银符考试题库-在线练习-专业四级模拟473

专业四级模拟473

PART Ⅰ DICTATION

1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.

语音下载

American Thanksgiving Day

The traditional American Thanksgiving Day celebration goes back to 1621. In that year a special feast was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts: The colonists who had settled there had left England because they felt denied of religious freedom. They came to the new land and faced difficulties in coining across the ocean. The ship which carried them was called Mayflower. The North Atlantic was difficult to travel. There were bad storms. They were assisted in learning to live in tile new land by the Indians who inhabited the region. The Puritans, as they were called, had much to be thankful for. Their religions practices were no longer a source of criticism by the government. They learned to adjust their farming habits to the climate and soil. When they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving celebration, they invited their neighbors, the Indians, to join them in dinner and a prayer of gratitude for the new life.

[解析] 第一遍听音时记录Thanksgiving Day这一关键词，这样易于把握与主题相关的colonists，Mayflower，Indians，gratitude等关键词。
由首句可知，此篇听写主要讲了美国感恩节的历史。
这篇短文听写的难点在于专有名词。American Thanksgiving Day，Plymouth，Massachusetts都要求拼写无误(要注意首字母的大写)，如果实在拼写不出，可以按照读音规则试一试。
faced difficulties之间不完全爆破，根据之前的并列谓语came可知其为过去时态。
Mayflower五月花号海轮，是英国移民驶往北美的第一艘船只。
bad storms之间不完全爆破。
插入语前后都需要用逗号。
adjust their之间不完全爆破。
prayer中的-er属于弱读，可能听不出来，但可根据冠词a判断。

PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
In sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.

语音下载

1. According to the man, why did the bear attack him and his friends?

A.Because they attacked the bear first.
B.Because the bear was hungry.
C.Because the bear was separated by them from her child.
D.Because the bear just lost her child.

A B C D

[听力原文]
W: Hi, Dick. How's the camping last week?
M: Oh, it was horrible. We nearly got killed.
W: What happened?
M: Well, when we were walking on the path along one of the hills, a bear suddenly jumped out of a bush and started to chase us.
W: That's terrible. Did anybody get hurt?
M: Fortunately, we ran away before the bear got closer. We all agreed that we had never run so fast in our entire lives.
W: So why did the bear try to attack you? Was it hungry and looking for food?
M: No, it was more horrible. We later found out that the bear was a mother. And she was separated by us from her child. She jumped out because she feared that her kid would get hurt. After the camping we've learned not to get between an adult bear and any young bears.
W: But how could you make sure that you can see the bears, if both the mother and the children are hidden in a bush?
M: Well, it's actually easy to avoid meeting bears, because they are shy animals and normally avoid human beings. In most of the cases they attack because they are shocked by the unexpected presence of humans. What you have to do is to scare them away by making noises, before you get too close.
W: I see, so next time when I go camping I'll sing aloud when I'm walking.
M: That's a good idea.

[解析] 对话中女士问男士为什么那只熊会攻击他们，男士回答说他们后来发现那是一位熊妈妈，他们把它和它的熊宝宝分开了(she was separated by us from her child)，它跳出来是因为担心宝宝会受到伤害(she feared that her kid would get hurt)，C是对原文的细节再现，故为答案。

2. Why is it easy to avoid meeting bears according to the man?

A.Because he can run very fast.
B.Because they are shy.
C.Because he has a gun.
D.Because they seldom come over.

A B C D

[解析] 对话中男士提到，其实很容易避免遇到熊，因为熊是很腼腆的动物，通常会避开人类(they are shy animals and normally avoid human beings)，由此可推测容易避免遇到熊是因为它们很腼腆，故答案为B。

3. What is the best way to avoid meeting bears?

A.To run as fast as you can.
B.To stay in a car.
C.To be alert while walking.
D.To make noise while walking.

A B C D

[解析] 对话结尾处男士提到，在丛林中避免遇到熊一类的动物很容易，只需要在靠得太近之前发出些噪音把它们吓跑(...scare them away by making noises, before you get too close)，由此可知答案为D。

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.

语音下载

4. According to Mr. Bacon, people keep snakes because

A.they like them as pets.
B.they are curious of them.
C.they use them to frighten other people.
D.they keep them to do research.

A B C D

[听力原文]
W: Mr. Bacon, what is your job exactly?
M: I'm a vet, looking after sheep, horses, dogs and cats. We even have lions and tigers at the zoo.
W: What sort of pets do people bring to your clinic?
M: Mostly dogs and cats but then we have snakes and parrots and all other animals people keep as pets.
W: Snakes? Why do you think people keep snakes?
M: I quite like snakes, but I wouldn't want one as a pet. Um, some people are very keen on them.
W: Maybe they keep snakes to frighten others. All right, do you think people spend more money on their animals than their children?
M: It depends on people. Some are very good with their animals, some treat them far better than they would their kids, and unfortunately some are cruel with the animals.
W: What experience have you had of people who treat their animals too well?
M: Lots of animals come here with lipstick marks on the head. We regard that as a specific sort of condition here.
W: Are animals good for people's health?
M: Well, they seem to help old people. These people see one person every two days, but their animal is with them all day, and it's a companion.
W: Above all, why are you interested in your job?
M: Maybe the animals sometimes attack me and there is much paper work. The thing I like best is to deliver new animals. It always amazes me one moment you have one mother and the next moment you can have a pile of animals.

[解析] 题目问培根先生认为人们养蛇的原因是什么。根据培根先生话中的some people are very keen on them可知答案为A，其中keen on意为“喜欢”。

5. Animals are good for old people's health because animals

A.can look after them.
B.can be their good companions.
C.are more reliable than people.
D.can help them with housework.

A B C D

[解析] 本题的关键词是old people，所以要留意与之相关的信息。由培根先生的回答they seem to help old people...it's a companion可知答案为B。

6. The lipstick marks on heads of the animals show that people

A.are cruel with animals.
B.treating the animals better than their children.
C.are treating the animals too well.
D.are making up the animals.

A B C D

[解析] 题目涉及留在动物头上的唇膏印能说明什么。由女士的提问，What experience have you had of people who treat their animals too well可知答案为C。

7. According to Mr. Bacon, the best part of his job is

A.the excitement of having some danger.
B.the amount of paper work.
C.to have many animals there.
D.to help animals give birth to new ones.

A B C D

[解析] 题目涉及培根先生最喜欢他工作中的哪一点。由对话中的The thing I like best is to deliver new animals和后面的进一步阐述可知答案为D，其中“deliver”意为“接生”。

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.

语音下载

8. What sitcom does the man like best?

A.Friends.
B.Family Ties.
C.Cheers.
D.All in the Family.

A B C D

[听力原文]
W: I want to watch TV and improve my English. What is your favorite TV show?
M: I like sitcoms. I watch "Friends" a lot. I never missed a single episode. Of course there are other sitcoms like "Wings", "Frazier", "Family Tics". Those are all very good.
W: What time do they come on?
M: Mostly in the evenings. These are actually old shows, but NBC has re-runs of them. "Frazier" is on from 6:00 to 6:30 p.m. on NBC every day weekdays. "Friends" is from 6:30 to 7:30 p.m., also on NBC. Channels like Nick-at-Nite show older sitcoms almost every night except Sundays.
W: What are the older sitcoms?
M: "Cheers" is a good one. "All in the Family", "Three's Company" and "Family Ties" are all great ones. But they are usually shown very late at night, beginning from 10:00 p.m. until 4:00 or 5:00 in the morning.
W: Which ones are the movie channels?
M: Channel 45 is Super-Station. That Channel has a lot of good movies TNT is channel 17. You can also find many movies on TNT. What's bothering me is the commercials. A two-hour movie can run three and a half hours because of the commercials. That's really annoying.

[解析] 题目问的是这位男士最喜欢哪部情景喜剧，而四个选项都是电视剧名，故在听的过程中要留意与题干相关的剧名。对话中这位男士提到I watch "Friends" a lot. I never missed a single episode，由此说明他非常喜欢这部情景喜剧，故答案为A。

9. What is the disadvantage of the old sitcoms?

A.They are out of date.
B.They are only shown on Sunday.
C.They are on very late at night.
D.They have too many ads.

A B C D

[解析] 本题干的关键词是disadvantage和old sitcoms，所以听音时注意相关信息。根据对话中的But they are usually shown very late at night可知答案为C，而其他三个选项并未提到。

10. If the woman wants to see movies, what station should she watch?

A.NBC.
B.Super-Station.
C.Nick-at-Nite.
D.Three's Company.

A B C D

[解析] 本题关键词为movies。由对话中的Channel 45 is Super-Station...a lot of good movies可知答案为B。虽然TNT所在的channel 17也有电影，不过没有出现在本题的选项中。

SECTION B PASSAGES
In this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

语音下载

1. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities of communication breakdowns?

A.People differ greatly in their ability to communicate.
B.Most public languages are inherently vague.
C.There are numerous languages in existence.
D.There is a big gap between private and public languages.

A B C D

[听力原文]
There are between 3,000 and 6,000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.
For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, "Hot, hot!" And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, "Hot, hot!" However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are bona with the ability to learn a language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.

[解析] 短文开头提到，世界上有3000到6000种公共语言(public languages)，而且由于每人各持一种私人语言，又多了大概60亿种私人语言(private languages)，鉴于以上事实情况，有无数种可能会导致交流失败的因素(the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number)，由此可知，交流失败的可能性大是因为有多种语言，故答案为C。

2. What can we learn about the ability to learn a language from Chomsky's theory?

A.It is a sign of human intelligence.
B.It improves with constant practice.
C.It is something we are born with.
D.It varies from person to person.

A B C D

[解析] 短文中明确提到，乔姆斯基认为婴儿具有与生俱来的语言学习能力(human infants are born with the ability to learn a language)，C是对原文的细节再现，故为答案。

3. What does Chomsky's theory fail to explain according to the speaker?

A.How private languages are developed.
B.How ancient people created languages.
C.The relations between different languages.
D.The potential children have for learning languages.

A B C D

[解析] 短文结尾处提到，乔姆斯基的理论阐述了婴儿在学习语言方面的潜力，但是没能真正解释孩子们是如何以自己特定的方式使用语言的(how children come to use language in particular ways)，联系前文可知，此处使用语言的特定方式指的就是private languages，故答案为A。

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

语音下载

4. This passage is most probably intended for

A.textile technicians.
B.common housewives.
C.average audience.
D.space travelers.

A B C D

[听力原文]
There is no place in today's complex society where man is completely isolated from textile fabrics. They clothe him, protect him, decorate him, and provide him with many hours of enjoyment. Fabrics may cover the furniture and floors in his home; they may curtain his windows. Textiles are found in kitchens, bathrooms, bedrooms, and living rooms. Fabrics make public buildings attractive, and sometimes sound-proof and specialized fabrics are used in industry or for a variety of purposes.
Since all of us come into contact with textiles many times in our everyday lives, each of us can profit from knowledge of textile fibers and their uses. If the prospective consumer knows something about the textile he wishes to purchase and if the merchant and the sale staff know something about the products they are selling, sales involving textile products can become relatively intelligent transactions.
Textile fibers have been used for many things, and man is continually finding new applications for these "building blocks". Fibers are used in the creation of clothing, home furnishings, and household textiles; they are used in the building trade; chosen for insulation on appliances; selected industry for such products as filter cloths, pulley belts, and so forth; found in all forms 0ftransportati0n; used in nearly every type of activity or situation conceivable, including man's conquest of space.

[解析] 文中提到Since all of us come into...textile fibers and their uses，由此可知，本文是播送给一般听众的，故答案为C。另外本文也没有特别指明其听众群，由此也说明这是面向大众的。

5. Why are fabrics good for public buildings?

A.Because they prevent buildings from noise.
B.Because they make buildings strong.
C.Because they make buildings beautiful.
D.Because they make buildings special.

A B C D

[解析] 题目问的是纺织物有利于公共建筑物的原因，文中提到Fabrics make public buildings attractive，由此可知答案为C。文中也提到纺织物能隔音，但前面有sometimes修饰，而选项A的说法过于绝对，故排除。

6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the uses of textile fibers?

A.In the creation of home furnishings.
B.In building blocks.
C.In building trades.
D.In transportation.

A B C D

[解析] 题干中的NOT表明，原文中没提到的或与原文内容相矛盾的就是答案。原文已提到了A、C和D，而B与原文意思不符，原文说的是人们还在为这些building blocks寻找新的用途，此处building blocks指的是textile fibers本身，而不是它们的用途，故答案为B。

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

语音下载

7. By what means did Joe think he could become rich?

A.He thought that he would either find a good job or he would be a thief.
B.He said that he would become rich by way of robbing the bank.
C.He said that he could rob the rich of their money.
D.He might be rich if he worked harder.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Joe grew up in an orphanage. He envied rich people and decided when he grew up he could make much money.
Joe was not clever and he failed all his school exams. "I will either have to find a good job or I will have to become a thief." Joe said to himself. He knew he would never find a well-paid job. For months Joe watched a bank out of town. He noticed when it had the fewest customers. He watched, waited and planned.
One afternoon he found that only two tellers were on duty. "I will either succeed and be very rich or fail and go to prison." said Joe. He was willing to take the risk. Then he walked in and pushed a demand note over the counter. The teller read it, turned pale and quietly opened a small safe behind him. He took out $50,000 and placed the bank notes in Joe's open bag. Then Joe ran as fast as he could.
That night Joe had to bury the money in case the police caught him. He chose a deserted piece of land near the house. He was glad when the money was safely hidden in the ground.
The next day he was woken by bangs on his door. He answered and there came two policemen. "Joseph Smith, you are under arrest for robbing a bank!"
Joe protested in vain. The bank had hidden cameras and the whole raid had been photographed. Joe was caught and put into prison.
Ten years later Joe was set free. Fie quickly made his way to the spot where he had buried the money.
A big building had been built on the site.

[解析] A、B、C说的都是通过不正当的手段变得富有，而D却说的是通过正当手段变得富有，故很可能不是答案。再由原文中的...have to find a good job...have to become a thief可知答案为A。

8. Why did the teller give Joe the money?

A.Because he had a letter of thanks.
B.Because he feared that he might be killed if he refused.
C.Because Joe gave him a demand note.
D.Because Joe showed a cheque payable at sight.

A B C D

[解析] 根据常识可知C很可能不是答案。再由The teller read it, turned pale and quietly opened a small safe behind him可知答案为B，其中at sight意为“见票即付”。

9. How were the police able to prove that Joe had robbed the bank?

A.The raid had been photographed by hidden cameras.
B.Some watchmen had seen the raid.
C.The bank teller proved that Joe was the robber.
D.Some monitors had been installed nearby.

A B C D

[解析] 题目问的是警察如何证明乔抢劫了银行，由...hidden cameras...been photographed可知答案为A。

10. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe Joe?

A.Funny.
B.Clever.
C.Brave.
D.Stupid.

A B C D

[解析] 文中提到乔为了赚大钱想到抢银行，并将钱埋进荒地，由此可知他是很笨的，故答案为D。

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

1. The Dow closed down at

A.180 point 2.
B.3,805.
C.5,549.
D.50 point 1.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Now have a look at what's been happening on the financial markets. On the share market in Tokyo, the Nikei is down 110 points at 21,705. In New York the Dow closed down 71 points at 5,549. Earlier London's 100 share index was 20 points lower at 3,805. In early Asian trading, the dollar is at one German Mark 2 point 4 and it's at 180 point 2 Japanese Yen.

[解析] 题目涉及道琼斯收盘指数，新闻中提到In New York...at 5,549，故答案为C。

2. What does the news item mainly about?

A.The happenings on the share and currency markets.
B.The relations between U.S., Germany and Japan.
C.The London's share index.
D.The Asian and Western relation.

A B C D

[解析] 本题属于主旨题，新闻的主旨句一般出现在开头部分。新闻开头提到Now have a look at what's been happening on the financial markets，随后又报道了股票市场和外汇市场的相关情况，故答案为A。即使听得不清楚，本则新闻的主要内容也可以由一些关于股票和货币名称的关键词推断出来。

Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

3. Who is George Mitchell?

A.A representative of the IRA guerrillas.
B.A key player.
C.A former U.S. Senator.
D.A businessman and writer.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Northern Ireland peace talks resumed yesterday with negotiations trader orders from the U.S. Chairman George Mitchell, former U.S. Senator, to stop haggling and get down to the business of solving the worst violence in the province.
"The time has come to get down to serious negotiations and not to waste your time on full stops and commas. There is an urgent need for this process to proceed." George Mitchell said. The talks, launched with fanfare by the British and Irish governments on June 12, started, however, without representatives of the key players, the IRA guerrillas fighting the British rules.

[解析] 新闻中提到乔治·米切尔的时候用了一个同位语former U.S. Senator，故答案为C。

4. What can be concluded from the news?

A.The negotiators will cooperate in their attempt to solve violence in Northern Ireland.
B.Representatives of the IRA guerrillas can be excluded from the peace talks.
C.The 1RA guerrillas will soon give up fighting the British rule.
D.The Conservative Party will continue to be the ruling party.

A B C D

[解析] 新闻中提到的Northern Ireland peace talks resumed yesterday...表明，北爱尔兰的和平对话意在停止争论，着手讨论如何解决该省最严重的暴力问题，由此可知答案为A。

Questions 25 to 27 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

5. How many people were arrested?

A.500.
B.8.
C.9.
D.10.

A B C D

[听力原文]
The authorities in Mexico said that around 500 children have been rescued from all orphanage after they were allegedly subject to sexual abuse and forced to beg. The owner and eight employees of the House of the Big Family, a children's home in the state of Michoacan have been arrested. Tomas Ceron tic Lucio of the Attorney General's office told a news conference of the victims' treatment.
Among others they were forced to beg famine in the streets. They were fed with food and feed to eat. They had to sleep on the ground with pests, suffer sexual abuse, and were banned from leaving the home. Babies born in the house were registered as sons of the founder, and their biological parents did not have any say about them.

[解析] 题干中的arrested为定位词。由新闻中提到的The owner and eight employees of tile House of the Big Family...have been arrested(收容所负责人和8名雇员被捕)可知，共有9人被捕，故C符合题意，为答案。

6. The House of the Big Family is

A.an orphanage.
B.funded by the government.
C.a social relief agency.
D.founded by Tomas Ceron de Lucio.

A B C D

[解析] 新闻中提到...the House of the Big Family, a children's home in the state of Michoacan...，其中的a children's home作the House of the Big Family的同位语，用于说明“大家庭”的性质是“一家儿童收容所”，即A all orphanage“一所孤儿院”。

7. Which of the following is TRUE about the children from the orphanage?

A.They were rescued by their parents.
B.They are illegal child laborers.
C.Their physical condition is bad.
D.They were suffering inhuman treatment.

A B C D

[解析] 新闻中提到，这些孤儿院的孩子被迫在街道上乞讨。他们只有少量食物充饥，不得不睡在有很多害虫的地板上，遭遇性虐待，不准离开孤儿院。将他们的这些遭遇概括起来就是D“他们遭受了非人的待遇”。

Questions 28 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

8. The news is mainly about

A.Lisbon Treaty.
B.the 27-nation bloc.
C.an Irish referendum.
D.European Union election.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Political leaders across the European Union have welcomed the strong Irish referendum vote in favor of the Lisbon Treaty which is designed to strengthen the 27-nation bloc.
The Irish Yes vote was emphatic. More than two to one in favor, just over 67% to under 33%. That compares to 53%, who voted No last June against just 46% in favor of the treaty. The scale of the win exceeded all expectations and the pre-vote opinion polls. Public opinion inevitably remains divided here. Critics of the treaty insist Irish voters were bombarded with propaganda by their better-funded highly organized opponents.

[解析] 新闻首句便提到political leaders...have welcomed the strong Irish referendum vote in favor of...；接着介绍了公投的选票情况。故本则新闻主要介绍了爱尔兰的一次公投，C正确。

9. More than ______ were in favor of the treaty.

A.67%
B.53%
C.76%
D.46%

A B C D

[解析] 本题考查数字信息，听音时应做好相关记录。由新闻中提到的More than two to one in favor; just over 67% to under 33%. (支持与反对的比例大于2:1，也就是超过67%支持，不到33%的人反对)可知，A为本题答案。

10. How do the critics of the treaty think about the vote?

A.The result is beyond all expectations.
B.The pre-vote opinion polls turn out to be pessimistic.
C.It's reasonable for public opinion to be divided.
D.Irish voters were affected by some external factors.

A B C D

[解析] 新闻结尾提到Critics of the treaty insist Irish voters were bombarded with propaganda...by...opponents. (该条约的批评者坚持称，爱尔兰投票者受到了资金充裕、组织有序的敌人的宣传轰炸)，言外之意就是投票者受到了外部因素的影响，故D为本题答案。

PART Ⅲ CLOZE
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
Each day of Earth Week, for example, has been given over to a separate environmental issue. They are, 1 , energy efficiency, recycling, water 2 , alternative transportation, pollutant information and outdoor 3 . Each one, as you can see, is wholly concerned with human problems, human systems, human safety and 4 how (American) humans can go on living 5 the same material level over the long haul 6 messing things up for themselves. 7 on that list is there any consideration of what are thought to be animals (or trees or rivers) rights; nowhere any regard for the ongoing 8 of species caused by humans; nowhere a 9 for the countless other species that are being 10 daily by the destruction and poisoning of habitats; nowhere any thought given to the 11 of the natural systems of the living earth and learning to live in them as the first people did. 12 all, nowhere on the list is there found any consideration of wilderness, of the need for a healthy earth to have places where humans don't 13 ; where the full complexity and diversity of life are allowed to 14 unaffectedly. All that the Earth Day people can see is something called "just think of the 15 " of "outdoors", and all they can think of doing there is human "recreation".
The reason that is important is that 16 the human understands itself as a species "reapplies for membership in the biosphere", as the eco-historian Thomas Berry has 17 it, "it will never stop treating the earth and its treasures (resources) as the rightful food for its omnivorous maw (杂食性动物的胃), will never stop acting as if it owns the earth and has the right of control 18 its species". This is a matter of passing laws or double-panning windows; this is a deep reordering of values, a new (and very old) way of understanding the earth and its species as sacred, an ecological 19 that go right to the heart of our lives. Without it no 20 changes will come, or last.

A.of course
B.on condition
C.in practice
D.with regards

A B C D

[解析] 此处缺少插入语，选项中只有A of course和C in practice可以作插入语。A of course意为“当然”，表示理所应当；C in practice意为“实际上”。此句是对上句中的a separate environmental issue进行解释，只有C in practice用在此处符合语义，故为答案。

A.management
B.maintenance
C.conservation
D.protection

A B C D

[解析] water ______属于environmental issue的一类，选项中能被water修饰且一起构成环境问题的选项是C conservation“(对自然资源的)保护”。

A.event
B.refreshment
C.entertainment
D.recreation

A B C D

[解析] 需要选出能被outdoor修饰的选项。A event与outdoor搭配，意为“户外活动”，但语义笼统，故排除。B refreshment意为“起提神作用的事物”，不符合语义，故排除。C entertainment作为entertain的派生名词，指的是供消遣的事物或娱乐业。D recreation指人们在闲暇时为消遣和娱乐所进行的活动，其范围包含entertainment的内容，与语义相符，故为答案。下文出现的recreation为此空所填词的原词复现，对选择答案起到了很强的提示作用。

A.basically
B.socially
C.functionally
D.largely

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文的意思可知，此处说的是从根本上讲，美国人如何在相同的生活水平下长期生活，故答案为A basically，意为“基本上，从根本上说”。而其他选项均与语义不符。

A.on
B.under
C.with
D.at

A B C D

[解析] 空后的level通常与介词at搭配，意为“在……水平上”，故D为答案。

A.in
B.through
C.by
D.without

A B C D

[解析] 上文提到美国人如何在相同的生活水平下继续生活，由此可推知此处说的是为了他们自己没有把事情搞糟，故答案为D without。

A.Anywhere
B.Somewhere
C.Nowhere
D.Elsewhere

A B C D

[解析] 从下文出现的四个nowhere可以判断文章用了排比句式，由此可推测nowhere为此空所填词的原词复现，故C为答案。

A.extinction
B.migration
C.destruction
D.extraction

A B C D

[解析] 与空后的species形成合理搭配的名词为A extinction，意为“消失，灭绝”。B migration“迁移”、C destruction“破坏，毁灭”、D extraction“抽出，取出”均不能与species构成合理搭配。

A.awareness
B.concern
C.attention
D.intention

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文可知，所填词应和上文出现的regard同义，并且和介词for搭配，故答案为B concern。A awareness和D intention通常和介词of搭配，C attention通常和介词to搭配，故排除。

10.

A.intimidated
B.threatened
C.bullied
D.terrorized

A B C D

[解析] 四个选项均有“威胁”之意，A intimidated、C bullied和D terrorized被威胁的对象都是人，而此处提到的被威胁的对象是其他物种(other species)，故答案为B threatened。

11.

A.restoration
B.resumption
C.repayment
D.reservation

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文可知，此处说的是地球上自然体系的恢复，故答案为A restoration，而其他选项均与语义不符。

12.

A.For
B.In
C.Above
D.Over

A B C D

[解析] above all为固定短语，意为“最重要，首先”。

13.

A.interpret
B.intervene
C.insulate
D.interact

A B C D

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处需填不及物动词，故首先排除A和D。根据上下文可知，此处说的是人类不进行干涉的地方，故答案为B intervene“干预”。而C与语义不符，故排除。

14.

A.boom
B.swell
C.deteriorate
D.flourish

A B C D

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，complexity and diversity of life为本句的主语，因此此处说的是它们得到兴旺发展，故首先排除B swell和C deteriorate。A boom和D flourish都有“繁荣，兴旺”之意，boom作此义讲时，通常用于进行时中，其对象一般是生意、贸易或特殊的地区，而此处说的是life，故答案为D flourish。

15.

A.details
B.senses
C.implications
D.explanations

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文可知，此处说的是仅仅考虑—下“在户外”的内涵，故答案为C implications，其意为“含义，内涵”。A details“细节，详情”、B senses“感觉；意义”、D explanations“解释”均与语义不符，故排除。

16.

A.until
B.unless
C.if
D.though

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文可知，直到人类将自己看成是地球上的一个物种，他们才会停止将地球和地球上的资源看成是他们正当的食物，故A until为答案。

17.

A.placed
B.laid
C.boasted
D.put

A B C D

[解析] 从上下文的引号可以判断所填动词表示“说”的含义，故答案为D put“说，表达”。其他选项均无此意，故排除。

18.

A.upon
B.over
C.to
D.from

A B C D

[解析] 和control搭配的介词通常为over，其意为“对……的控制”，故B为答案。其他选项都不与control搭配，故排除。

19.

A.consciousness
B.conscience
C.caution
D.response

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文可知，深入人心的东西应该是一种生态意识，故答案为A consciousness。B conscience意为“良心，道德心”；C caution意为“小心，警告”；D response意为“回应”，均不符合文意。

20.

A.intense
B.passionate
C.profound
D.turbulent

A B C D

[解析] 四个选项中能修饰changes的只有C profound，意为“深刻的，意义深远的”。A intense意为“紧张的，强烈的”；B passionate意为“热情的，易怒的”；D turbulent意为“狂暴的，吵闹的”，均不符合文意。

PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. You spent more money than ______ intended to be spent.

A.were
B.is
C.was
D.are

A B C D

[解析] 题干中的than引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语，其先行词为money，由此排除A和D。又因为主句的时态是一般过去时，从句中也应保持一致，故答案为C。

2. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ______ to the outside world.

A.having been lost
B.to be lost
C.losing
D.lost

A B C D

[解析] 本题考查分词作状语。lost是lose的过去分词，逻辑主语仍为Anna，过去分词直接作伴随状语，排除A。B表示将来的状态，与题意不符。lose是及物动词，后接宾语无需加to，故排除C。lost与to构成短语be lost to，意为“对……无动于衷”，故答案为D。

3. How is it ______ your roommate's request and yours are identical?

A.if
B.so
C.what
D.that

A B C D

[解析] 本题考查how is it that...句型。四个选项中只有that可以与how is it构成固定搭配，意为“为什么……?……是怎么回事?”。此外，本句还考查it和that的用法。该句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后that引导的从句your roommate's request and yours are identical。it在此无具体意义，只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后部，避免造成句子的头重脚轻。

4. I'm ashamed ______ such a thing.

A.that you would have done
B.that you should have done
C.of what you are doing
D.to what you were doing

A B C D

[解析] I'm ashamed (glad, sorry)等结构后的that从句中要用“should+动词原形”或“should+have+过去分词”，其中should一般不可省，意为“竟然，居然”，表示说话人对某种情况感到惊讶，故答案为B。

5. The staff, having finished work for the day, ______ going home now.

A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were

A B C D

[解析] 题干主语staff为集体名词，因go home强调个体，各自回家，因而应排除A is和C was。谓语动词应该与时间状语now保持一致，故选B are。

6. There is ______ district in the world.

A.no such a
B.not such
C.not such a
D.no such

A B C D

[解析] 因such为指示代词，no such之后不可用不定冠词a，故答案为D。

7. ______ I'd like to, I can't come.

A.In spite of
B.Though much
C.Much as
D.As much

A B C D

[解析] 由题干中的I'd like to和I can't come可知前后部分存在着转折关系，而在正式文体中，as和though可以用于不以其为首的让步状语从句中，但必须以形容词、名词或动词开头，可见B和D应排除。A In spite of意为“尽管”，后面需要接名词或动名词短语。而C Much as意为“即使”，符合题意，故为答案。

8. "You are very selfish. It's time you ______ that you are not the most important person in the world," Edgar said to his boss angrily.

A.realize
B.have realized
C.realized
D.would realize

A B C D

[解析] It is time (that)...为固定结构，意为“该是……时候了”，that引导的定语从句中的动词应用过去式，故答案为C。

9. You may borrow the book, ______ that you do not lend it to anyone else.

A.on occasion
B.on condition
C.on purpose
D.only if

A B C D

[解析] on condition that为固定搭配，意为“在……条件下，倘若”，故答案为B。

10. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least.

A.for which
B.to which
C.of which
D.in which

A B C D

[解析] 根据题意，所填词应是引导非限制性定语从句的带有介词的关系代词，句中least作代词暗示对介词of的选择，故答案为C。

11. It is no good ______ him. He is always indifferent towards others' matters.

A.to turn to
B.turning to
C.turn to
D.turned to

A B C D

[解析] It is no good doing sth是常见句型，意为“做……没用”，no good后应接动名词形式，故答案为B。turn to意为“向……求助”。

12. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A.are to challenge
B.may be challenged
C.have been challenged
D.are challenging

A B C D

[解析] 根据句意，所填词应使用被动语态，因此首先排除A和D。B may be challenged和后半句中的are being modified相矛盾，故答案为C。

13. ______ she wondered if she had made a mistake.

A.Not until long afterwards that
B.Not long until afterwards
C.It was not until long afterwards that
D.It was long afterwards until

A B C D

[解析] 本题考查强调句。强调句的固定结构是“it is/was+被强调的部分+that从句”，其中，it is/was与that均不能被省略。A、B、D均不符合要求，只有C符合要求，故为答案。

14. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ______?

A.does there
B.isn't there
C.hasn't there
D.isn't it

A B C D

[解析] 本题考查反意疑问句的用法。在反意疑问句中，如果陈述部分是there be结构，则反意部分仍然用there be句型，不受句子时态的影响，因而排除A、C和D。本题的题干为肯定句，反意部分应为否定疑问，故答案为B。

15. He is not ______ I thought he would be.

A.more a help than
B.a help more than
C.so much of a help as
D.a help as much as

A B C D

[解析] be much of a是固定搭配，意为“了不起的，很好的”，通常用于否定句和疑问句，故答案为C。more...than...是另一固定搭配，意为“与其说是……不如说是……”，前后是并列关系，不符合题意，因此排除A。

16. A love marriage, however, does not necessarily ______ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.

A.take over
B.result in
C.hold on
D.keep to

A B C D

[解析] B result in意为“导致，产生”，符合题意，故为答案。A take over“接收，接管”、C hold on“继续，不挂断(电话)”、D keep to“坚持，保持”都与题意不符，故排除。

17. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U. S., he will ______ work on a five-language opera.

A.confine
B.indulge
C.resume
D.undergo

A B C D

[解析] C resume意为“重新开始，恢复”，符合题意，故为答案。而A confine意为“禁闭，限制”，B indulge意为“纵容，沉溺于”，D undergo意为“经历，遭受，忍受”，都与题意不符，故排除。

18. The bus that ______ outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.

A.held back
B.pulled up
C.got down
D.set forth

A B C D

[解析] 根据题干可判断，空处所填短语的主语为the bus。B pulled up指“(车等)停在某处”，符合题意，故为答案。A held back“阻止”、C got down“下来”、D set forth“(人)动身出发”均不符合题意。

19. These varied racial groups have learned to live together in peace and ______, setting an example well worth following.

A.harmony
B.grace
C.rhythm
D.relief

A B C D

[解析] A harmony意为“和谐，和睦”，in harmony构成介词词组，故为答案。而B grace意为“优美，雅致”；C rhythm意为“节奏，韵律”；D relief意为“减轻，解除”。

20. We advised them to take a rest, but they ______ on finishing the work.

A.suggested
B.continued
C.insisted
D.persisted

A B C D

[解析] insisted on是固定短语，意为“坚持，坚决认为”，后接名词或动名词，故C为答案。而A suggested意为“建议”，后面不可接on；B continued意为“继续，持续”，后接名词或不定式；D persisted“坚持，持续”，后接介词in。

21. A(n) ______ job is one that is long and boring.

A.dull
B.tedious
C.tiresome
D.monotonous

A B C D

[解析] 四个选项都有“单调的，令人厌倦的”之意。其中B tedious侧重于又长又慢又罗嗦且令人生厌，照应题干后面的long and boring，故为答案。而A dull强调缺乏使人感到有趣的特点，C tiresome侧重于对人或事物强烈的厌烦，暗示劳累之意，D monotonous主要指由于缺乏变化，总是保持一个样子而令人厌倦，都与题意不符，故排除。

22. Jane has just ______ a letter from a friend of hers in England.

A.returned
B.answered
C.offered
D.replied

A B C D

[解析] answer a letter为固定搭配，意为“回信”，此时，answer不能换成reply，故答案为B answered。而其他三项与上下文意思不符，故排除。

23. The manager made a farseeing decision ______ what she had said.

A.in the course of
B.in the light of
C.in favor of
D.in the face of

A B C D

[解析] B in the light of意为“根据”，符合题意，故为答案。而A in the course of意为“在……期间，在……过程中”，C in favor of意为“赞同，支持”，D in the face of意为“在……面前，面对……”，都与题意不符，故排除。

24. We should always keep in mind that ______ decisions often lead to bitter regrets.

A.hasty
B.instant
C.prompt
D.rapid

A B C D

[解析] A hasty意为“仓促的，轻率的”，与后面的bitter regrets构成因果关系，故为答案。而B instant意为“紧急的，迫切的，立刻的”，C prompt意为“立刻行动的，果断的，及时的”，D rapid意为“快的，迅速的”，都与题意不符，故排除。

25. I turned down his invitation to dinner as I didn't want to ______ on him.

A.invade
B.disturb
C.interfere
D.impose

A B C D

[解析] D impose用作不及物动词时，常与on搭配，意为“利用，占……的便宜”，故为答案。而A invade意为“侵犯”，常用作及物动词，不与on搭配；B disturb意为“打扰，扰乱”，常用作及物动词；C interfere意为“干涉，干预”，为不及物动词，常与with/in搭配。

26. Classification is a useful ______ to the organization of knowledge in any field.

A.means
B.approach
C.mode.
D.manner

A B C D

[解析] B approach作“方式，方法；态度”讲时，后接介词to，而其他几个选项都没有这种用法，故B为答案。

27. Jones and Edwards are ______ the producer and director of the movie.

A.responsibly
B.respectfully
C.respectively
D.respectably

A B C D

[解析] C respectively意为“各自地，各别地”，符合题意，故为答案。A responsibly意为“负责任地”，B respectfully意为“恭敬地，有礼貌地”，D respectably意为“体面地，相当好地”，均与题意不符，故排除。

28. His illness made him ______ of concentration.

A.incompetent
B.unable
C.incapable
D.powerless

A B C D

[解析] C incapable意为“无能力的，不能上任的”，后接of，故为答案。A incompetent意为“不称职的，无能力的”，B unable意为“无法的，不能的”，后接动词不定式，D powerless意为“无能的，无力量的，无权力的”，都与题意不符，故排除。

29. Of all the soldiers they had the ______ of being the fiercest, the most patriotic, the toughest.

A.recognition
B.reservation
C.recreation
D.reputation

A B C D

[解析] 根据题干可判断，所填词应与being the fiercest，the most patriotic the toughest“最有战斗力，最爱国的，最强悍的”等具有褒义的词相呼应。D reputation“名声，名望”概括了这些意思，故为答案。A recognition“认识，承认”、B reservation“保留，预订(房间、机票等)”、C recreation“消遣，娱乐”均与句意不符。

30. Very few scientists ______ completely new answers to the world's problems.

A.come up with
B.come out
C.come round
D.come up to

A B C D

[解析] A come up with意为“想出(计划、答复)，提出”，符合题意，故为答案。B come out意为“出版，结果是”，C come round意为“恢复知觉，到来”，D come up to意为“赶得上，不亚于”，都与题意不符，故排除。

PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

TEXT A
A finding in recent years shows that men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. Because they do not breathe as often as women, men also need more oxygen. But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to another risk. They draw more of the air when it is polluted.
Men's bones are larger than women's and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. A man has broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which makes him stride out with no waste motion. A woman's wider pelvis, designed for childbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of jiggle and sway as she walks.
If you think a man is brave because he can climb a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, don't forget it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman's thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing difficult for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.
A man's skin is thicker than a woman's and not nearly as soft. This prevents the sun's radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible fur coat to keep a woman warmer in the winter. Women also stay cooler in summer because the fat layer helps insulate them against heat. Men's fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. 41 percent of a man's body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means that men have more muscle power. When we mention strength, almost 90 percent of a man's weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman's weight.
The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns tip five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man wants to loss weight, the pounds roll off much faster. For all men's muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women's nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.
Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.

1. That boys suffer more from air pollution can possibly be justified by the fact that

A.the male have larger bones than the female.
B.women can manufacture blood more efficiently than men.
C.men usually breathe more deeply than women.
D.women breathe as often as men.

A B C D

[解析] 首段段尾处设题。考查男士受空气污染影响更大的原因。
文章第一段最后两句提到，男人呼吸比女人更深，所以吸入的受污染空气也更多，故C为答案。

2. The different ways men and women move their body indicate that

A.bone structures in men and women are arranged differently.
B.women's bones are more ready to movement.
C.men always move their bodies with waste motions.
D.women are good at climbing upwards.

A B C D

[解析] 因果关系处设题。考查男女移动身体的方式不同的原因。
文章第二段开头提到，男人的骨骼比女人的大，构造也有不同。然后列举了男人和女人各自移动身体的不同方式，归根到底是因为他们骨骼构造的不同，故A为答案。

3. It can be concluded from the passage that

A.men suffer more from sun's radiation than women do.
B.men will be more exhausted than women after a long trip.
C.the higher proportion of fat in women's body makes them easier to lose weight.
D.an aged man can still exercise his body as he was young.

A B C D

[解析] 对比处设题。考查男人与女人的差异。
第五段末尾提到，男人爆发力强，但缺少女人拥有的能量储备，由此可知，男人在长途旅行后更易疲劳，故B正确。第四段第二句提到，男人的皮肤比女人的厚而且不如女人的皮肤柔软，可以有效抵挡阳光辐射，故A错误。第五段首句提到，肌肉比脂肪的比例大使男人更容易减肥，故C错误。第六段尾句提到，一个60岁的男人的运动能力只有他20岁时的60%，故D错误。

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.More oxygen needs to be prepared when a man is having surgery.
B.Man's courage has nothing to do with male's body structure.
C.A woman usually stays cooler in summer and warmer in winter.
D.It is easier for a man to lose his weight.

A B C D

[解析] 段首处，因果关系处设题。考查根据已知信息进行合理推断的能力。
第三段第一句提到，如果你觉得男人勇敢是因为他能爬上梯子清洁排水檐沟，那么不要忘了这活对男人来说比对女人要容易些。由此可以推断男人的勇气与身体构造有关，故B“男人的勇气和身体结构无关”错误，为答案。由首段第二、三句可知A正确，予以排除。由第四段第四、五句可知C正确，予以排除。由第五段首句可知D正确，予以排除。

5. The best title for the above article is

A.Why Men Lack Capacity for Exercise Over the Years.
B.How Men's Bones Are Arranged Differently from Women's.
C.Studies on Differences and Similarities Between Men and Women.
D.Men and Women: Some Differences.

A B C D

[解析] 主旨大意题。考查对文章主题的综合概括。
从文章的内容来看，答案只能在C和D中选，C是对男人和女人的相同和不同的研究。文章只说了不同点，没提相同点，所以D项是最合适。

TEXT B
Marianne Montgomery was timid and unadventurous, her vitality consumed by physical activity and longing, her intelligence by indecisiveness, but this had less to do with the innate characteristics of her weaker sex (as her father, Creighton Montgomery, called it) than with the enfeebling circumstances of her upbringing. Creighion Montgomery had enough money to mould his daughters according to his misconceptions: girls were not meant to fend for themselves so he protected them from life. Which is to say that Marianne Montgomery grew up without making any vital choices for herself. Prevented from acquiring the habits of freedom and strength of character which grow from decision-making, very rich girls, whose parents have the means to protect them in such a crippling fashion, are the last representatives of Victorian womanhood. Though they may have the boldest manners and most up-to-date ideas, they share their great-grandmothers' humble dependence.
Most parents these days have to rely on their force of personality and whatever love and respect they can inspire to exert any influence over their children at all, but there is still an awful lot of parental authority that big money can buy. Multimillionaires have more of everything than ordinary mortals, including more parent power, and their sons and daughters have about as much opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations as they would have had in the age of absolute monarchy.
The rich still have families.
The great divide between the generations, which is so much taken for granted that no one remarks on it any longer, is the plight of the lower and middle classes, whose children begin to drift away as soon as they are old enough to go to school. The parents cannot control the school, and have even less say as to what company and ideas the child will be exposed to; nor can they isolate him from the public mood, the spirit of the age. It is an often-heard complaint of the middle-class mother, for instance, that she must let her children watch television for hours on end every day if she is to steal any time for herself. The rich have no such problems; they can keep their offspring busy from morning to night without being near them for a minute more than they choose to be, and can exercise almost total control over their environment. As for schooling, they can hand-pick tutors with sound views to come to the children, who may never leave the grounds their parents own, in town, in the country, by the sea, unless for an exceptionally secure boarding school or a well-chaperoned trip abroad. It would have been easier for little Marianne Montgomery to go to Cairo than to the nearest newsstand.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The rich control their children's lives without being near them.
B.The generation gap only occurs in the lower and middle classes.
C.Rich parents have more authority over their children than poor parents.
D.Very rich girls are rather dependent as a result of being overprotected by their parents.

A B C D

[解析] 主旨处设题，考查对文章的整体把握能力。
全篇主要写富裕家庭的家长对孩子们，尤其是女儿们有更多的管制，他们比穷人家的父母给自己的孩子提供更多的保护，因此，特别富裕家庭的女儿往往依赖性强，故D为答案。A只是作者在证明富人对孩子们的绝对控制时所举的一个例子，并不是文章的主旨；B和C在文中并没有体现。

2. The author implies that Marianne Montgomery's timidity and unadventurousness were closely associated with the

A.innate characteristics of the weaker sex.
B.way she was brought up.
C.consumption of her vitality.
D.her physical activity and longing.

A B C D

[解析] 例证处设题，考查例证的目的。
文章第一段就举了玛丽安娜·蒙哥马利的例子，其目的是为了证明作者在第一句中提到的观点：造成这种现象的原因更多地是与她成长的环境有关，而不是与女孩子天生柔弱的个性有关。所以，B“和她被抚养的方式有关”表述正确，故为答案，从而排除了A。C和D都只是她胆怯和缺少冒险精神的表现，而不是原因。

3. What does the phrase "to fend for themselves" (Line 4, Para. 1) most probably mean?

A.to present themselves.
B.to isolate themselves.
C.to be proud of themselves.
D.to look after themselves.

A B C D

[解析] 特殊标点处设题，明确冒号后是对misconceptions的解释有助于解题。
文章第一段第二句谈到玛丽安娜·蒙哥马利按照他自己的错误观念来塑造他的女儿，接着冒号后的内容解释了这种错误的观念，即女孩们不能照顾自己，所以他从女儿们出生起就为她们提供保护，因此应选D。A“表现自己”、B“孤立自己”、C“为自己感到骄傲”都不符合题意。

4. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that multimillionaires' children have

A.little opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations.
B.more opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations than ordinary children.
C.as much opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations as ordinary children.
D.absolute opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations.

A B C D

[解析] 段尾处设题，考查富裕家庭的孩子发展机会的多少以及按照哪方的意愿发展。
从第二段最后一句可知，富裕家庭给了孩子太多的保护和限制，这些家庭的父母比起一般家庭的父母更有可能按照自己的意愿给孩子设计人生道路，因此不难推测答案为A。其他三项表达的意思与文意相反。

5. Which of the following is true about Creighton Montgomery's daughters?

A.They did not have up-to-date ideas.
B.They were unintelligent.
C.They did not have much freedom.
D.They had no physical activity.

A B C D

[解析] 首段例证处设题，考查例证的特征。
第一段在描述这个富裕家庭的女儿成长时，说她们的懦弱和依赖性强是因为从小受到了太多的保护和限制，从小就失去了自由习性和坚韧性格，所以C为答案。A错误在于，第一段中的Though they may have the boldest manners...表明她们可以有最大胆的行为和新潮的观念，只是缺少实施的勇气；B和D也均与原文意思不符，原文说的是她们的精力为体力活动和渴望所消耗，聪明才智被犹豫不决而浪费。

6. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?

A.Angry and indignant.
B.Factual and informative.
C.Humorously critical.
D.Cautiously optimistic.

A B C D

[解析] 观点处设题，考查文章的写作基调。
根据全文的语言，尤其是在描述女孩们时所说的一句话：“她们的精力为体力活动和渴望所消耗，聪明才智被犹豫不决而浪费”，不难看出作者的语气是带有幽默性的批判，因此答案为C。

TEXT C
If your child only picks at his food, he can be trained to be a good eater.
That will happen only when you've changed some of your own habits. Your child only accidentally discovered that being a bad eater meant getting lots of rewards from you. But you, as a parent, can easily undo your child's bad eating habits.
I recall the case of little Sally Sanders, aged three-and-a-half, who was angrily described by her mother as being, "the worst eater I've ever seen in my life! I can't get her to eat anything. I'm afraid she's going to grow up sick and weak, that's how little she eats".
"What do you do when she won't eat her food?" I asked.
Her voice showing a very high state of pique, Mrs. Sanders continued resentfully, "Every time we have a meal, I wind up having a big fight with Sally. I scream and shout a lot at her. She makes me so mad when she won't eat her food. I warn her she needs a good, well-balanced meal to grow up healthy. She's just a stubborn child who won't eat her food. I'm afraid she'll get a bad vitamin deficiency for not eating all the good food I cook for her."
I took a thorough case history. I went into much detail about the family's habits, their routines, their way of getting on together. Sally, I was told, had always been a bad eater. Mother and father agreed that Sally became worse in her eating habits soon after Elizabeth, her nine-month-old baby sister, was born. "It only makes Sally very angry when I tell her what a wonderful little eater Elizabeth is. Elizabeth is such a wonderful eater I never have any problems with her. Why can't Sally be like Elizabeth?"
"Instead of making mealtime an occasion for pleasure, you've made it into a battle of wills, a struggle for power between you and little Sally," I explained.
Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional treatment for your child. For now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Don't scold if she doesn't eat everything on her plate. If she's eaten everything and wants more, give her only tiny additional portions. Never insist that she eat everything on her plate. Remain, to the best of your ability calm, unconcerned and indifferent to her habit of slowly picking away at her food. Instead, enjoy your own food, and pay no attention to Sally. Then, after about, say, 30 minutes, very calmly pick up all the plates and other crockery from the table. Mealtime is over. Maybe your child will complain that she hasn't finished yet. Pay her no heed. But do say, for example, "That's the way it's got to be. We can't stay at the table too long eating. Sony, if you're still hungry, you'll just have to wait until lunch time, (or whatever the next meal is)."

1. A bad eater in the article refers to who

A.has no taste for food.
B.eats bad food.
C.pay no attention to nutrition of food at all.
D.picks at the food and eats very little.

A B C D

[解析] 首段设题，引言处设题，考查文中主要论述概念的所指。
文章第一段提到了pick at his food，第三段萨莉母亲的话提到了I can't get her to eat anything...that's how little she eats，由此可见饮食习惯坏的孩子是指那些喜欢挑食、吃得很少的孩子，故答案为D。C中的关键词nutrition与最后一段的nutritional对应，但与bad eater无关。

2. The word "pique" (Line 1, Para. 5) can be replaced by the word

A.anger.
B.resentment.
C.excitement.
D.pleasure.

A B C D

[解析] 词义处设题，考查根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。
根据第三段第一句...who was angrily described by...以及第五段第一句...Mrs. Sanders continued resentfully可以排除C和D。B和后一句中的副词resentfully词义重复，故排除，故答案为A。pique意为“恼怒，生气”。

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A.Sally's mother contributes much to Sally's bad eating habits.
B.Sally's mother praises the baby sister to make Shally angry.
C.Sally's mother cannot cook nutritional food.
D.Sally's mother intends to make mealtime a struggle for power.

A B C D

[解析] 观点处设题，考查文中例证萨莉母亲对孩子所作所为的影响。
从文章第七段作者的话中可以看出，这位孩子的母亲没有将进餐时间当成一种快乐，相反，却把它变成了一场与萨莉意志力的斗争，由此可见，这位母亲要对萨莉坏习惯的养成负很大的责任，故答案为A。

4. What advice does the author provide for Mrs. Sanders?

A.Give her child nutritious food only.
B.Force her child to eat everything.
C.To become an amateur nutritionist.
D.Stop scolding her child and try to change her child's bad eating habits.

A B C D

[解析] 末段段首处设题，考查作者对萨莉母亲提出的建议。
文章最后一段第二句提到“从现在开始，停止做一个业余的营养师”，也就是不要把自己当成营养师一样安排孩子的饮食，由此可知C表述正与此相反。而A和B都过于绝对且与文意相反。文中提到，当孩子不好好吃饭时，母亲总批评孩子。而作者在最后一段提到，不要再批评孩子，而是要想办法改变孩子的饮食习惯。因此，D项表述与文章相符，为本题答案。

5. The author is probably

A.a skillful nurse.
B.a nutritionist.
C.a physician.
D.a psychologist.

A B C D

[解析] 末段设题，推测作者的职业身份。
根据最后一段作者给这位母亲的建议可以看出，他非常了解孩子的心理，可能是位心理学家，又因为其他三个选项都与文意不符，故答案为D。

TEXT D
There are few stranger alliances in America's culture wars than the one between nativists and multiculturalists on the subject of assimilating immigrants. Nativists argue that the great American assimilation machine is broken beyond repair. Immigrants arrived in such quantities in the 1980's and 1990's that they can seclude themselves in ethnic enclaves rather than merging into the mainstream. And the growing ease of communications means that they have no need to loosen their ties with their original countries. The Italians who passed through Ellis Island at the turn of the century had little hope of seeing their motherland again. The multiculturalists agree with the nativists' premises but go on to draw radically different conclusions. "Mainstream America" was never anything more than a codeword for racial oppression, they argue. The arrival of millions of unassimilated immigrants is requiring America to abandon the old notion of a melting pot and turn itself instead into a "gorgeous mosaic" in which distinctive ethnic groups still manage to make a whole.
Gregory Rodriguez, a fellow at the New America Foundation, says it is wrong to measure assimilation against impossible standards. Immigrants have always taken time to move into the mainstream, both geographically and culturally. And assimilation has always been a two-way process, with each new wave of immigrants contributing something to what it means to be American, from Jewish humor to German beer. The proper measure of assimilation is not whether ethnic groups have cut their ties to their homeland completely, but whether they have put down roots in the United States. Mr. Rodriguez argues that if you look at the four most important measures of "roots" — citizenship, home ownership, language acquisition and intermarriage — then assimilation is going on much as it always has.
Much of what Mr. Rodriguez has to say is common sense. The United States is the most culturally powerful nation in the world, striking terror into chauvinists from Paris to Tehran; it is hardly surprising that it should be able to absorb people within its own borders, particularly since most people come to the United States with the express purpose of getting ahead. It is perhaps not surprising either that nativists should ignore common sense; at bottom, much of their objection to immigration is based on race. But why multiculturalists should seek to deny the obvious is a subject worthy of study in itself.

1. The nativists think that

A.immigrants can no longer be brought into mainstream America.
B.mainstream America refuses to assimilate immigrants any more.
C.immigrants will eventually be assimilated into mainstream America.
D.assimilation ironically strengthens cultural identities of immigrants.

A B C D

[解析] 首段设题，考查本土主义者对同化问题的看法。
根据第一段第二、三句可知，本土主义者的观点是，美国已经不能再同化其他种族了，而且移民大批地到来，形成了自己的民族聚居区，并不想融入到美国的主流社会中，故答案为A。

2. What is multiculturalists' view on assimilation?

A.There has been no such thing as mainstream America.
B.Mainstream America has been instrumental in combating racial oppression.
C.Different ethnic groups will in time be brought into mainstream America.
D.Immigrants should retain their ethnic identities.

A B C D

[解析] 首段设题，考查多元文化主义者对同化问题的看法。
根据第一段最后两句可知，多元文化主义者的观点是，他们认为“主流美国”不过是种族压迫的代名词而已。“民族大熔炉”这样的过时概念应该被放弃，取而代之的是各个民族保持自身鲜明的特色，故答案为D“移民们应该保持他们的民族特性”。

3. According to Gregory Rodriguez, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.Mainstream America discriminates against immigrants of certain ethnicities.
B.America's assimilating machine is still working.
C.Immigrants find it difficult to abandon their cultural identities.
D.Immigrants should abandon their own cultures.

A B C D

[解析] 人物观点处设题，考查新美国基金会人员格雷戈里·罗德里格兹对同化的看法。
由题干关键词，将信息定位于第二段第二句“从地理和文化方面讲，移民要融入主流社会一直是需要时间的”和本段最后一句“……这种同化作用依然存在，就像过去那样”。由此可知B“美国这台同化机器仍然在运转”为答案。

4. The author seems to be in favor of

A.the nativists.
B.the multiculturalists.
C.Gregory Rodriguez.
D.mainstream America.

A B C D

[解析] 末段设题，考查作者自己对同化问题的看法。
根据最后一段首句“罗德里格兹先生所说的主要部分其实就是常理”，这表明作者对罗德里格兹先生观点的肯定，故答案为C。同时作者在本段结尾部分否定了本土主义者和多元文化主义者的观点，由此可排除其他三个选项。

PART Ⅵ WRITING

SECTION A COMPOSITION

1. A donation is not a good way to aid the recovery of earthquake-hit regions. Do you agree?
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words:
You are to write in three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.
In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Donation Is Not a Good Way
to Aid the Recovery of Earthquake-hit Regions

I strongly agree that donation is a very good way, or I must say, essential, to aid the recovery of the earthquake-hit areas in short term. Nonetheless, I believe that it is not a good way to aid the recovery those regions in long term.
Right in the wake of the earthquakes, millions of people in earthquake hit regions became homeless refugees. A majority of people were struggling for survival as they suffered from starvation, thirst and physical injuries. Donations, in terms of food, water, clothing and medicine are absolutely important to the people who are in urgent need of help. Doctors, nurses and other volunteers are all crucial to aid victims in short term.
Nevertheless, long-term donation is definitely not a wise means to the earthquake-affected regions since we should aim for seeing sustainable development and recovery initiated by themselves. Endless donations would make those regions so dependent on aid that eventually the incentive and ability to rebuild their cities or homes on their own would be lost.
Successful recovery should be self-initiated. In fact, there are many ways to aid the recovery in the long run. We can bring various technology and technological knowledge to speed up the recovery. Experts can involve in the planning of recovery of those regions and educate people better on economic development in those affected areas. BY those means, long-term sustainable recovery development can be ensured in a selfmotivated way with their own effort.

[解析] 对于地震灾区的人们来说，捐助不是帮助他们重建家园的好办法。对此，你是否同意?写篇约200字左右的文章，并给文章起个合适的标题。
第一段：表明观点：对地震灾区短期捐助有必要，但不宜长期捐助；
第二段：阐述对地震灾区短期捐助的必要性；
第三段：阐述对地震灾区长期捐助的害处；
第四段：提出其他长期援助地震灾区的方法建议。

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING

1. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50～60 words based on the following situation:
You are Jim. You have passed the exam for graduation. Write a note to express your thanks for Brittany's help with your exam.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

April 21, 2014

Dear Brittany,
I have passed my exam and I don't know how to express my gratitude to you. I know it's impossible without your help. I'd like to invite you to my graduation party in my house at 8:30 p.m. tomorrow. I'm sincerely hope that you can come. Shall I pick you up at the gate of your apartment at 7:00 p.m. tomorrow?

Yours,
Jim

[解析] 根据题目要求，10分钟内写出一张50～60字的便条。内容是：你是Jim，通过Brittany的帮助，你通过了毕业考试，写张便条对她表示感谢。注意便条的相关格式。
表示感谢的便条常常包括三个部分：第一，对于收信人的帮助表示感谢；第二，解释感谢的原因或对方的帮助给自己带来的好处。