Certainly. When you ring us, we need the following information: the invoice address, the pickup address if that's different, and a contact phone number. Q: Which of the following details about the sender is not the one Parcel Express needs?
[解析] 从“the invoice address, the pickup address if that's different, and a contact phone number. ”。可知receipt不在包裹快递所需材料之列。
2.
A.purposefully
B.accidentally
C.occasionally
D.all of a sudden
A B C D
A
[听力原文] W: Have you heard it? Gigantic waves of flame had destroyed 800 homes and consumed about 120,000 hectares of land. M: Yes. Authorities said they were seeking 2 men in connection with the fires, which they believe were started deliberately. Q: When were the fires thought to have been started?
[解析] deliberately意为“故意地;从容地”,与选项A同义。
3.
A.Italy.
B.Africa.
C.The Mediterranean region.
D.Places unknown.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: The bodies of dozens of immigrants were discovered off the Italian coast. They all are believed to come from Somalia. M: A coast guard spokesman said 15 of 100 illegal immigrants survived being thrown into the Mediterranean Sea. Q: Where did illegal immigrants come from?
[解析] Somalia(索马里)是非洲国家。
4.
A.France.
B.USA.
C.Spain.
D.Italy.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] W: There has been modest growth in tourism worldwide, despite 2 years of terrorism, war and disease. M: France remains the most popular destination, receiving more than 77 million visitors, followed by Spain, the United States, and Italy. Q: Which country ranks second among leading tourism nations?
[解析] 从“followed by Spain, USA, and Italy. ”可知C正确。
5.
A.adviser
B.computer programmer
C.product designer
D.computer designer
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: So Mr. Johnson, you would like to write material for computers, wouldn't you? M: Yes, ma'ma, that's what interests me most about computers: writing programs. I am sure that career prospects in the computer industry will be very good. Q: What would Mr. Johnson like to work as?
[听力原文] M: Kids, be quiet. Listen to the train announcement. W: Attention all passengers, platform change. The train now standing at platform 9 is the 10:48 train, calling at all stations to Washington. Please note, the 10:52 to New York will now leave from platform 7. Q: Where is the train to Washington now standing?
[解析] 从“The train now standing at platform 9 is the 10:48 train, calling at all stations to Washington. ”可知C正确。
7.
A.She will continue with her diet.
B.She might diet any day.
C.She can't afford expensive food.
D.She is overweight.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: If these prices get any higher, I'll have to go on a diet. M: You should anyway. Q: What does the man tell us?
[解析] 男士说:“You should anyway. ”可见他觉得女士太胖了。
8.
A.It's easy to run the business.
B.Henry will not succeed.
C.Henry is too busy to run the company.
D.Henry has already run the company well.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: Do you think Henry is up to running the business? M: I'm afraid it's over his head. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] it is over his head意为“亨利的能力不够”,故选B。
9.
A.She doesn't like to spend unnecessary money.
B.The man should first count the number of people going.
C.She doesn't have enough money at present.
D.The man shouldn't expect her to go.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] M: I thought it would be fun if we all went to see that movie downtown. W: Count me out. I have heard it isn't worth the money. Q: What does the woman mean?
[解析] count me out意为“不算我”。
10.
A.The sales have been increasing.
B.The sales have been satisfactory.
C.The sales have been the same.
D.The sales haven't been steady.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] W: What are your remarks on the sales for beef?. M: Yeah, the sales for beef have been fiat in recent years. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
[听力原文] M: How about the food in that Chinese taken-away? W: Actually not everyone is happy with the food. Q: What does the woman imply?
[解析] 由“Actually not everyone is happy with the food. ”可知B正确。
12.
A.Some like meat while others like poison.
B.Different people are interested in different things.
C.Meat and poison can be transferred.
D.Meat can be served as poison to some extent.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] M: As they say, one man's meat is another man's poison. W: Sure. Q: What does the man mean?
[解析] one man's meat is another man's poison指“对某人有利的对另外的人未必有利”。
13.
A.Restaurant.
B.Laundries.
C.Gold.
D.Both A and B.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] W: As a professor in history and also a Chinese American, can you use a word to describe the history of Chinese Americans? M: Bitter. For many years it was common in the States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. Q: What had Chinese Americans been associated with for many years in the United States?
[解析] 由“For many years it was common in the States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. ”可知D正确。
14.
A.Mrs. Smith is good at theory but drives poorly.
B.Mrs. Smith always get lost on the road.
C.Mrs. Smith knows little about rules and drives fast.
D.Mrs. Smith doesn't know how to stop the car.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] M: Oh, Mrs. Smith. Keep your eyes on the road! No! You almost collided with the truck. Turn right here, and wait, wait. Stop. How in the world did you pass the written test anyway? W: Oh, sorry about that. It won't happen again. Q: What can be implied from what the man says?
[解析] 从“How in the world did you pass the written test anyway? ”可知史密斯夫人驾驶理论还可以,但实践能力不行。
15.
A.A delicate art.
B.A religion.
C.An exact science.
D.A way of life.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] W: Would you say something about yoga before we begin our first yoga class? M: It's important we learn a few facts about yoga. First of all, it is not a religion. Yoga is a way of life and can serve only to improve your present way of life. Yoga is an exact science and a delicate art. Q: Which of the following statements is not the one to describe yoga according to the conversation?
[解析] 从“First of all, it is not a religion. ”可知B项正确。
Section B Directions: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
[听力原文] W: What are you going to do about those people who haven't got jobs? M: I have every intention of making sure that every possible step is taken. First of all to halt the increase in the unemployment figures, and secondly to provide a meaningful and worthwhile job for every man and woman in the country. W: What about the traffic congestion in the centre of town? M: I am glad you brought that up. I think so many people are concerned with the problems of the environment. It's essential that each one of us realizes the responsibility we all have in the fight against pollution and in the preservation of our cultural and social heritage. We must hope for better time. W: Are you going to do anything for the old age pensioners? M: Of course we are. The retired people of today are the people who built this country, who made it what it is. W: What do you intend to do about the hooligans, then, the kids that go round smashing things up because they haven't been educated to do anything better with their time? M: This is obviously a very serious and difficult problem. Now I don't want you to get the wrong idea. There are thousands of well-meaning, responsible teenagers, and it is my firm conviction that they are in the majority. The trouble is caused by a handful of violent and well-organized louts, and we have no intention of letting them getting away with it.
What does the man promise to do with the unemployment problem?
[解析] 从“First of all to halt the increase in the unemployment figures. ”“首先要停止失业人数的上升。”可知答案为A。
2.
A.It's essential that we should halt the increase of high-technology.
B.It's essential that we should reduce the rate of vehicle production.
C.It's essential that we should be aware of the importance of protecting environment from being polluted.
D.It's essential that we should have better time.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] According to the man, what should people do with traffic congestion?
[解析] 从“It's essential that each one of us realizes the responsibility we all have in the fight against pollution and in the preservation of our cultural and social heritage. ”可知C项最符合原文。
3.
A.They have made their contribution to the country.
B.They are donators.
C.They are down but not out.
D.They are the people what they used to be.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] How does the man evaluate the old age pensioners?
[解析] 从“The retired people of today are the people who built this country, who made it what it is. ”可知A符合。down but not out意为“潦而不倒”。
4.
A.They are in the majority.
B.There is a handful of loafers
C.There are thousands of well-meaning, responsible teenagers.
D.Those who play truant will become hooligans.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What is the wrong idea about the hooligans?
[解析] 从“There are thousands of well-meaning, responsible teenagers, and it is my firm conviction that they are in the majority. ”可知善意的、有责任感的青年人占绝大多数。
5.
A.We have planned to clear the criminals
B.We have no intention of letting them getting away with it.
C.They should be sued.
D.Layabouts have been educated to do anything better.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What does he intend to do about the violent and well-organized louts?
[解析] 从“a handful of violent and well-organized louts, and we have no intention of letting them getting away with it. ”可知B正确。get away with意为“侥幸逃脱处罚”。
[听力原文] Most people probably do not need to take vitamin pills to improve their health. Yet millions of people do. In the United States 40 percent of the people reportedly take vitamin pills. The American Medical Association noted that vitamins can help keep people healthy when used correctly. For example, children may need to take vitamins for a while; pregnant women and women breast-feeding their children may need vitamins; people who do not eat meat or are eating less food to lose weight may need them. In general, other people do not. But they should try to eat moderate amounts of all kinds of foods—fruits and vegetables, grains, milk products, and meat and fish. About half of all Americans who take vitamins use small amounts just to increase their vitamin levels a little. Dr. Callaway notes those daily levels are already a little higher than we need for good health. The health care groups say these people probably are not harming themselves. The other half uses large amounts in an effort to prevent some things as cancer and heart disease. Callaway says that there's no proof that this works. And huge amounts of vitamins, he says, can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin A can damage the liver and bones; too much vitamin B can damage the nerves; too much vitamin C or vitamin D may produce kidney stones.
What may damage one's nerves if being taken too much?
[解析] 文章最后说“too much vitamin B can damage the nerves”,故选A。
2.
A.Moderate amounts of all kinds of foods.
B.Moderate amounts of high calorie food.
C.Moderate amounts of low calorie food.
D.Moderate amounts of high iron food.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What should those who don't have to take vitamin eat?
[解析] 从“But they should try to eat moderate amounts of all kinds of foods”可知答案为A。
3.
A.One fifth.
B.Two fifths.
C.Three fifths.
D.Four fifths.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] In the U.S.A, how many people are reported to take vitamin?
[解析] 从“In the United States 40 percent of the people reportedly take vitamin Pills. ”可知答案为B。
4.
A.Women who are not breast-feeding their children.
B.Vegetarian.
C.People who have much daily product.
D.All the old men.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Which group of people need to take vitamin?
[解析] 从“people who do not eat meat”可知vegetarian符合题意。
5.
A.Vitamins can help keep people healthy when used correctly.
B.Millions of people take vitamin pills to improve their health.
C.People on diet need vitamins.
D.Large amounts of vitamin pills can prevent some things as cancer and heart disease.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
[解析] 从“The other half uses large amounts in an effort to prevent some things as cancer and heart disease. Callaway says that there's no proof that this works”可知这种说法未经证实。the American Medical Association美国医学协会;kidney肾脏;breast-feeding哺乳期。
A.British People like to take a short nap after lunch.
B.British People don't take a short nap after lunch.
C.British People don't feel sleepy after lunch.
D.British People like to sleep twice a day.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Studies of the effect that makes many of us slumber or feel sleepy during the queen's Speech on Christmas Day have revealed that changes may be required in Britain's drink drive legislation. Dr. James Horne, director of the Sleep Research Laboratory at Loughborough University, is investigating post-lunch sleepiness." We humans are designed to sleep twice a day, once at night and a short nap after lunch, but in this part of the world we tend to repress that." It is a remnant of the same primeval programming that makes all animals in the bush rest in the hot afternoon sun to conserve energy. In his studies Dr. Home has been investigating the role of alcohol. The theory is that if you are more sleepy after lunch then it figures that alcohol will be more potent after lunch. One would figure then that a pint of beer at lunchtime has more effect than in the evening, when people are more alert. Indeed, we find that it has about twice the effect. "This has more sinister implications. If people take alcohol up to the legal driving limit, their performance is seriously impaired after lunch," he said. "It seems that alcohol interacts with the circadian rhythm of sleep to cause afternoon sleepiness, so that one pint at lunch time is equivalent, in effect, to a quart in the evening." Dr. Home recommends mild exercise, a splash of cold air or cold water on the face, or a cup of coffee. Otherwise, take a cat nap. But this should be less than 15 minutes, "otherwise, sleep really sets in and one can wake up feeling very groggy and far sleepier than to be gained with."
What does the passage imply?
[解析] 文中提到“We humans are designed to sleep twice a day, once at night and a short nap after lunch, but in this part of the world we tend to repress that. ”,故选B。
2.
A.All animals in the bush.
B.The remnant of the same primeval programming.
C.The same primeval programming.
D.All animals in the world.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Who take a rest in the hot afternoon sun?
[解析] 从“It is a remnant of the same primeval programming that makes all animals in the bush rest in the hot afternoon sun to conserve energy. ”可知答案为A。
3.
A.Alcohol will be less potent after lunch.
B.A pint of beer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening, it can cause afternoon sleepiness
C.People are more alert at lunchtime.
D.It is not legal to drink at lunchtime.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Why oughtn't most drivers drink at all at lunchtime?
[解析] 从“so that one pint at lunch time is equivalent, in effect, to a quart in the evening. ”可知中午喝1品脱啤酒相当于晚上喝1夸脱(2品脱)。
4.
A.You will be refreshed.
B.You will be waken up.
C.You will feel far sleepier.
D.You will take a cat nap.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] According to the passage, if you sleep more than 15 minutes after lunch, what will happen?
[解析] 由“But this should be less than 15 minutes, otherwise, sleep really sets in and one can wake up feeling very groggy and far sleepier than to be in with. ”可知C正确。
5.
A.People are not allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.
B.People are still allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.
C.People are still allowed to drive after they drink one pint at lunchtime.
D.None.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What can be inferred from this passage? [解析] 从“One would figure then that a pint of beer at lunchtime has more effect than in the evening, when people are more alert. Indeed, we find that it has about twice the effect. ”This has more sinister implications. “If people take alcohol up to the legal driving limit, their performance is seriously impaired after lunch. ”可知。
PartⅡ Vocabulary
Section A Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. An enormous number of people in the world's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______.
Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase, which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.
PartⅢ Cloze Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not 1 known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment fails in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be 2 This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, researches over the past few decades have produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. 3 , however, we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved 4 , but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by 5 on the type of education that already appears to have a positive effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar 6 per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become 7 only recently. In China, lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century for the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990's or early in the next century, 8 prompt effective action is taken against the habit—indeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the world. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance. First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now 9 ; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial 10 on many other diseases.
PartⅣ Reading Comprehension Directions: In this section there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor's office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online "virtual visits" between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 8,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won't have to skip work to tend to minor ailment or to follow up on chronic conditions. "With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time," says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies. Doctors aren't clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. "We are not stupid," says Stirling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley Employers group. "Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work." In the pilot program, physicians will get $ 20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit. Doctors also fear they'll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what's needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx's "Smart Symptom Wizard" questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face to face visit. Can E-mail replace the doctor's office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what's wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor's groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor's visits offer a "very narrow" sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic. The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet's record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is "a huge roll of the dice for Healinx," notes Michael Barrett, and analyst at Internet consulting from Forester Research. If the "Web visits" succeed, expect some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren't satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.
1. The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ______.
A.rewarding their employees
B.gratifying the local hospitals
C.boosting worker productivity
D.testing a sophisticated technology
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。答案在第一段第三句:“...hope that online visits will means employees won't have to skip work to tend to minor ailment or to follow up on chronic conditions. ”意思是:……希望网上看病将意味着员工不必因为照看小病和慢性病而减少工作。
2. What can be learned about the on-line doctor's visits?
3. Of the following people, who are not involved in the program?
A.Cisco System employees.
B.Advice nurses in the clinic.
C.Doctors at three local hospitals.
D.Oracle executives.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。答案在第四段最后一句:“...the virtual doctor's visits offer a "very narrow" sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic. ”意思是:网上访问医师提供了存在于后面两者之间的很窄范围的服务。这两者是指给咨询护士打电话和去诊所看病。”
4. According to Para. 2, doctors are ______.
A.reluctant to serve online for nothing
B.not interested in web consultation
C.too tired to talk to the patients online
D.content with $20 paid per Web visit
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。此问题答案在第二段这句话中:“Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work. ”可知医生并不愿意义务提供在线服务。
5. "Smart Symptom Wizard" is capable of ______.
A.making diagnoses
B.producing prescriptions
C.profiling patients' illness
D.offering a treatment plan
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。答案在第三段的这个句子里:“'Smart' Symptom Wizard' questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. ”其中profile是“扼要描述”的意思。
Passage Two It is common to think that other animals are ruled by instinct whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by reason, and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of Psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be blind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work so well—because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take normal behavior for granted. We do not realize that normal behavior needs to be explained at all. This instinct blindness makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the natural seem strange. It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of an instinctive human act. In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural—it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons. Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoid the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon that would surprise their grandmothers and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problems we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But our natural competences—our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others—are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists—we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind.
1. William James believed that man is more flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more ______.
A.adaptive
B.reasonable
C.instinctive
D.sophisticated
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。第一段说:“It was (and is) common to think that other animals are ruled by instinct whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by reason, and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William James, in his book Principles of Psychology, took the opposite view. ”这表明人们通常认为动物受本能的控制,人受理智控制。而William James持相反的观点。
2. What do we usually think of our normal behavior?
A.It is controlled by powerful thoughts.
B.It is beyond the study of psychology.
C.It doesn't need to be explained.
D.It doesn't seem to be natural sometimes.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。答案在第一段的这个句子中:“As a result, we take normal behavior for granted. We do not realize that normal behavior needs to be explained at all. ”意思是:因此我们对我们的正常的行为都视以为当然。我们认为这些行为根本不需要解释。
3. According to the author, which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologists?
A.Why do we smile when pleased?
B.Why do we love our children?
C.How do we appreciate beautiful things?
D.How do we reason and process information?
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。注意第二段的这些句子:“...cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problems we are bad at, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But our natural competences-our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad others...This machinery works so well that we don't even realize that it exists...we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind. ”这表明心理学家所关心研究的就是非天赋的、非本能的能力以及最不擅长的事,而忽视研究我们那些自然的能力。A、B、C都是我们自然的能力,故答案选D,即我们如何推理和加工信息。
4. The author thinks that psychology is to ______.
A.take the normal behavior for granted
B.make the natural seem strange
C.study abnormal competences
D.make easy things difficult
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。见第一段倒数第二句:“To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the natural seem strange. ”意思是:为了解决这个问题,James表示我们正努力把自然的事变得奇怪。
5. The author stresses that our natural abilities are ______.
A.not replaced by reasoning
B.the same as other animals'
C.not as complex as we think
D.worth studying
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。见文章最后这句:“As a result, psychologists have neglected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind. ”意思是:因此,心理学家忽视了研究人类头脑中最有趣的一些机制。
Passage Three Osteoporosis used to be called "the silent disease" because its victims didn't know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether. For post-menopausal women, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture. Unfortunately, it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the risk of breast cancer. To bypass such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) emulate estrogen with slight modifications. Another drug, alendronate, reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs, however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them. The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best time to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated. Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone strength by as much as 20 percent. Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is vitamin D, which aides calcium absorption. Vitamin D comes from sunlight, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don't get outside. The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that the body puts on it. These are the simple steps that can help make "the silent disease" truly silent.
1. Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis ______.
A.used to be effective in post-menopausal women
B.is most frequently prescribed by doctors
C.works perfectly on post-menopausal women
D.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects
5. The author of this passage focuses on the ______ of osteoporosis.
A.alternative treatment
B.early diagnosis
C.treatment and prevention
D.resulting damages
A B C D
C
[解析] 主旨题。根据对全文的分析可知,本文主要讨论的是如何治疗和预防骨质疏松症。
Passage Four WHY SHOULD anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 year's time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade. When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for name of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to "other quality newspapers" too.) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn't file copy on time; some who did send too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls. There remains the dinner-party game of who's in, who's out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christies entry in Missing Persons) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America). It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known. Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: "Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility". Then there had to be more women, too (12 percent, against the original DBN's 3), such as Roy Strong's subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: "Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory." Doesn't seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, "except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke".
1. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ______.
A.because it is not worth the price
B.because it has fewer entries than before
C.unless one has all the volumes in the collection
D.unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。短文第一段第四句说“And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. ”由此可知,这一整套书共有31册,只买一册就没什么意义了,故答案选C。
2. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ______.
[解析] 细节题。文章只是在第三段谈到了Crippen未被收录进名人词典,该段的最后一句说“But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy. ”通篇没有说明Crippen未被收录进词典的原因。因此选项C为正确答案。
4. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ______.
A.illustrate some features of the DNB
B.give emphasis to his argument
C.impress the reader with its content
D.highlight the people in the Middle Ages
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。最后一段作者以Hugo为例,没有记录其生死年月(dates of birth and death are not recorded);接着说对于画家Levina Teerlinc的描述也不能让人觉得她是位值得纪念的艺术家(Doesn't seem to qualify her as a memorable artist)。从以上内容可知,作者引用一些条目是为了强调说明自己的观点:DNB的编纂方法与内容存在问题。
5. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards the DNB was ______.
Passage Five When most people think about changing their body shape, they usually focus on just losing weight. Books and magazines about dieting are among the most popular in the world. Dieting is an important part of staying fit and healthy, but losing weight by means of dieting takes time; losing weight too fast can cause great health problems. Dieting means change one's eating habits to a healthier pattern, but many women mistake the concept of dieting and thinking that the less one eats, the better. As a result, they lose health as well as weight. Aerobic exercise is a moderate intensity workout that, over a certain period of time, will provide the body's use of oxygen. Nowadays, aerobic exercise has become a very trendy workout among youths. Not only is performing aerobic exercise interesting, but it is also very beneficial for health. There are different types of aerobics like jogging, swimming, kickboxing, fitness walking, inline skating, bicycling, etc. Aerobics strengthens the heart and lungs. It is also especially popular with women. But neither of these two methods, dieting and aerobics, can help shape the body. To do this, you need to build muscle. So, if a firmer and shapelier body is your goal, 60 percent of your exercise routine should involve strengthening moves, and only 30 percent should be aerobic exercises. For a proper body-shaping routine, you should plan three strength-training sessions a week with weights. Use weights which are as heavy as possible while still allowing you to do 8 to 12 reps of each exercise. Do one to three exercises for each muscle groups—for example, chest and biceps, or back, shoulders and triceps. You should combine this with fast-paced aerobics activities, like swimming, cycling, walking, running, or in-line skating. Plan three to four workouts a week, 15 to 20 minutes each, increasing the pace each week. As you build muscle, you may find that you gain weight in spite of all of your calorie-burning exercise. Don't worry. It's probably muscle, which is denser that fat. And muscle is also a calorie-burning tissue. With more muscle, you can bum more calories, even when you are not exercising. When you are trying to build muscle, you need two to three servings of protein a day, but the main part of your diet should be carbohydrates. And in order to get the energy you need for a high-intensity workout, you should eat something, especially carbohydrates, an hour or so before your workout. While weight training will firm and shape your body, it has other benefits too. It improves bone and muscle strength and bums calories, leading to improved health and a higher quality of life.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about dieting?
A.Dieting is about changing one's eating habits.
B.Dieting does not necessarily mean eating less that one used to
C.Dieting does not necessarily mean losing weight.
D.Losing weight is bound to cause great health problems.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。D的说法非常绝对,不符合原文“losing weight too fast can cause great health problems”,原文提到can,并不是be bound to(一定),故答案为D。
2. "Workouts" include all the following except ______.
A.bicycling
B.dieting
C.weight training
D.aerobic exercise
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理题。由第二段的“Aerobic exercise is a moderate intensity workout that, ...”可知workout是“(体能)运动”的意思,四个选项只有dieting与运动无关,是“控制饮食”的意思。故答案为B。
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions given in the passage?
A.Exercise should be done for each major group of muscles.
B.When you do weight-training, the weights you use should be as heavy as possible.
C.Go on a proper diet for muscle-building.
D.Muscle-building exercise should be combined with aerobic activities.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理题。文章虽然提到Use weights which are as heavy as possible,但是后面还有一句while still allowing you to do 8 to 12 reps of each exercise,就是在允许你可以举8~12次的情况下,越重越好。所以B选项不正确。故答案为B。
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Muscle-building exercise results in weight-gaining, but that is not a problem to worry about.
B.Muscle helps one keep fit.
C.Improved muscle strength can lead to a higher quality of life.
D.Weight-training helps shape up your body.
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理题。C选项的定位为“It improves bone and muscle strength and bums calories, leading to improved health and a higher quality of life. ”而It指代“While weight training will firm and shape your body, it has other benefits too. ”中的weight training,而非muscles strength。故答案为C。
5. What's the ultimate purpose of strength-training with weights?
A.To increase the pace of your aerobic exercise.
B.To burn more calories and lose weight.
C.To build muscle and lose weight.
D.To shape your body and make your life more enjoyable.
A B C D
D
[解析] 由文中的叙述可知weight-training "firm and shape your body" 并且 "leading to improved health and a higher quality of life" ,既可以塑形又可以提高生活质量。故答案为D。
Passage Six This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one's parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government. That does not mean it hasn't generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the "Sue Your Son" law. Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up. Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the end of the century that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 26%. The problem is not old age per se. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline. But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net. Traditionally, a person's insurance against poverty in his old age was his family, lifts is not a revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian. Care and support for one's parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies. The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one's parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. A husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents. In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged. Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who aren't getting relatives' support? They have several options: (a) get a job and work until they die; (b) apply for public assistance (you have to be destitute to apply); or (c) starve quietly. None of these options is socially acceptable. And what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages? The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust. Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bill's effect would be far more subtle. First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individual's—not society's—responsibility to look after his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea. It reinforces the traditional values and it doesn't hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values. Second, and more important, it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a person asked family elders, clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas. But to be sued by one's parents would be a massive loss of face. It would be a public disgrace. Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say, "Sue will be damned." The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengthened. It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial. It would be nice to think Singapore doesn't need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bends. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.
1. By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population, the author seems to imply that ______.
A.the country will face mounting problems of the old in future
B.the social welfare system would be under great pressure
C.young people should be given more moral education
D.the old should be provided with means of livelihood
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。短文通过具体数字告诉我们,在新加坡确实存在老龄人口比例增大的问题,这所带来的影响是:“It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline. ”即国家将面临严重的经济问题。故选项A为正确答案。
2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A.Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by law.
B.Fathers have legal obligations to look after their children.
C.It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue working.
D.The Advisory Council was dissatisfied with the problems of the old.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。短文第七段第二句说:“A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. ”这与B的说法一致。
3. The author seems to suggest that traditional values ______.
A.play an insignificant role in solving social problems
B.are helpful to the elderly when they sue their children
C.are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness
D.are significant in helping the Bill get approved
4. The author thinks that if the Bill becomes law, its effect would be ______.
A.indirect
B.unnoticed
C.apparent
D.straightforward
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。短文第十段最后一句说“If it does indeed become law, the bill's effect would be far more subtle. ”在接下来的几段里,作者讲到赡养父母是个人的责任,并非社会的责任。而有些人碍于情面,不得不重新考虑赡养父母的问题。因此该议案起到了间接的作用。故选项A为正确答案。
5. At the end of the passage, the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon ______.
A.strict enforcement
B.public support
C.government assurance
D.filial awareness
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理题。文章的最后一句说“Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place. ”这句话表明该议案是否成功要看它能否激励人们维护传统道德观念,而不是首先考虑对簿公堂,故D项“孝顺意识”为正确答案。
PartⅤ Writing
1. Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 护士在糖尿病护理中既可以发挥专家的作用,也可以只承担其中的部分护理工作。不管是何种场所的护理,都应强调病人的自我护理。 自我护理是处理糖尿病的关键,开始得越早越好。不过,当糖尿病患者确实需要帮助时,就必须由知识丰富的专业健康人士提供。 传统上,英国的糖尿病教育是由糖尿病专科护理师承担的,他们还承担着其他临床、治疗和研究工作。有些教育是以一对一的方式进行的,但健康专业人士已逐渐认识到,糖尿病患者互相间也能学到很多东西,因此,小组教育已经成为一种标准,还可以邀请同伴或家人参加。邀请家庭食品采购和烹制人员加入教育也很重要。他可能是家庭成员之一,也可能是家务女工或疗养院护理员。 随着社区内糖尿病人数的增加,执业护士和地区护士已经承担了过去由糖尿病护理专家所从事的很多工作。因此,他们也将参与糖尿病教育的计划和实施。今天,由于糖尿病护理专家都是在医院工作,很多糖尿病患者,特别是二型糖尿病患者,都看不到这些护理专家。 当今技术的发展,使人们的健康咨询方式发生了很大变化。电话或因特网已经成为获取健康信息的常用手段。结果,越来越多的人开始求助于拥有有用(有时也是令人迷惑)信息的健康专业人士,他们的信息或者来自上述渠道,或者来自电台、电视和朋友。伯明翰正在尝试举办数字电视互动式健康咨询节目,一些健康促进机构已经接触这些节目和互动CD光盘。 这都为病人提供了更多的选择,应该受到欢迎。这可能意味着,护士的角色将发生变化,她们将不再是第一个提供信息的人,新的重要角色将出现,包括解释信息对个人及其朋友和亲属的意义、创办论坛,以及讨论如何实施建议。 护理糖尿病患者的护士必须有共同的工作目标,因此,制定目标和决定病情优先处理顺序便成为护理的重要因素。研究表明,糖尿病并发症可以预防。如果确实出现并发症,其恶化进程也可以减缓。关键是要控制血糖。 一型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白目标是7.5%,二型为低于7%。血压是导致糖尿病并发症的一个因素,两种糖尿病的血压都应低于140/80mmHg,且越低越好。当然应以不出现低血压症状为宜。 注意:写作部分要求50分钟内完成。
[范文] The nurse's role in diabetes care may be as a specialist or as part of general care—primary or secondary. Diabetes education in the UK has, traditionally, been undertaken by diabetes specialist nurses alongside their other clinical, management and research roles. As the number of people in the community who have diabetes has increased, practice nurses and district nurses have taken on tasks that were previously in the domain of the diabetes nurse specialist. The increased choice for patients to access health information may mean that nurses' roles will change and that they will no longer be the first information-givers, but other important roles will develop. These will include interpreting what the information means to people individually and to their friends and relatives, and creating forums for discussions about how to put the advice into action. Nurses caring for patients with diabetes need to be working towards the same objectives, therefore target-setting and determining priorities for managing their condition are important aspects of care. The target for glycated haemoglobin for those with type 1 diabetes is 7.5% and below 7% for those with type 2. Blood pressure is known to be a factor in diabetic complications.