Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours' sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the "D" state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the "cast" of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch senses are also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In "normal" dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a "lucid" (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.
1. Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A B C
A
[解析] 根据第一段第一句话可知，人人做梦，但有些人根本想不起做过的梦，所以题目说法正确。
2. In an average night, males dream longer than females.
1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration, and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounces glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don't need. A. Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B. Importance of Water C. Composition of Water D. Signs of Dehydration E. Supply of Water F. Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for water with you
One of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which bioterrorism has become a public health priority. Although there had long been concern about vulnerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that the concern is no longer theoretical. Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was unrecognized. Although concern about emerging infections has helped stimulate funding for the chronically under-appreciated public health system, the threat of bioterrorism motivated the first real infusion of new money into public health in decades. Many of the capabilities needed to defend against bioterrorism are the same : as those needed to combat natural emerging infections. In both instance, the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious disease, of which the first indication is likely to be sick people in emergency rooms or clinics. Indeed, as with the anthrax attacks, the public health and medical responses may be under way before the true nature of the outbreak is recognized. Public health and the interface with the health care system are therefore key elements in any effective response to bioterrorism. Whether the biggest threat is natural or engineered, much remains to be done. Efforts to strengthen surveillance and response worldwide and to improve communication must be accelerated and sustained. Further, we have only scratched the surface in terms of under-standing the ecology of infections diseases and developing strategies for regulating microbial traffic. We need tools for better predictive epidemiologic modeling when a new infection first appears and for better analysis of the factors that transfer pathogens across species. One encouraging development is the program in the ecology of infectious diseases that was started a few years ago be the National Science Foundation in cooperation with NIH. SARS is a good yardstick of our progress during the past 13 years. The syndrome was unusual because novel infections that spread from person to person are relatively rare. Once cases were finally reported, the public health response was vigorous. WHO warned health care providers, researchers rapidly identified a candidate virus, and prototype diagnostic tests quickly became available. The vast reach of the Internet was instrumental in sharing in formation and coordinating activities worldwide. Despite these advances SARS had already spread to many countries. In fact had the disease been as transmissible as influenza, it would have invaded virtually every country in the world by the time the public health response had begun. So what SARS tells us is that although we have come long way since 1990, we still have a long way to go.
1. The main idea expressed in the first paragraph is that ______.
A.the threat of bioterrorism is real rather than theoretical
B.the concern about bio-warfare and bioterrorism has been justified
C.the public health system plays an important role in fighting against bioterrorism
D.bioterrorism has to a considerable degree become a public health priority
A B C D
C
[解析] 从原文第一段“Although there had long been concern about...that the concern is no longer theoretical”和“Until very recently...preparedness was unrecognized”都说明了公共卫生系统在打击生物恐怖主义中所发挥的重要作用。
2. Bioterrorism may lead to ______.
A.various natural infections
B.the death of millions of innocent people
C.the outbreak of unpredictable deadly diseases
D.unexpected outbreak of infectious disease
A B C D
D
[解析] 从原文第二段第二句话“In both instances，the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious disease”，这里“In both instances”指的就是生物恐怖主义和自然爆发的疾病。因此，可以看出答案是D“出人意料的传染病的爆发”。
3. From the text we learn that ______.
A.bioterrorism is an engineered threat to human beings
B.bioterrorism can be arrested by improving communication
C.natural infections and bioterrorism are the same in essence
D.the anthrax attacks are more threatening than the outbreak of SARS
A B C D
A
[解析] 从原文第三段第一句话：“Whether the biggest threat is natural or engineered, much remains to be done”看出，bioterrorism是engineered，所以A对。B选项错在“can be arrested”上。原文是说能够减轻，但不能制止。C说自然的和恐怖主义性质的传染病是同一种性质的，显然不对，因为一个是natural，一个是engineered。D项同样不对。
4. The example of SARS is used to illustrate that ______.
A.much remains to be done in improving the public health system
B.the sooner the cases of infectious diseases are reported the better
C.WHO is an indispensable organization
D.Internet plays a very important role in fighting against infectious
A B C D
A
[解析] 由原文最后一句：“so what SARS tells us is that although we have come a long way since 1990, we still have a long way to go”看出用SARS的例子旨在说明我们还有很长的路要走。
5. This passage is mainly about ______.
A.our progress during the past 13 years
B.defending against bioterrorism
C.combating natural emerging infections
D.the necessity to further improve the public health system
Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering (浪费) away as much as half of their time as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other. Some young people are using an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As some new device comes along, it is also added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices. Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up in (沉湎于) their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table. All this electronic wizardry (魔力) is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinions of the impact of modern gadgets (小装置) on their performance of tasks, the great majority of young people gave a favourable response. The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial (补救的) help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the workforce need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled. While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of the way today's youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.
1. What is probably true about the multitasking Generation M?
2. With the introduction of new gadgets, what happens to the Generation M's present e-devices?
A.They give way to the latest.
B.They are quickly put aside.
C.They are sold to their friends.
D.They become part of their collection.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据第二段最后一句“As some new device comes along, it is also added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices”可知，随着新装置的不断到来，已加入到他们的名单中，而不是代替已存在的装置，据此可知，这些新装置成了收藏的一部分。
4. The academics feel that many undergraduates badly need to ______.
A.adjust their social attitudes
B.seek psychological assistance
C.improve their study skills
D.take more business courses
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据第五段第二句话“The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects 1ater development of study skills，”可知，学术界认为带有电子装置的多任务影响了孩子的学习技能，导致写字质量的下降，据此可知，学者认为他们急需提高学习技能。
5. What attitude should the older generation adopt towards the multitasking youth?
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth rate--from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman. The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit the size of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this. One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; Instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the world's lowest. However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth. Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family ______.
A.can be an advantage
B.may limit income
C.isn't necessary
D.is expensive
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据第二段第二句“In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful.”可知，在以农业为主的国家，大家庭很有帮助。
2. When countries become industrialized, ______.
A.families often become larger
B.the birth rate generally goes down
C.women usually decide not have a family
D.the population generally grows rapidly
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据第二段内容“In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; Instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate.”可知，以工业为主的国家情况与农业为主的国家正好相反，工业化会导致人口出生率的下降。
3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an ______.
A.agricultural country with a high birth rate
B.agricultural country with a low birth rate
C.industrialized country with a low birth rate
D.industrialized country with a high birth rate
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据第二段最后两句话“After World War Ⅱ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the world's lowest”可知，二战后，意大利经济迅速现代化和工业化，每个妇女平均只生1.3个孩子，是世界最低水平，成为工业化国家低出生率的一个例子。
4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that ______.
A.the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy
B.factors other than the economy influence birth rate
C.women who have a high income usually have few children
D.the birth rate depends on per capita income
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据第三段内容“However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.”可知，经济不是唯一影响着出生率的因素，作者列举了农业国Saudi Arabia的例子来证明这一观点。
5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government ______.
A.is not concerned about the status of women
B.has tried to industrialize the country rapidly
C.does not allow women to work outside the home
D.has tried to improve the condition of women
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据第四段最后两句话“On the other hand，the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.”可知，Mexico，Thailand，和Indonesia政府在着手改善妇女的地位，给女性提供更多受教育的机会，以降低出生率。
African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world's most powerful celebrity, according to Forbes magazine. 1 Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show reaches 112 countries. She earned US $225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches. The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. 2 "After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits," the magazine said. Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style. Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up and down, shouting "I'm in love." Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce 3 Winfrey's approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empowerment (自强). This has proved to be just what people, especially women, want. Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. For example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight. Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954 4 At the age of 19, she became the youngest person and the first African-American woman to anchor (主持) a news program. Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women's TV network and websites for women. Winfrey's work has extended to social change. 5 She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed "Oprah Bill" into law. A. But it also looks at the celebrity's presence on the Internet and in the media. B. In 1991, she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act. C. She was not a very successful woman. D. She began broadcasting while still at high school. E. It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week. F. The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.
The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and 1 thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on his 2 interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed 3 to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their 4 was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, 5 , and endurance in their primarily male 6 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 7 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs 8 few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly. 9 for males and for females. Many 10 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 11 , most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health related reasons, but primarily. 12 such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. 13 , in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health 14 as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now 15 that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.
[解析] emerging“出现的”。根据文章一致性原则，“emerging”与第一句中提到的“the fitness movement that began in...”中的“began”形成呼应。而hovering“翱翔的；盘旋的；徘徊的；犹豫的”，intriguing“阴谋的，密谋的，谋划的”，mingling“混合的；相混的；相交往的，相往来的”均不符合题意。
[解析] enthusiast“狂热者；热爱者”。根据文章一致性原则，“enthusiast”与上文的“interest in fitness”形成一致性。而practitioner“开业者；从事者”，referee“裁判员”，recipient“接受者；领受者”不与“interest in fitness”形成呼应，不符合题意。
[解析] offer“提供；供给”。根据原文意思：“……直到从医学的观点看，减肥训练项目不能或者只能给(培训者)带来一点健康。”而且根据文章一致性原则，“offer”与下文的“might also offer”形成一致性，所以选择“offer”。而present“赠送；授予；呈献；向……提出”，indicate“显示；指示：象征，预示”，demonstrate“证明”均不符合题意。
9.
A.popular
B.vigorous
C.intelligible
D.formidable
A B C D
A
[解析] popular“流行”。根据文章主题一致性原则，popular与the fitness movement that began in...构成重复，上文讲到“健康运动以有氧练习为中心，开始于60年代末70年代初”，下文又提到“(健康运动中的)减肥训练又再次在男性和女性中流行起来……”，所以选择“popular”。而vigorous“体力旺盛的；精力充沛的；充满活力的；意气风发的”，intelligible“可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的，清晰的”，formidable“可怕的，令人畏惧的”是本题的干扰，均不符合题意。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题