1. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.
A.despair
B.difficulties
C.need
D.danger
A B C D
D
[解析] 画线词distress为形容词，意为“危难”，in distress意为“遇难，在困境中”。A项despair意为“绝望”，in despair意为“绝望地，失望地”；例：He gave up the struggle in despair.他在绝望中放弃了斗争。B项difficulties意为“困难”，in difficulties意为“处境困难”；例：The unexpected storm landed me in great difficulties.突发的暴风雨使我陷入了极端困难的境地。C项need意为“需要，必要之物”，in need意为“需要，在危难中”；例：He was so much in need of succor, so totally alone.他当时孑然一身，特别需要援助。D项danger意为“危险”，in danger意为“在危险中”；例：Try to keep cool when you're in danger.遇到危险时要保持冷静。故本题选D。
2. It's an advisable idea to get out of the dispute.
A.wise
B.urgent
C.useless
D.proper
A B C D
A
[解析] 画线词advisable为形容词，意为“明智的，可取的，适当的”。A项wise意为“明智的，聪明的”；例：He was accounted as a wise man.他被认为是一个很明智的人。B项urgent意为“紧急的，紧迫的”；例：You seem to be unaware of how urgent the situation is.你好像没有意识到形势是多么的紧迫。C项useless意为“无用的，无效的”；例：A well devoid of water is useless.无水的井是毫无用途的。D项proper意为“适当的，正派的”；例：Don't restrict her proper activities.不要限制她的正当活动。故本题选A。
3. I have to go at once.
A.soon
B.immediately
C.now
D.early
A B C D
B
[解析] 画线词组at once为动词词组，意为“马上”。A项soon意为“很快”；例：We'll have lunch soon.我们很快就要吃午饭了。B项immediately意为，“马上”；例：It's getting late. We must go back home immediately.越来越晚了，我们得马上回家。C项now意为“现在”；例：If we leave now we'll be there before dark.如果我们现在就离开，在天黑前就到那里了。D项early“早”；例：Mary gets up very early.玛丽起得很早。故本题选B。
4. There was no alternative but to close the road.
A.way
B.means
C.choice
D.reason
A B C D
C
[解析] 画线词组alternative为名词，意为“二中择一，可替代的选择”。A项way意为“方法，道路”；例：They held this way to be workable.他们认为这个方法是可行的。B项means意为“手段，方法，财产”；例：He regarded his marriage merely as a means to an end.他仅把结婚当作达到目的的手段。C项choice意为“选择，抉择”；例：I didn't regret the choice I had made.我做了这个选择并不后悔。D项reason意为“理由，理性”；例：His reason for being absent is suspect.他缺席的理由不足为信。故本题选C。
5. He seems bizarre these days.
A.unusual
B.absent-minded
C.crazy
D.lunatic
A B C D
A
[解析] 画线词bizarre为形容词，意为“奇异的，异乎寻常的”。A项unusual意为“不寻常的，与众不同的”；例：An unusual painting arrested his attention.一幅与众不同的画引起了他的注意。B项absent-minded意为“心不在焉的，健忘的”；例：He always has an absent-minded manner.他总是一副心不在焉的样子。C项crazy意为“疯狂的，着迷的”；例：He is still crazy about both his work and his hobbies.他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。D项lunatic意为“疯狂的，精神错乱的”；例：The man's lunatic behavior is a menace to society.那个人的疯狂行为对社会构成了威胁。故本题选A。
6. We're happy to collaborate with you in the project.
A.compete
B.cooperate
C.coordinate
D.contend
A B C D
B
[解析] 画线词collaborate为动词，意为“合作，协作”。A项compete意为“竞争，比赛”；例：We can compete with the best teams.我们能与最好的团队竞争。B项cooperate意为“合作，配合”；例：I note that she was not willing to cooperate.我注意到她并不愿意合作。C项coordinate意为“调整，协调”；例：We must coordinate our operations with theirs.我们必须使我们的行动与他们的行动协调一致。D项contend意为“竞争，主张，斗争”；例：A hundred flowers contend in beauty.百花争艳。故本题选B。
7. This text is too difficult to comprehend.
A.understand
B.digest
C.summarize
D.read
A B C D
A
[解析] 画线词comprehend为动词，意为“理解”。A项understand意为“理解，懂得”；例：You don't understand the poetry of life.你不理解生活的诗意。B项digest意为“消化，吸收”；例：The baby is too small to digest food.婴儿太小，难以消化食物。C项summarize意为“总结，概述”；例：I tell you the general terms, and then let the chairman summarize.我给你们讲一讲大致情况，然后请主席作总结性发言。D项read意为“阅读，读懂”；例：She read the letter more carefully the second time.她再次看信时更仔细了。故本题选A。
8. For young children getting dresses is a complicated business.
A.personal
B.strange
C.funny
D.complex
A B C D
D
[解析] 画线词complicated意为“复杂的”。A项personal意为“个人的，亲自的”；例：It's all a matter of personal taste.这纯粹是个人的兴趣问题。B项strange意为“奇怪的，陌生的”；例：He landed up in a strange city.他来到一座陌生的城市。C项funny意为“有趣的，滑稽的”；例：He perched a funny little hat on his head.他在头上放了一顶滑稽的小帽子。D项complex意为“复杂的”；例：People are not only complex but also highly variable.人不仅是复杂的，而且也是多变的。故本题选D。
9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.
A.go to
B.prepare for
C.speak to
D.do to
A B C D
A
[解析] 画线词attend为动词，意为“参加”。A项go to意为“参加”；例：We'll go to her birthday party tomorrow.我们明天去参加她的生日聚会。B项prepare for意为“为……做准备”；例：Will you help me prepare for the wedding ceremony?你能帮我准备婚礼仪式吗?C项speak to意为“跟……说话；给……作报告”；例：You must speak to him. He doesn't listen to me.你得跟他谈谈了，他不听我的。D项do to意为“为……做事”；例：What did you do to her?你为她做了些什么?故本题选A。
10. He have made up his mind to give up smoking.
A.tried
B.attempted
C.agreed
D.decided
A B C D
D
[解析] 画线短语make up one's mind为动词短语，意为“打定主意，决定”。A项try意为“设法”；例：We are all trying to improve our English.我们正设法提高我们的英语水平。B项attempt意为“试图”；例：We attempted to quit smoking, but failed.我们试图戒烟，但没有成功。C项agree意为“同意”；例：They might not agree with her opinion.他们可能不同意她的意见。D项decide意为“决定”；例：He decided not to do that.他决定不做那件事。故本题选D。
11. Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.
A.disrupt
B.diagnose
C.evaporate
D.cure
A B C D
D
[解析] 画线词remedy为动词，意为“治疗；补救”。A项disrupt意为“破坏；分裂”；例：They made several attempts to disrupt our meetings.他们屡次试图破坏我们的集会。B项diagnose意为“诊断”；例：Routine tests will diagnose the condition accurately.常规检查会准确地诊断病情。C项evaporate为动词词组，意为“蒸发；使脱水”；例：Heat evaporates water.热使水蒸发。D项cure意为“治疗”；例：Herbal medicine can be used to cure sleeplessness.草药可用来治疗失眠。故本题选D。
12. We have to put up with her behavior.
A.tolerate
B.accept
C.swallow
D.take
A B C D
A
[解析] 画线词组put up with为动词词组，意为“忍耐”。A项tolerate意为“忍耐”；例：The workers cannot tolerate the long hours.工人无法忍受长时间的工作。B项accept意为“接受”；例：Will you accept our invitation?你会接受我们的邀请吗?C项swallow意为“吞下”；例：Her excuse was obviously a lie, but Jack swallowed it whole.她的理由明显是在说谎，但是杰克全盘接受。D项take意为“拿；取”；例：You can take anything you like.你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。故本题选A。
13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning.
A.ended
B.abandoned
C.built
D.strengthened
A B C D
B
[解析] 画线词组原形give up为动词词组，意为“放弃”。A项end意为“结束”；例：The government acted to end bakers' strike in the city.政府采取行动结束了城里面包师的罢工。B项abandon意为“放弃”；例：Mary has abandoned the hope of marrying.玛丽已经放弃了结婚的希望。C项build意为“建立；加强”；例：Tension is building between the two nations.两国之间的紧张关系正在上升。D项strengthen意为“加强”；例：Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.几年来我们的友谊稳步增进。故本题选B。
14. I seldom watch TV.
A.rarely
B.frequently
C.normally
D.occasionally
A B C D
A
[解析] 画线词seldom为副词，意为“很少”。A项rarely意为“很少”；例：She rarely eats pork.她很少吃猪肉。B项frequently意为“常常”；例：The weak child falls sick frequently.这个瘦小的孩子常常生病。C项normally意为“通常”；例：I normally stay at home in the evening.晚上我通常在家。D项occasionally意为“偶然地”；例：My brother and I occasionally visit our parents in the countryside.哥哥和我偶然去乡下看望父母。故本题选A。
15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl's bad tooth.
A.dig
B.draw
C.pull
D.extract
A B C D
D
[解析] 画线词组take out为动词词组，意为“取出；带出”。A项dig意为“挖”；例：Thief escaped by digging an underground tunnel.盗贼是通过挖一条地道逃走的。B项draw意为“抽；取”；例：The corrupt official drew a large sum of money from a bank before he left the country.这位贪官离开该国时在一家银行取走了一大笔钱。C项pull意为“拉”；例：Jack tried to pull the drawer open.杰克试图拉开抽屉。D项extract意为“取出；抽出”；例：The nuts are crushed to extract the oil from them.胡桃压碎后就能取油。故本题选D。
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms. organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game. Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket. Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some o~ the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur. Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horseracing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old in the US.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
C
[解析] 利用题干中的核心结构“Hunting and fishing”和特征结构“men，young and old”作为答案线索，这样可在第一段发现答案相关句：“Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.”发现答案相关句中并没有提到men，young and old，根据该相关句及相邻句子的句意不能“推导出”也不能“反驳”问题句的句意，故此题说法为“未提及”的。
2. Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
[解析] 利用题干中的核心结构和特征结构(Professional baseball teams和the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer)作为答案线索，这样在第二段前两句发现答案相关句：“Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer(对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.) and professional baseball teams play well into the fall(对应play for a long period of time in the fall).”判断该句的句意与问题句的句意一致，该题主要是考查well into the fall(一直到秋季末)结构的含义，故此题说法为“正确”的。
3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
[解析] 利用题干中的核心结构(Baseball和cricket)作为答案线索，这样在第二段最后一句发现答案相关句：“Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.”判断该句的句意(与棒球运动最接近的就是英国的板球)与问题句的句意一致，故此题说法为“正确”的。
4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
[解析] 利用题干中的核心结构(Football和spectator sport)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：“Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.”(第一段最后一句)“...the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.”(第三段第三句)。该题考查考生的推断能力：既然最大的足球体育馆能容纳下80,000观众，那么根据spectator sports(观赏性运动)的定义，足球应该是spectator sports，故此题说法为“正确”的。
5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
B
[解析] 利用题干中的核心结构(basketball和football)作为答案线索，这样在倒数第二段发现答案相关句：“Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.”该相关句的说法与问题句的说法不一致(主要是“理由”的表述方面不一致)，故此题说法为“错误”的。
6. Basketball in America is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
C
[解析] 利用题干中的核心结构(nationwide university matches)作为答案线索，这样在倒数第二段最后一句发现答案相关句：“It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.”发现该句的说法与问题句的说法“不一致”，但又不能因此而判断问题句的说法“错误”。故此题说法为“未提及”的。
7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
[解析] 利用题干中的Horse-racing fans作为答案线索，这样在最后一段发现答案相关句：“Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing...The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do 'not assemble' primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.”根据相关句群的句意(赛马比赛的吸引人之处是赌博，赛马迷只是对赌博感兴趣)，可发现问题句的说法与这些相关句的说法一致，故此题说法为“正确”的。
1. New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2. Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. 3. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. "This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier," said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4. Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5. "Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon," Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. "This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude," Hansen noted. 6. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing of the rest of this century. 7. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers' climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. A. Soot's Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere B. Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere C. Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot D. Effort to Reduce Snow Albedo E. Ways to Reduce Soot Emission F. Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming
5. A. produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude B. contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming C. can produce greenhouse gases D. absorb more of sun's energy and warmth than white background E. still surpass soot in warming the world's climate during the last century F. can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere In the twentieth century, soot ______.
B
[解析] 选择B的依据是第一段。有关的句子是：“...black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.”选项B中用了过去式contributed，也是选B的一个线索，因为此题的题干中有in the twentieth century，这个时间状语要求谓语动词用过去式，而四个选项中只有B项的动词用的是过去式，故选B。
8. A soot forcing is unusually effective, which ______
A
[解析] 本题答案的依据是第五段中的句子：“Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. 'This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude,' Harisen noted.”故选A。
第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Goal of American Education
Education is all enormous and expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety. Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone—not just for a privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of civic and community consciousness. Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and "Americanizing" the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns. The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time, learning how to use resource materials libraries, statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts. This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time: "How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand?"
1. Which of the following best states the goal of American education?
A.To teach every learner some practical skills.
B.To provide every learner with rich knowledge.
C.To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability.
D.To train every student to be a responsible citizen.
A B C D
C
[解析] A、B、D三项均只指出了美国教育目标的一个方面，故选C项。
2. It is implied in the passage that ______.
A.all high-school students take the same courses
B.every high-school student must take some practical ability training courses
C.every public school offers the same academic subjects
D.the subjects every student takes may vary
A B C D
D
[解析] 文中提到学生可以根据自己的兴趣、目标和能力来选择课程，故选D项。
3. American schools place great emphasis on the learner's ______.
A.enrichment of knowledge
B.accumulation of facts
C.acquisition of the ability to be creative
D.acquisition of the ability to work with his hands
4. According to the passage, American education meets the needs of all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.the brightest students
B.the slow students
C.the students from foreign countries
D.the immigrants
A B C D
C
[解析] 本文中没有提到外国留学生，故选C项。
5. Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries?
A.The large number of its schools.
B.The variety of the courses offered in its schools.
C.Its special consideration given to immigrants.
D.Its underlying goal to develop every child's abilities to the fullest extent.
A B C D
D
[解析] 给每个学生最充分地发挥自己能力的机会是美国教育的最重要特点，故选D项。
第二篇
Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago—and decided it's not for you. The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers—there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well. And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you're open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers—or you wouldn't be reading this. And those three things make you incredibly important today. Because they mean that yours is the voice—not the smoker's and not the anti-smoker's—that will determine how much of society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education" (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research. There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice. But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society's interest better by working together in mutual accommodation. Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
1. What does the word "wall" used in the passage mean?
A.Anti-smoking propaganda.
B.Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.
4. As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is ______.
A.to separate people from people
B.to work together in mutual accommodation
C.to make us more keenly aware of choice
D.to serve society's interests better
A B C D
B
[解析] 在第八段中可以找到答案，故选B项。
5. According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders' actions ______.
A.optimistically
B.pessimistically
C.unconcernedly
D.skeptically
A B C D
D
[解析] D项“怀疑的”最合适。
第三篇
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly, common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
1. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A.Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B.Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C.The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D.Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It's about a wacky dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! 1 For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking can't be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. 2 There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another. 3 But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. 4 Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people—especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit. Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though. 5 A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter. B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again. C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced. D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking. E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size. F. But why does shrinking happen at all?
Eric Brown hates shopping. "It's just not enjoyable to me," said the 28-year-old Chicago man who was carrying several shopping bags along the city's main street, Michigan Avenue. "When I'm out 1 , I basically know what I want to get. I rush in. I buy it. I 2 ." Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop. You can ask generations of men. But people who study shopping say that a number of social, cultural and economic factors are now 3 this "men-hate-to-shop" notion. " 4 social class, ethnicity, age-men say they hate to shop," says Sharon Zukin, a City University of New York sociology professor. "Yet when you ask them deeper questions, it turns out that they 5 to shop. Men generally like to shop for 6 , music and hardware. But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music, they'll say that's not shopping. That's 7 ." In other words, what men and women call "buying things" and how they approach that task are 8 . Women will 9 through several 1,000-square-metre stores in search of the perfect party dress. Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the 10 digital camcorder. Women see shopping as a social event. Men see it as a mission or a 11 to be won. "Men are frequently shopping to win," says Mary Ann McGrath, a marketing professor at Loyola University of Chicago. "They want to get the best deal. They want to get the best one, the last one and if they do that it 12 them happy." When women shop, "they're doing it in a way where they want 13 to be very happy," says McGrath. "They're kind of shopping for love." In fact, it is in clothing where we see a male-female 14 most clearly. Why, grumble some men, are all male clothes navy, grey, black or brown? But would they wear light green and pink? These days, many guys wear a sort of "uniform" says Paco Underhill, author of Why We Bye. "It's been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion. Conscious in a business way. It becomes much easier if you 15 your range of choices."
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