New York used to be the city that never sleeps. Theses days, it's the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple. If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn't allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs (碎屑) of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It's illegal if you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn't it? You can't smoke in public in New York City. What's going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want. The press is shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a "Don't blame the cop" campaign. One New York police officer said, "We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It's all about money." The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers found him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustn't use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway. The angry editor of vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, "Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray." He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray (烟灰缸). But not all of the New York's inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugatty, 72, said, "The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live," Nixon Patricks, 38, a barman, said, "I like the new laws, if people smoked in here, we'd go home smelling of cigarettes." Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. And it's true-it's safe, cleaner and more healthy than before. But let's be honest-who goes to New York for its clean streets?
1. Some activities have recently become illegal in New York.
1. Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them. 2. The business was an immediate success, and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Association's inspectors found the Darlingtons' shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetable. 3. Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop. 4. Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it. "I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread, or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment (恭维) if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves." 5. So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup. 6. The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produce different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores. A. Professional recognition is obtained B. Ensuring that nothing gets wasted C. A necessary alternative to farming D. Time well spent is rewarded E. Continuing investment is necessary alternative to farming in high standards F. Professional skills are exploited
5. A. sell fresh vegetables B. turn them into soup C. sell as much as possible D. promote her soups E. fill a gap in the market F. offer a variety of prepared meals Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to ______.
A
[解析] 根据文章第一段最后一句话“Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.”可知，鲍勃和克拉拉·达灵顿在自家农场上建立了一家商店，这样人们能直接到他们那里买到新鲜的蔬菜，所以本题选A。
6. Apart from quality fruit and vegetables, the couple ______.
F
[解析] 根据第三段第一句话“Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen.”可知，克拉拉·达灵顿也是一位训练有素的厨师，除了自家农场种的食物和本地出产的农产品外，她开始在农家厨房提供各式各样自己烹调的食物，所以本题选F。
7. Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away, the couple ______.
B
[解析] 根据第五段“So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.”可知，这对夫妇意识到农场上那些畸形的或是被弄坏的剩余蔬菜不适合在商店出售。克拉拉不愿意看到它们被浪费掉，于是决定把它们做成汤，所以本题选B。
8. Clara spent much of the summer going to London to ______
C
[解析] 根据最后一段第二句话“She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups”可知，夏天她大部分时间乘坐火车沿着伦敦来回旅行，以展示自己的蔬菜汤，所以本题选C。
第4部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Oseola MeCarty
Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden flame house where she had lived and worked for most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $150, 000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save. She led a simple, frugal existence, never spending on anything but her most basic needs. Her bank also advised her on investing her hard-earned savings. When she retired, she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university. She had wanted to become a nurse, but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work. When asked why she had given her life savings away, she replied, "I'm giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard, like I did." After news of her donation hit the media, over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund. One was given by media executive, Ted Turner, who reputedly gave a billion dollars. She didn't want any fuss made over her gift, but the news got out and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people. Wherever she went, people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her. She met the ordinary and the famous, President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life, before she died of cancer, McCarty was given over 300 awards: she was honoured by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizen's Medal. Despite having no real education, she found herself with two honorary doctorates: one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.
1. This woman shocked and inspired the world because ______.
A.she had managed to save so much money
B.she gave her money to African Americans
C.she gave her life savings to help others through university
B.she wanted others to have the chance to become nurses
C.she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life
D.she want to be remembered after her death
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据第四段内容“When asked why she had given her life savings away, she replied, 'I'm giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard, like I did.'”可知，她捐钱的目的是帮助其他人以至于他们不再如此辛苦的工作。
4. When her generosity was made ______.
A.people donated billions
B.hundreds of students got scholarships
C.hundreds of people put money into the fund
D.she was sent to university
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据第四段“After news of her donation hit the media, over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund.”她捐款的消息经过媒体报道后，600多项捐款都捐向了学校的奖学金。
5. Marcarty's generosity indicates clearly that ______.
A.scholarship funds are popular in US
B.Kind-hearted people deserves doctorates
C.Selflessness exists in human society
D.Poor people can donate as much as rich people
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据最后一段最后一句话“Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.”可知，她的慷慨鼓舞了很多人，并且证明了真正的无私确实存在，所以本题答案为C。
第二篇
The Iceman
On a September day in 199], two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface. It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows. Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old. With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C., he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first, scientist thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself. By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has give us important clues to the history of those distant times.
1. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because ______.
A.he was lying on the ice
B.two Germans were climbing mountains
C.the melted ice made him visible
D.be was just on a mountain pass
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据第一段最后一句话“The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.”可知，山上的冰比往常融化的多，这样尸体就来到表面了。
2. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A.The Iceman lived a poor life.
B.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C.The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
D.The Iceman was killed while working
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据第二段内容可知，冰人的脸朝里，骨架完整，只有头部有一处伤痕。
3. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT ______.
4. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman ______.
A.was probably in some kind of a battle
B.had got a wound on the back of his head
C.had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
D.was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据第四段内容“This means that he was probably in some kind of battle.”可知，这意味着他可能死于某种战争中。
5. The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ______.
A.hunters
B.shooters
C.robbers
D.soldiers
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据第四段最后一句话“He may even have been a bandit himself”可知，甚至他自己可能是一名强盗。四个选项：hunter“猎人”；shooter“射手”；robber“强盗，抢劫者”；soldier“战士，士兵”。
第三篇
DNA testing
DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a person's genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a person from just a drop of blood or a single hair. One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the killer's DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessor's blood. To everyone's surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he admitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5, 000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free. In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not-for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U.S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006). For most of these prisoners, their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence. Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system. Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set flee, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out death sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners' cases. The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyone's DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A.DNA testing has changed the American legal system.
B.DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.
C.DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.
D.DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据本文最后一段最后两句话“But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now flee men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.”可知，对于那些证明无辜并获得自由的人来说，DNA检测意味着回归生活。由于DNA检测的使用，不会出现宣判无辜的人有罪的情况，由此可知，本文主要介绍DNA在犯罪实例中的作用。
2. DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by ______.
A.a lawyer in New York
B.students in Illinois
C.doctors in the United States
D.police in Great Britain
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据第二段第二句话“The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain，”可知，1985年，在英国，DNA测试首次用于刑事案件，所以本题选D。
3. The innocence project uses DNA testing to ______.
A.set free innocent prisoner
B.help the police put people in prison
C.find out which lawyer are incompetent
D.prove that suspects are guilty
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据第三段前两句话“In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not-for-profit organization called the Innocence Project.”可知，1992年，两位法律教授彼得·诺伊费尔德和巴里·舍克，决定使用DNA证据帮助释放错误定罪的囚犯。在学生的帮助下，他们创建了一个非营利组织“清白专案”，所以本题选A。
4. Some students in Northwestern University ______.
A.proved some prisoners were not guilty
B.believed some suspects were from ethnic groups
C.told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners
D.showed DNA testing was not always reliable
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据第五段内容“a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes”可知，西北大学新闻系的学生开始调查伊利诺斯州一些声称自己无辜的囚犯，通过DNA测试，学生能够证明其实这些囚犯在他们被指控的案件中是无罪的，所以本题选A。
5. What is the author's attitude toward DNA testing?
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southern most coastal city to the northern most coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline 1 . At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川) descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖). The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. 2 Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Marine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands, 3 For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer home for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (温带) and sub-Arctic zones, the islands supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants. 4 The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. 5 . From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. B. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier. C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselves. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age. E. This mountain rises 1, 532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
In some countries where racial prejucide is acute, violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences; and this is not even questioned. There are countries 1 the white man imposes his rude by brute (粗暴) force; there are countries where the black man protests by 2 fire to cities and by looting and pillaging (抢夺). Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in 3 of violence as if it were a legitimate (合法的) solution, 4 any other. What is really frightening, what really 5 you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch (关键时刻), we have made no actual 6 at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded 7 of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that 8 never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering 9 nothing. No solution ever comes to 10 the morning after when we dismally (阴郁地) contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who 11 where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted 12 their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as low enforcement. If half the energy that goes into 13 acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at 14 up the slums and ghettos (贫民窟), at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to 15 at a solution.
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