How does an earthquake start? What makes an earthquake happen? The rock of the earth's crust (地壳) may have a fault, a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move, and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways (纵向地) against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force, a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations (振动) and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece. What to do during an earthquake? At school As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should, at the same time, go immediately to the teacher's desk, get underneath (在……下面) it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions. As soon as the tremors (震动) stop, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go. At home If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony (阳台). Once the tremors have stopped, you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift-there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours. In the street If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, fences or walls--move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.
1. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world's largest telescope (望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家) further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 metres up to the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away. 2. This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision (碰撞) of galaxies (星系) on the edge of the cosmos (宇宙). The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed. 3. Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explosive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays (紫外线) and it will destroy itself in a few million years' time. It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for! 4. But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light years that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first- ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. 5. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time, and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born. A. Enents that Took Place before the Earth Existed B. Power of the Telescope C. Details of Eta Carinae D. Invention of a Time Machine E. Biggest Telescope
1. Paragraph 1 ______.
E
[解析] 文章第一段主要介绍的是世界上最大的望远镜的大小，故E为正确答案。
2. Paragraph 2 ______.
B
[解析] 文章第二段主要介绍了LTV的功能有多大，故B为正确答案。
3. Paragraph 3 ______.
C
[解析] 文章第三段介绍了Eta Carinae的情况，故C为正确答案。
4. Paragraph 4 ______.
A
[解析] 文章第四段的主意体现在最后一句话里，选项A体现了这句话的意思，故为正确答案。
5. A. its detecting power B. millions of light years away in space C. the location of the VLT D. as an example E. the birth of the earth F. the rotation of the earth The VLT will allow scientists to see events ______.
B
[解析] 文章第二段最后一句提到了这句话的意思。
6. The designers of the V1T are surprised at ______.
A
[解析] 文章第二段最后一句也概括提到了这句话的意思。
7. Eta Carinae is taken ______.
D
[解析] 文章第三段谈到Eta Carmae的时候是把它作为一个例子来讲的，故D为答案。
8. Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about ______.
E
[解析] 文章最后一段最后一句提到了这句话的意思。
第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Academic Mobility
Scholars and students have always been great travelers. "Academic mobility" is now often stated as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold. Mobility of this kind means also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have an interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassured to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect. In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last twenty years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aero plane, making contact between scholars even in most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge. Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students. In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests ale precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.
1. It can be concluded from the passage that "academic mobility" ______.
A.means the friendship formed by scholars on the trip
B.is a program initiated by governments
C.has been put great emphasis on in the world
D.means going abroad in search of the best teacher
3. In the eyes of the author, what happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?
A.He risks his ideas being stolen
B.He gains recognition for his achievement
C.He is considered as an eccentric
D.He is credited with a startling discovery
A B C D
B
[解析] 观点推断题，文中第二段提到“The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues”，本段最后一句提到“one was not quite alone”，当一位学者与其同事分享观点想法时，从而会得到其他人对他的成就的认可。而A选项文中完全未曾涉及过。C、D选项均为与其相反的对比结果，故均可排除。
4. According to the passage, the recent growth in air travel has meant that ______.
A.travel around the world becomes realistic and affordable
B.more students from remote areas can attend universities
C.all kinds of information can be shared by more people
D.scholars can meet each other more easily
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题，第三段最后一句说“...the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in most distant places immediately feasible...”，与选项D意思一致，文中还提到“providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”，但A、B、C项均不符合。
5. The author thinks that it's important for scholars to be able to travel because ______.
A.their laboratories are in remote places
B.there is too much stress at universities
C.their fellow experts are scattered around the world
D.there are so many people working in similar fields
A B C D
C
[解析] 观点推断题，根据文章最后一句，如果这些专家不能和其他国家的同样独立的群体保持联系的话，他们就会在一种与世隔绝的状态下工作。而由文章第二段可知这些人“in other parts of the world”，因此旅行就尤为重要。A、B项并未提及。D项未切中题目。
第二篇
Immigration
Immigration is the act of coming to a foreign country to live. The act of leaving one's country to settle in another is called emigration. Immigrants who flee their country because of persecution, war, or such disasters as famines or epidemic are known as refugees or displaced persons (DP's). Most people find it very hard to pull up roots in their native land and move to a strange country. But throughout history, countless millions of people have done so. The heaviest immigration worldwide took place from the early 1800's to the Great Depression-the economic hard times of the 1930's. In that period, about 60 million people moved to a new land. Most came from Europe. More than half immigrated to the United States. Other destinations included Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Today, the availability of fast, safe and cheap transportation helps make migration easier. Asia is replacing Europe as the major immigrant-sending area. The United States remains the chief receiving nation. People forsake their homeland and move to another country for various reasons. The main reason for immigration has long been economic opportunity-the lure of better land or a better job. During the 1800's, for example, the rich prairie land of the United States and Canada attracted many European farmers. Today, professional people commonly emigrated because of better opportunities elsewhere. Such emigration has sometimes been called brain drain. For example, many Philippine doctors and nurses and numerous Indian engineers and scientists have moved to the United States and Australia. Religious persecution has led many people to move to a new land for the freedom to practice their faith. Such immigrants include Jews expelled from England in the 1200's. Wars, revolutions, and political unrest have driven innumerable people to find new homes. In the 1990's alone, millions of refugees fled from .warfare in Iraq, Rwanda, Liberia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Some immigrants were brought to a new land against their will. From the 1500's to the 1800's, Europeans shipped black Africans to the Western Hemisphere as slaves. The United Kingdom transported convicts to Australia from the late 1700's to the 1860's to relieve over crowding in British jails. Before that time, the United Kingdom sent convicts to the American colonies. Immigrants have made enormous contributions to the culture and economy of such nations as Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States. But their accomplishments have been made with great difficulty. Many of the receiving countries have restricted immigration to maintain a homogeneous society in which all the people shared the same ethnic, geographic, and cultural background. Although some immigration laws have been relaxed, many newcomers of different backgrounds still face challenges in gaining acceptance.
1. Most immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century came from ______.
Would you like to lose weight fast? Would you like to make $5,000 a month for your home? Yes or no, you are more likely to find such unsolicited offers flooding your E-mall inbox these days than ever before, along with a free trial for professional teeth whitening and a low-rate mortgage. Such E-mail, best known by its pejorative appellation, spam, has been annoying Internet users for years. But in the last three months, Spam has been spiked. Spare-watchers attribute the escalation to a combination of factors. In a slumping economy, companies going out of business may be selling their lists of customer E-mail addresses to pay off creditors. Mailing tactics have also improved. Online marketers have always selected addresses from Web sites, but with the growth of sites like eBay, the online auction service where thousands of people post their E-mail addresses, automated sweeps of the World Wide Web for E-mail addresses are obtaining more results. Many now use "dictionary attacks," in which a computer automatically matches combinations of thousands of common words and names with long lists of large domain names (amyfritz@yahoo.com, amyfritz@hotmail.com and so on) sends E-mail messages to all of them, much like telemarketers dialing numbers in sequence. As a result, even people who have made efforts to keep their E-mail addresses private will find their mailboxes stuffed with suggestions on how to make money fast or reduce their debts simply and easily. Marketers worry that people who feel constantly assaulted by junk E-mail are less likely to trust any commercial communication by E-mails, even from businesses they might otherwise be happy to hear from, like a retailer alerting them to a sale on an item they are, interested in. To shield themselves from junk E-mail, many Internet users have become increasingly wary of divulging their addresses. Some mainstream marketers are already beginning to see the effects of resistance to junk E-mail. Only a year ago, advertisers were raving about the response rates to targeted E-mail, which could reach as high as 20 percent. But that number is falling fast. Still, critics say some online retailers with well-known brand names also contribute to the problem by automatically adding customers to an E-mail list unless they specifically ask to be kept off. United Airlines, Amazon. com and Martha Stewart. corn, among others, all require customers to uncheck the "yes" box on their Web site that asks if they would like to receive E-mail from them-or, in some cases, an unspecified list of advertising "partners" . Some times, it is not entirely clear that there is a choice involved. The difficulty of defining Spam is one reason-efforts to pass federal legislation to stop it have foundered. Critics have compared junk E-mail to unsolicited faxes, which are illegal under a law that was passed when receiving a fax was quite expensive.
3. The damage done by Spam to businesses can be shown in ______.
A.the distrust of customers in commercial communication by E-mail
B.the interest of customers in E-mails alerting them to sales
C.the happiness of customers in giving out their addresses
D.the reluctance of customers to use the Internet
A B C D
A
[解析] 见第七段：商家担心顾客会因为时常被垃圾邮件骚扰而不再相信任何商业邮件。
4. Well-known online retailers, which contribute to the Spam problem by automatically adding customers to an E-mail list unless they specifically ask to be kept off, including ______.
Many people believe sharks (鲨鱼) are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans. 1 A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, U.S., proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. 2 There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. "People fear what they don't know," said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play Qn important role in the ocean's food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection." 3 A study, published in January in the U.S. magazine, Science, found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past 8 to 15 years. Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. 49 "Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks," said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium's ocean health programme. 4 A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and fee! B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans. C. In fact, 94 percent of the world's 400 species are harmless to humans. D. It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in order to protect these special fish. E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children. F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 meter long.
[解析] And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children：为了清楚地说明这一点，博物馆专门为孩子们搭建了一个可以进行触摸(鲨鱼)的水池。第二段主要讲鲨鱼并不经常攻击人类，为了证明这一点，博物馆……选项E放入空格处很连贯，与原文意思相符，故E为正确答案。
3.
B
[解析] 此段的第一句被删除了，要求考生补全。空格后面举例说明过去8至15年内鲨鱼种群消亡了多少，选项B(A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans.)显然是本段的主题句，概括本段的意思，故B为正确答案。
[解析] 文章最后一段谈到现在的一些捕鲨方式快把鲨鱼捕尽了，选项D的意思是：这种情况令人担忧，有些地区已经采取措施来保护这些特殊的鲨鱼(It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in order to protect these special fish.)，可见D是正确的。
第6部分：完形填空 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Symbolic Process
The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process. Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are 1 things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value. Almost all fashionable clothes are 2 symbolic, so is food. We 3 our furniture to serve 4 visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses 5 the basis of a feeling that it "looks well" to have a "good address." We trade perfectly good cars in for 6 models not always to get better transportation, but to give 7 to the community that we can 8 it. Such complicated and apparently. 9 behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, "why can't human beings 10 simply and naturally." Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative 11 of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no 12 for wanting to 13 to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process 14 instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its 15 .
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题