Ⅰ. Grammar Exercises In the following sentences, underline the noun clauses as shown in these examples: Example: His position is that he was not to blame. How he can achieve his ambition bewilders me.
1. Whether we go tomorrow or stay depends on the weather.
Whether we go tomorrow or stay depends on the weather.
2. Walter insisted that we pool our remaining capital.
Walter insisted that we pool our remaining capital.
3. His answers usually were whatever came into his head first.
His answers usually were whatever came into his head first.
4. He feels unhappy about what happened to him yesterday.
He feels unhappy about what happened to him yesterday.
5. Alice cannot be held responsible for everything her children do.
Alice cannot be held responsible for everything her children do.
6. This building is what modern architecture represents.
This building is what modern architecture represents.
7. The librarian told me that the book was on reserve.
The librarian told me that the book was on reserve.
8. When the picnic is held is no concern of yours.
When the picnic is held is no concern of yours.
9. Whatever you do will affect the remainder of your academic career.
Whatever you do will affect the remainder of your academic career.
10. Whoever attends the meeting will have a vote in the election.
Whoever attends the meeting will have a vote in the election.
Complete these sentences with noun clauses.
11. He feels angry. It's not surprising ______
(that) he feels angry.
12. She has resigned from her job. It's a shame ______
that she has resigned from her job.
13. You don't trust me. It's annoying ______
that you don't trust me.
14. You are feeling better. I'm glad ______
that you are feeling better.
15. She's upset. I'm sorry ______
that she is upset.
16. He didn't get the contract. He told me ______
that he didn't get the contract.
17. It's a fair price. He believes ______
that it's a fair price.
18. You're leaving. He has guessed ______
that you're leaving.
19. She's been a fool. She agrees ______
that she's been a fool.
Complete these sentences with noun clauses.
20. Has he passed his exam? I want to know ______
if/whether he has passed his exam.
21. Can you type? You didn't say ______
whether you could type or not.
22. Will he arrive tomorrow? I wonder ______
if he will arrive tomorrow.
23. Does he like ice-cream? Ask him ______
if he likes ice-cream.
24. Was he at home yesterday? I'd like to know ______
whether he was at home yesterday.
25. Should I phone her? I wonder ______
whether I should phone her or not.
26. Is she ready? Ask her ______
if she is ready.
27. When did you meet her? I want to know ______
when you met her.
28. How will you manage? Tell me ______
how you will manage.
29. Why has he left? I wonder ______
why he has left.
30. Where do you live? Tell me ______
where you live.
31. Which one does she want? Ask her ______
which one she wants.
32. Who's at the door? I wonder ______
who is at the door.
33. What does he want? I'd like to know ______
what he wants.
34. Underline nine noun clauses in this text. I suppose you know you can turn into superwoman or superman in an emergency. Mrs. Pain Weldon reported that her baby nearly slipped under the wheels of a car. Mrs. Weldon weighs only 50 kilos, but she said she lifted the ear to save her baby. Dr. Murray Watson, a zoologist, wrote that he jumped nearly three metres into the air to grab the lowest branch of a tree when hyenas chased him in Kenya. Perhaps you wonder if you can perform such feats. The chances are that you can. Doctors say that we can find great reserves of strength when we are afraid. It's well-known that adrenalin can turn us into superwomen or supermen!
I suppose you know you can turn into superwoman or superman in an emergency. Mrs. Pam Weldon reported that her baby nearly slipped under the wheels of a car. Mrs. Weldon weighs only 50 kilos, but she said she lifted the car to save her baby. Dr Murray Watson, a zoologist, wrote that he jumped nearly three metres into the air to grab the lowest branch of a tree when hyenas chased him in Kenya. Perhaps you wonder if you can perform such feats. The chances are that you can. Doctors say that we can find great reserves of strength when we are afraid. It's well-known that adrenalin can turn us into superwomen or supermen!
Ⅱ. TEM-4 Exercises
1. Who ______ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?
A.you said
B.did you say
C.did you say that
D.you did say
A B C D
B
2. There is no doubt ______ the company has made the right decision on the sales project.
A.why
B.that
C.whether
D.when
A B C D
B
3. I was very interested in ______ she told me.
A.all that
B.all which
C.all what
D.that
A B C D
A
4. The party, ______ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.
A.by which
B.for which
C.to which
D.at which
A B C D
D
5. Above the trees are the hills, ______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
A.where
B.of whose
C.whose
D.which
A B C D
C
6. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected.
A.which
B.it
C.that
D.what
A B C D
A
Ⅲ. Key Words of TEM-4
1. extract abstract contract distract extract v. (1) to remove something by pulling it out or cutting it out He extracted a credit card from his wallet. I had to have a tooth extracted. The tumor was surgically extracted. (2) to get something, such as information, from something else Investigators were able to extract useful information from the company's financial records. They are hoping to extract new insights from the test results. (3) to get a substance from something by the use of a machine or chemicals The machines extract the juice from the apples. (4) to choose and take out parts of a written work, for a separate use He extracted a few lines from a favorite poem for use in his speech. extract yourself to remove yourself from a difficult situation He has been unable to extract himself from his legal difficulties. extract n. a short piece of writing that is taken from a longer work such as a book The anthology includes extracts from the works of several well-known authors. abstract a. relating to general ideas or qualities rather than specific people, objects, or actions "Honesty" is an abstract word. The word "poem" is concrete while the word "poetry" is abstract. abstract n. a brief written statement of the main points in a longer speech It might also be necessary to supply an abstract of the review of the literature as well. abstract v. to obtain or remove something from a source Data for the study was abstracted from hospital records. They can abstract precious medicines from ordinary substances. contract n. a legal agreement between people, companies, etc. The contract requires him to finish work by the end of the year. If he breaks the contract, he will get sued. under contract required to provide something according to the terms stated in a contract She is under contract with the TV station for three more years. contract v. to be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion. distract v. (1) to cause someone to stop paying attention to someone The students are easily distracted, especially when they're tired. I was distracted by a loud noise. (2) to take attention away from someone or something The local story distracted attention from news of the war overseas. distracting a. The music was very distracting.During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few ______ from the novel.
A.abstracts
B.essays
C.fragments
D.extracts
A B C D
D
2. incident event suspense shield incident n. (1) an unexpected and usually unpleasant thing that happens We just want to put that embarrassing incident behind us. Two people were shot yesterday in two separate incidents. (2) an event or disagreement that is likely to cause serious problems in relations between countries The bombing caused an international incident. event n. a happening, especially something important or notable The article recounted the events of the past year. It's difficult to predict the course of events with any confidence. The publication of the new dictionary is one of the cultural event of the year. in the event of if (something) happens In the event of rain, the ceremony will be held indoors. I can call for help in the event of an emergency. suspense n. (1) apprehension about what is going to happen All of Tokyo is now in suspense over the real potential for significant radioactive material to be blown into the city. As the train neared his hometown, the suspense became so great that he couldn't bear to look out of his window. (2) an uncertain cognitive state Alfred Hitchcock was a master of suspense. The movie is a suspense thriller. shield n. something that defends or protects someone or something The thief tried to use a hostage as a human shield. Exercise and good nutrition are a shield against disease. shield v. (1) to cover and protect someone or something She lifted her hand to shield her eyes from the glare. I think she's shielded her child from the real world for too long. His friends tried to shield him from the press. (2) to prevent someone or something from being seen A line of trees shields the house from view.In the future, scientists may be able to watch and predict natural ______ before they happen. This could save many lives.
A.accidents
B.incidents
C.occasions
D.events
A B C D
D
3. adapt adopt impose enforce adapt v. (1) to change your behavior so that it is easier to live in a particular place or situation When children go to a different school, it usually takes them a while to adapt. She has adapted to college life quite easily. (2) to change (something) so that it functions better or is better suited for a purpose The teachers adapted the curriculum so that students of all abilities will benefit from it. The camera has been adapted for underwater use. (3) to change (a book, play, etc.) so that it can be presented in another form He adapted the novel for the stage. The movie was adapted from the book of the same title. adopt v. (1) to take a child of other parents legally as your own child They decided to adopt a child. (2) to begin to use or have Their boss has recently adopted a friendlier manner. Did he adopt your point of view? adoption n. We argued her into the adoption of the plan. impose v. (1) to cause something (such as a tax, fine, rule, or punishment) to affect someone or something by using your authority Fines are imposed on retailers who sell tobacco to minors. (2) to force someone to accept He imposes his personal beliefs on his employees. Parents should beware of imposing their own tastes on their children. enforce v. (1) to make sure that people do what is required by a law, rule, etc. Police will be enforcing the parking ban. How can they enforce regulations against the local government? (2) to force or cause something Boulder was one of the first cities in the nation to enforce a ban on smoking.If democracies decide to ban certain types of speech or to protect their citizens' data, they must be able to ______ their rules.
A.adapt
B.adopt
C.conform
D.enforce
A B C D
D
4. insist persist resist consist insist v. (1) to demand that something happen or that someone do something I didn't want to go, but she insisted. The source for my story insisted that I not reveal his name. (2) to say (something) in a way that is very forceful and does not allow disagreement She kept insisting that she was right. He insists that these problems are not his fault. insist on/insist upon (1) to say or show that you believe that something is necessary or very important She insists on doing everything her own way. (2) to continue doing something that other people think is annoying or unimportant The people sitting next to us insisted on talking during the entire movie. persist v. (1) to continue to do something or to try to do something even though it is difficult or other people want you to stop Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to grip many countries throughout the world? If you persist with this behavior, you will be punished. (2) to continue to occur or exist beyond the usual, expected, or normal time If the pain persists, see a doctor. Rumors persist that they are dating. persistence n. Skill comes only with practice, patience, and persistence. resist v. (1) to fight against (something); to try to stop or prevent (something) He was charged with resisting arrest. Many people resisted the efforts of lawmakers to raise taxes. (2) to not be affected or harmed by something These windows can resist very high winds. The drug will help your body resist infection. (3) to prevent yourself from doing something that you want to do She couldn't resist telling us what she'd heard. It was hard resisting the temptation to open the box. I know I shouldn't have any more cake, but I can't resist. consist v. to have (something) as an essential or main part Happiness consists in being satisfied with what you have. consist of to be formed or made up of specified things or people, etc. Breakfast consisted of cereal, fruit, and orange juice. Coal consists mostly of carbon. The job mainly consists of classifying evidence.I couldn't ______ cigarettes even though my doctor had repeatedly warned me not to smoke.
A.insist
B.persist
C.resist
D.consist
A B C D
C
5. break up break out break through break down break up (1) to separate into parts or pieces or cause (something) to separate into parts or pieces The asteroid broke up when it hit the Earth's atmosphere. (2) to end or cause (something) to end The demonstration broke up when the police arrived. The police broke up the demonstration. (3) to end a romantic relationship, marriage, etc. I hear that he and his wife have broken up. He broke up with his girlfriend. (4) to begin laughing or cause someone, to begin laughing suddenly and in a way that is difficult to control Everyone broke up when they saw what he was wearing. (5) to change the regular quality or appearance of (something), to separate the parts of something, so that it is not complete The seller was unwilling to break up the dining room set by selling one of the chairs. The owner broke up the team by trading many of the best players. break out (1) to begin happening suddenly A fire broke out in the kitchen. There is a danger that war could break out soon. (2) to suddenly begin to have sweat, a rash, etc. He broke out in a sweat. A rash broke out on her skin. (3) to escape from a prison, jail, etc. Six prisoners attempted to break out of the jail. The team is trying to break out of its slump. (4) to take (something) from the place where it is stored so that it can be used We broke out the champagne to celebrate our victory. break through (1) to use force to get through The enemy finally broke through our defenses and defeated us. The organization is committed to breaking through the barriers of poverty. (2) to shine through (clouds) The sun finally began to break through the clouds. break down (1) to stop working properly, to fail or stop usually in a complete and sudden way Our car broke down on the highway. Negotiations have broken down. The government's argument broke down completely when new evidence came to light. Their marriage had broken down, and there was nothing to do about it. (2) to become overwhelmed by strong emotions, to lose or cause (someone) to lose strength or the ability to resist or fight She broke down in tears. The prisoner finally broke down under intensive questioning. (3) to become separated or to separate (something) into simpler substances, to be able to be divided or to divide (something) into parts or groups The foods you eat break down in the body's digestive system. The report breaks down into three sections. The author has broken down the nation's history into three distinct periods. (4) to use force to push (something) to the ground They are working to break down legal barriers to integration.A commonly held superstition is that of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as "my car has never______".
A.break up
B.break out
C.break through
D.break down
A B C D
D
Ⅳ. Working with Words and Expressions Complete the following sentences with a word or an expression from the box. Change the form if necessary. extract abstract contract distract distracting incident event suspense shield adapt adopt impose enforce adoption insist persist resist consist persistence persistent break up break out break through break down
1. Whatever you do, don't waste the time pursuing your train of angry thoughts. Your aim should be to ______ yourself.
distract
2. However, despite this widespread support for, and awareness of the rights of the child, there ______ severe violations, including violence, sexual abuse and exploitation, child trafficking and forced labor.
persist
3. Retirement brings people's career to an end. Some old people cannot ______ themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful.
adapt
4. The low utilization efficiency has resulted from the ______ of some traditional Chinese irrigation methods.
adoption
5. Its ultimate aim is to build a series of laser tracking stations in various countries to provide a defensive ______ for activity in space.
shield
6. Today, however, many young people not only shirk this duty, but ______ that it is actually the duty of parents to do all they can to care for them, even as adults.
insist
7. After four years and 32 interviews, her ______ paid off. She was ready to build the fastest, most automated bakery in the world.
persistence
8. Israel reacted angrily to a threat by the United States to ______ sanctions on the Jewish state.
impose
9. Hillary Clinton hoped to ______ the glass ceiling by winning the ultimate contest, the presidency of the United States.
break through
10. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to ______ the illness.
contract
11. Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to ______ the more democratic ways of their American conquerors.
adopt
12. After months of growing tension, the head of the company sent three hundred private security officers to ______ the strike and protect non-union workers.
break up
13. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation between hunters and hunt saboteurs. Sometimes these ______ lead to violence.
incidents
14. He is the head of a dance company that ______ of 30 members.
consists
15. This year's vote lacked the ______ of some previous elections, because all five candidates were unopposed and succeeded in getting the two-third majority required in the first round of secret ballots.