银符考试题库-在线练习-专业四级模拟478

专业四级模拟478

PART Ⅰ DICTATION

1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be clone at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.

语音下载

British Women

British women, in common with women in most Western countries, have been fighting for sexual equality with men for much of the last century. Their achievements have been considerable.
First and foremost, discrimination against anyone on the grounds of their sex alone is illegal. For women, this means they are entitled to be given equal respect and status with men in all areas of life. Many British women expect to pursue careers for intellectual, financial and social reasons. They also expect equal pay with men for the same job. When they have family responsibilities, some women, depending on financial and other circumstances, choose not to work; others choose to take time off work while their children are young. In still other families, the father will give up work while the mother continues to pursue her career. In all these cases men and women are generally expected to share the domestic responsibilities at home with their partners.

[解析] 第一遍听音时记录women，sexual equality等关键词，这样易于把握与主题相关的discrimination，equal和status等词。
much of连读。
表示逻辑顺序的词组First and foremost后需加逗号。
on the grounds of连读。
entitled to之间不完全爆破。
expect to之间不完全爆破。
以some和others开头的两个句子之间一般用分号；主语和谓语之间如果有分词短语，分词短语前后都要用逗号。此外，这些标点符号的判断主要靠停顿时间的长短来决定。一般来说，逗号、分号和句号停顿时间的比例约为1/4，1/2和1。
give up连读。

PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
In sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.

语音下载

1. What will the woman do at high school?

A.She will teach psychology at high school.
B.She will teach chemistry at high school.
C.She will help to study learning methods at high school.
D.She will help students to do experiments at high school.

A B C D

[听力原文]
M: Hi, Mary. Do you want to start writing a lab report after we finish this experiment?
W: I can't. In fact, I need to finish early because I'm going over to the Psychology Department to talk to Professor Smith about the job opening.
M: You mean a job on campus?
W: Yeah, and it sounds pretty interesting. It involves helping with her study on learning styles. You know, some people learn best by sight, while others learn best by bearing or touching.
M: Yes. I know that's her area of expertise.
W: Right! Anyway, for her study, she's taking some high school students who're doing very well in the classes and testing them to find out what their learning styles are. Then tutors, people like me, will work with them, presenting materials to them in their particular learning styles.
M: Hey, that is interesting. Now, will you mostly do the testing or the tutoring?
W: Both I hope. I want to be involved from start to finish.
M: Are you going to be paid for this?
W: I'm sure we'll get something, though probably not much. Anyway, it doesn't matter to me. I just want to have some hands on experience.
M: Yeah, and that'll be nice to help the high school students too.
W: That's what I thought when I saw the ad. You know you could do it too. You don't have to be in her classes to work or to study.
M: Really? You have any idea what the schedule is like?
W: Late afternoon and evening for tutoring. I think, after all, the kids have regular classes until 3:30.
M: Actually that's perfect for me.
W: Then come along. We'll save the lab report for later. But we'd better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first.
M: Yeah, first thing's first.

[解析] 推断题。对话中女士谈到她将帮助教授做实验(will work with them)，来研究学生的学习方式(find out what their learning styles are)，故答案为C。

2. Why is the woman interested in working with Professor Smith?

A.Because she wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab.
B.Because she wants to get practical experience.
C.Because she is interested in psychology major.
D.Because she wants to earn some extra money.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。男士问女士做这份工作是否会有报酬，女士说会有一些，但她看中的是能从工作中获得一些实践经验(I just want to have some hands-on experience)，由此可知女士对加入Smith教授的研究感兴趣，是因为这能帮她获得一些实践经验，故答案为B。

3. What will the speakers probably do next?

A.Write their lab report.
B.Find out Professor Smith's schedule.
C.Interview some high school students.
D.Finish their chemistry experiment.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。对话结尾处女士说，虽然要去加入到Smith教授的工作，但是首先要把实验做好(We'd better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first)，由此推断，二人接下来要先完成他们的实验，故答案为D。

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.

语音下载

4. What does the man need to do before taking the course in Poets of the 1960's?

A.To give up his cafeteria work.
B.To sign up for the class.
C.To pay tuition for the class.
D.To take an Introduction to Poetry.

A B C D

[听力原文]
W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?
M: Well, not so great.
W: What's wrong?
M: I've got a big problem with the poetry course that's required for my major.
W: Is that all filled up?
M: No, no, there's plenty of room, but there is a prerequisite. I've got to take an Introduction to Poetry before I can take the special course in Poets of the 1960's and the introductory course is only offered in the evening.
W: You don't like evening classes?
M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening and I need the money to pay my tuition.
W: Can you ask someone at work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evenings since the course probably only meets twice a week.
M: I wish I could. My boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he will hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.
W: Wait a minute. I have an idea. Have you checked the courses over at the community college? They might offer an introductory poetry course during the day,
M: Hey, that's a great idea. I'm free this afternoon. I think I'll go over and check it out.
W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper, and you can transfer the credits over there.
M: Thanks for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.
W: Sure, Mark. Good luck. Oh, while you are there, could you find out when their pool is open?
M: No problem.

[解析] 男士提到他必须take an Introduction to Poetry before...take the special course in Poets of the 1960s，由此可知，在学习Poets of the 1960's这门课程之前，男士首先要学习一门诗歌入门的课程。

5. What problem does the man have with the introductory poetry class?

A.He has another class at the same time.
B.He has already been familiar with the material.
C.The class time is the same with his working time.
D.The class is too far away.

A B C D

[解析] 男士提到the introductory course is only offered in the evening，而他work in the cafeteria every evening，工作时间和上课时间互相冲突，这就是男士选诗歌入门课程时遇到的麻烦。

6. Why doesn't the man want to change his work schedule?

A.He wants to work the same schedule as his friends.
B.He likes to do his homework in the evening.
C.All the other work schedules conflict with his classes.
D.He doesn't want to ask his boss for another favor.

A B C D

[解析] 女士建议男士调换上班时间，男士说他的老板刚帮了他一个忙，把他putting...on evenings(调成夜班)，要是他再提出要求换成白班，老板肯定会hit the ceiling(很愤怒)，由此可知，男士因为不想ask his boss for another favor，所以才不想改变工作时间。

7. Why does the man want to get the class at the community college?

A.The class size there is smaller.
B.It may offer the class he needs during the day.
C.Its courses cost less.
D.It has a pool.

A B C D

[解析] 男士的上班时间和上课时间冲突，经女士提醒得知community college有可能offer an introductory poetry course during the day，所以他才想去community college上课，这样他的时间就不会冲突了。

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.

语音下载

8. What did the man think about the people of the Ice Age?

A.They lived in caves.
B.They traveled in groups.
C.They had an advanced language.
D.They ate mostly fruit.

A B C D

[听力原文]
M: Hey, Jane. What's so interesting?
W: What? Oh, hi, Tom. I'm reading this fascinating article on the societies of the Ice Age during the Pleistocene period.
M: The Ice Age? There weren't any societies then, just a bunch of cave people.
W: That's what people used to think. But a new exhibition at the American Museum of National History shows that Ice Age people were surprisingly advanced.
M: Oh, really? In what ways?
W: Well, Ice Age people were the inventors of languages, art and music as we know it. And they didn't live in caves. They built their own shelters.
M: What did they use to build them? The cold weather would have killed almost all the trees, so they couldn't have used wood.
W: In some warmer climates, they did build houses of wood. In other places, they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters.
M: How did they stay warm? Animal skin walls don't sound very sturdy.
W: Well, it says here, that in the early Ice Age, they often faced their homes towards the south to take advantage of the sun, a primitive sort of solar heating.
M: Hey, that's pretty smart!
W: Then people in the late Ice Age even insulated their homes by putting heated cobble stones on the floor.
M: I guess I spoke too soon. Can I read that magazine article after you're done? I think I'm going to try to impress my anthropology teacher with my amazing knowledge of Ice Age civilization.
W: Ha! What a show-oft!

[解析] 男士提到他觉得Ice Age(冰河世纪)没有社会，那时的人们只是a bunch of cave people(一群穴居人)，由此可知男士认为冰河世纪的人lived in caves。

9. How did people in the early Ice Age keep warm?

A.By living in large groups.
B.By using sand as insulation.
C.By keeping fires burning constantly.
D.By facing their homes towards the south.

A B C D

[解析] 女士提到冰河世纪早期的人类经常会在建房时faced their homes towards the south to take advantage of the sun(使房子坐北朝南，那样就可以利用阳光来取暖了)，故答案为D。

10. What does the man want the woman to do?

A.Meet his anthropology teacher.
B.Lend him her magazine when she finishes it.
C.Come over to his house after class.
D.Help him study for an anthropology test.

A B C D

[解析] 由男士话中的Can I read that magazine article after you're done?可推断出他想让女士在看完杂志后lend him her magazine(把杂志借给他)。

SECTION B PASSAGES
In this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

语音下载

1. What is the reason for teens to do the same as their peers?

A.They do not have much of their own ideas.
B.They want to be accepted by their peers.
C.They think their peers do the right things.
D.They like to do the same thing with their peers.

A B C D

[听力原文]
For teenagers, it can seem very important to "fit in". Teens are very concerned about their images, and they are worried about what others think about them. As a result, peer pressure is very influential in many teens' lives. Peer pressure is basically the influence that people of your age have on you. This pressure may be fairly straightforward, with some teens pressuring others to take part in certain activities. In some cases, though, peer pressure is a little more subtle, with clues given to teens that they won't be "cool" if they don't participate, even without the deliberate pressure to do what everyone else is doing. For teenagers, it is the influence that other teens have on their behavior, dress, attitude and practices. Often, teenagers do what others are doing so that they can fit in — or at least not Standout. Teens like to do what their friends are doing, and be accepted. This peer pressure, though, can lead to undesirable behaviors, which may not be healthy, physically or emotionally, for the teenagers. While some teens choose some behaviors when they are ready, many feel rushed into decisions that they are not quite ready to make. Many end up overwhelmed by the consequences of their efforts to fit in with their peer group. There is always going to be a certain amount of bowing to peer pressure. Teens naturally want to project the "right" image. However, parents can reduce the influence that peer pressure has on their teenagers. It is vitally important that parents help their teenagers develop the self confidence to withstand peer pressure, and make their own decisions.

[解析] 细节题。文中提到，青少年总是与其他人做一样的事情，这样他们就能融入到其他人中(so that they can fit in)，被他人接受(and be accepted)，由此可知答案为B。

2. Why do many teenagers end up in failure when they try to fit in with their peer group?

A.Because they tend to overestimate their ability.
B.Because they can not catch up with their peer group.
C.Because they feel hard to get accustomed with others.
D.Because they are too rush to make a rational decision.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。文中提到，很多青少年并没有准备好就匆忙地做出决定(feel rushed into decisions that they are not quite ready to make)，导致最终overwhelmed by the consequences of their efforts，由此可知很多青少年在试图融入同龄人的圈子时以失败告终，是因为他们过于匆忙做出决定，故答案为D。

3. What should parents do to reduce the influence of peer pressure on their kids?

A.Ask them to be away from their peer groups.
B.Encourage them to refuse to join their peer groups.
C.Help them develop confidence in themselves.
D.Tell them how to tell right from wrong.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。短文最后提到，父母帮助孩子培养地自信能使之承受来自同龄人的压力(parents help their teenagers develop the self confidence to withstand peer pressure)，并能独立做出决定，这是至关重要的，故答案为C。

Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

语音下载

4. What is the most creative part of Robert Frank's photography book The Americans?

A.It demonstrates the reality honestly.
B.It is organized backward in time.
C.It uses special technique to show ideas.
D.It mainly focuses on the beauty of America.

A B C D

[听力原文]
In 1958, the Swiss-born photographer Robert Frank published a book of eighty three photographs called The Americans. This book is widely considered one of the most important books of photographs published since World War II. The Americans shows the country and its people in a boldly honest way. Robert Frank showed the effects of racism, social inequality and poverty. But he also showed a beautiful side of America's people and places. The book was revolutionary for the inventive style of taking photographs that show directness and emotional honesty. The Americans was also different from other photography books because Frank organized the images according to similar emotions, forms or subjects.
In a recent exhibition, The Americans is divided into four parts. Each part shows a different side of American culture. Each begins with a photograph that includes an American flag. In one photograph called "Charleston, South Carolina", an African-American woman holds a white baby. Frank shows the woman's dark skin next to the baby's light skin. You can see the wisdom and experience in her face, which is very different from the baby's wondering expression. Here Frank plays with contrasts, or opposing elements, as he does in many photographs. The National Gallery curator Sarah Greenough organized this show. Here she talks about a different section of the exhibit: "Frank shifts his focus slightly from the American people to the physical character of the spaces they have constructed for themselves. In his photographs of gas Stations, diners and cemeteries, he found a beauty so simple but commonplace that was often overlooked, so unspeakably true but deep that it was rarely acknowledged."

[解析] 细节题。文中提到，《美国人》这本相册极具创新性，表现直率，忠实体现情感(inventive style of taking photographs that show directness and emotional honesty)，由此可见《美国人》这本相册的不同之处在于它真实地反映了美国的现实，故答案为A。

5. How was Robert Frank's photography book arranged in the recent exhibition?

A.According to the time order the photos were taken.
B.According to the subject the photos reflect.
C.According to the cultural angle the photos show.
D.According to the technique the photos were taken with.

A B C D

[解析] 推断题。文中提到，在最近一次展览上，《美国人》这本相册被分成了四个部分，每部分都体现了美国文化的不同方面，由此可知，最近一次展览上，《美国人》中的照片是从文化角度布置安排的，故答案为C。

6. What does the speaker say about the photographer?

A.Frank shows common scenes in a vivid and deep way.
B.Frank overlooks some commonplaces in the book.
C.Frank focuses a little more on the people than the space.
D.Frank is good at constructing the spaces for people.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。短文结尾处提到，从Frank对加油站、餐车及墓地的拍摄中可以发现一种简单普通但却容易被忽略的美，他的作品有一种难以言说的真实感(so unspeakably true but deep that it was rarely acknowledged)，A是此评价的同义转述，故为答案。

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

语音下载

7. What is Australia suffering from at present according to the passage?

A.Baby boom.
B.Woman oversupply.
C.Aging population.
D.Population shortage.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Australia is now in the grip of a "man drought" where women increasingly outnumber men and a good bachelor is hard to find, according to a new research. From its founding as a British penal colony more than 200 years ago, Australia has traditionally suffered from a gender imbalance where men were more likely to be more numerous than the fairer sex. But what was once an oversupply began to move in the other direction in the 1990s, and single women in their thirties are beginning to wonder where all the men have gone. Salt, who drew on official statistics and the research, said men were increasingly being drawn overseas as part of the internationalization of the labor market. "Our youngest, our brightest, our most ambitions, the slightly more male occupations are being attracted out of Australia," he said. "It upsets the gender balance." But it's not all bad news for Australian women. Salt's research found the "man drought" did not exist for women in their 20s who could be mistaken for thinking there were too maw men, as they had more than enough candidates for their affections, "The man drought kicks in at 34 and then it just gets worse and worse every year thereafter to the point that by the time women hit the 80s." Salt said the solution for older women was to move Out Of the cities where the problem of the man drought remained and into the remote, rural farming and mining communities where men were still in plentiful supply, even outnumbering women by more than 20 to one.

[解析] 推断题。短文第一句就说澳大利亚目前正在闹“男人荒”，女性的数量越来越多，超过男性(where women increasingly outnumber men)，很难找到一个优秀的单身男士，由此可知澳大利亚目前正面临男女比例失调、女性过多的问题，故答案为B。

8. What's the reason for the current population problem in Australia, according to Salt?

A.National policy.
B.Historic reasons.
C.Social development.
D.Overseas attraction.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。短文中提到，Salt研究了官方数据，认为随着劳动力市场的国际化，男性越来越多地被吸引到海外去工作(men were increasingly being drawn overseas...)，由此可知Salt认为产生澳大利亚人口问题的原因是海外市场的吸引，故答案为D。

9. What else can we learn about the current population problem in Australia from the passage?

A.It does not trouble women in their 20s.
B.It'll not end until people hit their 80s.
C.It begins when Australians are 34 years old.
D.It'll become worse and worse as men get older.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。短文中明确提到。Salt的研究发现“男人荒”在二十多岁的女性中间不存在(the "man drought" did not exist for women in their 20s)，这一问题在女士34岁时才会出现，而且越来越糟，直到80岁，由此可知答案为A。

10. According to Salt, what may be the solution to the problem for older women?

A.Depend as much as possible on their offspring.
B.Save a large amount of money for later expenses.
C.Ask the government for essential assistance.
D.Move their houses from cities to rural farming areas.

A B C D

[解析] 细节题。短文最后Salt建议年纪稍大一点的女性从城市搬到偏远的农区或矿区(to move out of the cities...into the remote, rural farming and mining communities)，那里有很多男士，男女比例甚至超过20:1，由此可知答案为D。

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

1. Where should the food aid be delivered to?

A.Somalia.
B.The United Nations.
C.Corrupt contractors.
D.Islamist workers.

A B C D

[听力原文]
A United Nations report says tip to half the food aid to Somalia is routinely diverted to corrupt contractors, Islamist militants and local UN workers.
It blames the problem on the distribution system run by the UN's World Food Program, or WFP. The report notes that agency contracts for food transport are awarded to a few powerful individuals who operate cartels that sell the food illegally. Truck drivers and militants controlling different areas also get paid off. The report's criticism of WFP is unusually strong, it even recommends an independent investigation into the agency's Somali operation.

[解析] 本题问的是“用于支援的食物应该运往何处”。新闻开头就提到...the food aid to Somalia...由此可见，A与原文相符。

2. Who is to blame for the problem?

A.The transporters.
B.The distribution system.
C.The agency contracts.
D.Few powerful individuals.

A B C D

[解析] blame为解题的关键。由新闻中提到的It blames the problem on the distribution system...可知，B为本题答案。其他项都是原文提到的内容，但与本题无关。

3. What does the report recommend?

A.Selling the food.
B.Government controlling.
C.A penalty.
D.An independent investigation.

A B C D

[解析] 本题关键词为recommend。由新闻结尾提到的it even recommends an independent investigation...即可确定D为本题答案。

Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

4. President Obama plan to

A.make a big cut in nuclear arms.
B.review America's nuclear arms.
C.restrict nuclear proliferation.
D.meet the Defense Secretary.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Officials in Washington say President Barack Obama is planning dramatic reductions in America's nuclear arms as part of a sweeping review aimed at reversing the spread of nuclear weapons. Mr. Obama is meeting his Defense Secretary Robert Gates shortly to discuss the new strategy which he outlined in Prague 11 months ago.
The review will be read closely to see what it might say about the potential circumstances in which nuclear weapons would be used, the role, if any, of tactical nuclear weapons and so on. Getting this document right matters.

[解析] 新闻开头提到，奥巴马总统is planning dramatic reductions in America's nuclear arms...，即大幅削减核军备数量。由此可见，A正确。该项中的make a big cut对应原文的dramatic reductions。

5. Which of the following will be involved in the review?

A.The conditions in which nuclear weapons could be applied.
B.The role that nuclear weapons may play in wars.
C.The way to get the document right.
D.The content about the matters.

A B C D

[解析] 与review相关的细节为本题的听音重点。新闻中提到The review will be read closely to see what it might say about the potential circumstances in which nuclear weapons would be used...由此可见，“在什么样的情况下才使用核武器”为审查的内容之一，故A正确。根据原文，“核武器在战术上的作用”也在审查之列，但并不是B所说的“核武器在战争中的作用”；C、D是利用新闻尾句设置的无关干扰。

Questions 26 and 27 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

6. How many people were held in the Guantanamo Bay detention center?

A.47.
B.196.
C.35.
D.100.

A B C D

[听力原文]
Justice Department officials working on how to close the Guantanamo Bay detention center have recommended that 47 of those held there should stay in prison indefinitely without trial.
196 people suspected of terrorism or war crimes remain in the camps. The task forces concluded that 35 of them should be prosecuted; more than 100 should eventually be released; 47 are too dangerous to release, but cannot be tried because the evidence against them is insufficient or was extracted from them by force, so it wouldn't hold up in court. These people would have to be held indefinitely without trial.

[解析] 本题考查数字信息，选项中的数字都可能在原文中提及，需要仔细区分。由原文提到的196 people suspected of terrorism or war crimes remain in the camps可知，被关在监狱的人数为196，这里的camps就是前文提到的the Guantanamo Bay detention center。故B正确。

7. Some of the suspects would remain in jail without trial because

A.they will be prosecuted later.
B.they are too dangerous to be set free.
C.there's no evidence against them.
D.there's a lack of convincing evidence.

A B C D

[解析] 本题问一些嫌犯将被关在监狱中不予审判的原因。原文提到，有47个嫌犯太过危险，不能释放，但是由于证据不足(insufficient)或是通过强迫手段得来的(was extracted...by force)，不能提交法庭，也就不能进行审判。由此，D是对本题原因的正确表述。

Questions 28 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.

语音下载

8. Najibullah Zazi was arrested because

A.he immigrated to the United States illegally.
B.he used weapons of mass destruction against an Afghan immigrant.
C.he admitted guilty.
D.he attempted to attack New York City.

A B C D

[听力原文]
An Afghan immigrant to the United States has admitted plotting to use weapons of mass destruction against New York City. Najibullah Zazi was arrested last September in the state of Colorado.
Najibullah Zazi once worked at Denver airport driving a shuttle bus. Today the 25-year-old Afghan immigrant pleaded guilty to three counts, including attempting to use a weapon of mass destruction. He told the judge he'd planned to sacrifice himself in a martyrdom operation, the target — New York City's subway system. Zazi told the judge he had received weapons training from al-Qaeda. Zazi said he had agreed to carry out the attack as a protest against American military action in his native Afghanistan.

[解析] 浏览本题选项可知，本题答案可能是B、D中的一个。新闻开头提到，一名阿富汗移民承认图谋对纽约市使用大规模破坏性武器；接着又说Najibullah Zazi被捕。由此可见，Najibullah Zazi即为前面提到的阿富汗移民，故他被捕的原因为D“企图袭击纽约市”。

9. Which of the following is TRUE about Zazi?

A.He used to be a bus driver.
B.He blew up the Denver airport.
C.He was taken to court last September.
D.He pleaded guilty to three charges.

A B C D

[解析] 解答本题可用排除法。新闻中谈到：Zazi曾在丹佛机场工作，驾驶机场内的班车……他袭击的目标是纽约市的地铁系统，据此可排除A、B。而C中的last September是他被抓的时间，不是他被告上法庭的时间。故本题选D，新闻中明确提到Zazi对三项指控伏首认罪(pleaded guilty to three counts)。

10. Why did Zazi carry out the attack?

A.He had received weapons training.
B.He was threatened by al Qaeda to do so.
C.He took it as a protest against American military action.
D.He wanted to defend his motherland.

A B C D

[解析] 新闻末尾提到，Zazi said he had agreed to carry out the attack as a protest against American military action in his native Afghanistan. 由此可见C是Zazi计划实施袭击的原因。

PART Ⅲ CLOZE
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and 1 millions of dollars each year to sports. Most universities earn millions 2 as well, in television revenues and sponsorships. They also benefit 3 from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big name universities 4 each other in the most popular sports. Football games at the university of Michigan regularly 5 crowds of over 90,000. Basketball's national collegiate championship game is a TV 6 on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, 7 perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can 8 one's TV set and see the top athletic programs — from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford 9 in front of packed houses and national TV audiences.
The athletes themselves are 10 and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify 11 teenagers and then go into high schools to 12 the country's best players to attend their universities. There are strict roles about 13 coaches can recruit — no recruiting calls after 9 pm., only one official visit to a campus — but they are often bent and sometimes 14 . Top college football programs 15 scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student athletes, when they arrive 16 campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, and stipends.
In return, the players 17 the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges 18 two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it's back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid August, when camp. 19 and preparation for the opening of the September to December season begins 20 . During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

A.attribute
B.distribute
C.devote
D.attach

A B C D

[解析] devote (to)意为“奉献，把……投入到”，符合语义，故C正确。其他选项均可与to连用，但意思不符。A．attribute (to)“归因于”；B．distribute(分配)；D．attach (to)意为“把……放在；依附”。

A.out
B.by
C.in
D.back

A B C D

[解析] 此处需一个副词与句中的动词earn连用，earn back意为“挣回”，文中上一句提到美国的大学每年花费数百万美元，下一句提到电视转播费、赞助费等均属于收入，因此是挣回的钱，故D正确。B．by与动词earn连用，意为“通过某种方式挣钱”。A、C均不能与动词earn搭配。

A.directly
B.indirectly
C.apart
D.indirect

A B C D

[解析] 根据句中的the added publicity可知这并非直接的经济收益而是间接的收益，故B．indirectly(间接地)符合题意。A．directly与题意相反；C．apart不符合句意和结构；D．indirect不符合语法。

A.compete for
B.compete in
C.compete against
D.compete over

A B C D

[解析] 所填谓语需与句中宾语each other搭配，C．compete against后可跟人作其宾语，表示“与某人竞争”，符合题意。A．compete for后跟sth；B．compete in常构成compete in a race；D．compete over也跟sth。

A.draw
B.amuse
C.govern
D.handle

A B C D

[解析] 此处需要一个动词与crowds连用，故A．draw(吸引)正确。B．amuse意为“消磨时光(常指无目标的，轻松愉快的)”；C．govern(管理)；D．handle(应付)。

A.spectator
B.spectacle
C.spectrum
D.spectacles

A B C D

[解析] 文中提及全美大学生篮球锦标赛是电视节目中极精彩的比赛，因此选项B．spectacle(壮观场面)符合题意。A．spectator(观众)；C．spectrum(光谱，波长)；D．spectacles(眼镜)均不符合句意。

A.save
B.saving
C.saved
D.to save

A B C D

[解析] save用作动词时意为“救援，拯救”等意，用作介词时意为“除了”，此处的save一词作介词，与文中的the Super Bowl连用，意为“除了全美橄榄球超级杯赛”，故A．save正确。

A.flip on
B.flap at
C.fling away
D.flush out

A B C D

[解析] 所填词需与one's TV set连用，flip on意为“轻击，轻弹”，根据上下文提示，美国大学间有许多精彩的比赛，打开电视才能欣赏，故答案为A。B．flap at(拍打)；C．fling away(扔掉，错过)；D．flush out(冲洗(掉))。

A.battle
B.to battle
C.battling
D.battled

A B C D

[解析] see sb doing sth意为“看到某人做某事”，故C．battling符合题意。

10.

A.recruited
B.reconciled
C.rectified
D.reserved

A B C D

[解析] 根据原文意思，运动员应是被招募的，因此A．recruited符合题意。B．reconciled与介词with连用，意为“与……一致”，与介词to连用，意为(使接受)；C．rectified(改正)，D．reserved(保留)均不符合语义。

11.

A.promising
B.pleasing
C.prominent
D.professional

A B C D

[解析] 根据前一句：运动员都是被招进大学的，并享受奖学金，大学教练确认的应是有培养前途的高中生，故A．promising(有前途的)符合题意。B．pleasing(令人愉快的)、C．prominent(著名的)、D．professional(职业的)均不符合题意。

12.

A.contrive
B.convince
C.convert
D.convict

A B C D

[解析] 根据句意：教练们发现有发展前途的高中生后，就会到其所在学校去说服这些全国最优秀的运动员。故B．convince正确。convince sb to do sth意为“说服某人做某事”。A．contrive意为“图谋，设法”；C．convert意为“使改变(形式、形状等)”，常与介词into，to和for等连用；D．convict意为“判某人有罪”。

13.

A.which
B.what
C.how
D.whether

A B C D

[解析] 此处需一个表示方式的特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，故C．how正确。

14.

A.ignored
B.neglected
C.remembered
D.noticed

A B C D

[解析] 根据原句意思：虽然招收学生有严格的规定，但这些规定常常不能严格执行(bent)，有时还会被完全置于脑后，故A．ignored(置之不理，不予考虑)正确，该动词含“有意这么做”的意思，符合上下文。B．neglected有一定干扰性，但该词侧重于因粗心或遗忘而没有做某事。C、D不符合语义，均可排除。

15.

A.offer
B.afford
C.award
D.reward

A B C D

[解析] 上文提到，有前途的运动员被招进大学时都享受奖学金；与之相呼应，这里要说的是Top college football programs为运动员提供奖学金，故本题应选A“提供”。B．afford((能)负担得起)；C．award(颁奖章)；D．reward(报酬)均不符合句意。

16.

A.in
B.on
C.at
D.around

A B C D

[解析] 此处需要一个介词与动词arrive连用，其宾语为campus，因此介词on符合语法，故B正确。A．in和C．at均有到达某地之意，但不能与campus连用；D．around(到处，四周)，与题意不符。

17.

A.commit themselves to
B.commit themselves on
C.commute themselves to
D.comply themselves to

A B C D

[解析] 根据上下文意思：作为(对奖学金)回报，学生运动员则要按约定投身到他们擅长的运动项目中，故A．commit themselves to(致力于；使自己承担)正确。B．commit themselves on sth意为(表达意见)；C．commute themselves to搭配不当，应为commute for sth(交换)；D．comply themselves to搭配不当，常用搭配为comply with(遵守)。

18.

A.work in
B.work out
C.work over
D.work off

A B C D

[解析] 根据句意：学生运动员每天训练2个小时，因此B．work out“锻炼，训练”正确。A．work in(把……计算在内)；C．work over(把……狠揍一顿)；D．work of(把……清除掉)均不符合句意。

19.

A.recalls
B.enlists
C.convenes
D.collects

A B C D

[解析] 根据句意：八月中旬，橄榄球训练营正式开营，即把队员召集到一起，故C．convenes(召集)符合题意，convene=call to meet/gather。A．recalls(想起)；B．enlists(从军，赞助，登记)；D．collects(收集，征集)均不符合句意。

20.

A.in principle
B.in confidence
C.in name
D.in earnest

A B C D

[解析] 根据题意：训练营的集训以及为9至12月赛季的开幕所做的准备工作应该是很严肃、正式的，故D．in earnest(正式地)符合题意。A．in principle(原则上)；B．in confidence(私下)；C．in name(名义上)均不符合句意。

PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
There are thirty sentences in the section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______ the atmosphere.

A.at it is
B.the same is
C.so is
D.and so is

A B C D

[解析] so作“也”讲的时候其句型为“so+助动词+代词或名词”，此时常与从句(just) as...连用，意为“正如……一样，……也……”。原句补充完整为Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere a part of the earth。

2. ______ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.

A.Had it not been
B.Were it not
C.Be it not
D.Should it not be

A B C D

[解析] 根据句意可知条件从句是过去的虚拟，故应该用过去完成时，A．Had it not been符合句意。其余三项均表示现在的虚拟。要注意的是，这个句子主从句中的时态是错综的，主句用的是现在虚拟。

3. Air is to men ______ water is to fish.

A.what
B.when
C.that
D.which

A B C D

[解析] A is to B what C is to D为固定句型，其中what为前后句之间固定用词，意为“就像……一样，犹如”。

4. It occurred to me ______ if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.

A.that
B./
C.as
D.which

A B C D

[解析] It occurred to me that...为固定句型，意为“突然想到”。It是形式主语，that从句是句子的真正主语。

5. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly ______.

A.noticed
B.to be noticed
C.being noticed
D.to notice

A B C D

[解析] 本句考查不定式结构so...as to的否定式so...as not to，只不过这里用hardly代替了原来的not。知道空白处是不定式后，很容易排除A、C。从句子的结构来看，notice和逻辑主语the differences之间存在着被动的关系，因此，B．to be noticed正确。

6. This is the hour ______ Thailand is always full of political violence.

A.that
B.when
C.where
D.how

A B C D

[解析] 在本题中，先行词是the hour，定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以要选择关系副词B．when。

7. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

A.Radio, television and press are the most three common means of conveying news.
B.The doctors have tried everything humanly possible to save his life.
C.This is the best means available.
D.I was brave enough to carry the boy to safety.

A B C D

[解析] 考查语序。A中双音节形容词common的最高级形式为the most common，并且不能分开。如果有几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，排列顺序大致为冠词、序数词、基数词、性质形容词、颜色形容词、材料形容词，所以本句中数词three应放在形容词most common前，the应放在数词three前。B中possible，C中available，以及D中的enough位置都正确。

8. ______ harder, he would have got through the exams.

A.Had he worked
B.He had worked
C.Should he work
D.He worked

A B C D

[解析] 由主句would have got可知是表示过去的虚拟，从句应该用过去完成时，排除C、D；if引导的虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，然后将had等助动词提前至句首，采用倒装形式，故A正确。

9. That is the reason ______ I am not in favor of revising the plan.

A.that
B.why
C.because
D.who

A B C D

[解析] 考查定语从句。先行词为reason，定语从句由关系副词why引导。

10. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ______ in traditional media.

A.exist
B.exists
C.existing
D.to exist

A B C D

[解析] 考查比较状语从句。此处than是引导定语从句的特殊关系代词，相当于that (what)...在从句中充当主语。than既然引导从句，那么可排除非谓语动词C、D；本句中的两个被比较项是restrictions，因此答案为A。

11. People have proved ______ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun.

A.that
B.it
C.this
D./

A B C D

[解析] 考查“的用法。it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。

12. ______ I am afraid of is their taking him to such a dangerous place.

A.That
B.Whether
C.Which
D.What

A B C D

[解析] 凡是what引导的从句中，what本身一定要充当从句中的成分，或宾语(含介词宾语)或主语。在本题中，what充当介词of的宾语，引导主语从句。

13. Observations were made ______ the children at the beginning and at the end of pre school and first grade.

A.towards
B.of
C.on
D.with

A B C D

[解析] 考查介词用法。本句的正确语序为Observations the children were made at...，故B符合句意。observe on作“评论，评说”讲，不能把它当成“对……进行观察”；也不能说make observations on sb。

14. Chrisitie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ______ out of the office.

A.went
B.gone
C.to go
D.would go

A B C D

[解析] 考查不定式表将来的用法。走出办公室是在转身后将要发生的动作，as though (as if)(似乎好像)后面可接动词不定式，所以本题只能选C。另外，as though (as if)后也可引导从句，但这个从句一般要用虚拟语气。

15. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ______ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.

A.to
B.with
C.for
D.on

A B C D

[解析] be entitled to sth相当于be given the right to get sth(有权利获得……)，本题的正确选项只能是A。

16. No matter a business or a country, if it is not properly managed, it is sure to go to the ______ one day.

A.dogs
B.down
C.cats
D.far

A B C D

[解析] go to the dogs为习惯表达，意为“垮台，完蛋，衰败”。

17. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.

A.renders
B.reckons
C.regards
D.relates

A B C D

[解析] 所给四个选项的意思分别是：A．renders(致使(处于某种状况))；B．reckons(推测)；C．regards(认为)；D．relates(联系)。其中A．render后面能用“it+形容词+动词不定式”的形式，而且也符合本句的句意，所以A正确。

18. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great ______.

A.explosion
B.sensation
C.exaggeration
D.stimulation

A B C D

[解析] 句子的前后两部分由so that连接，说明前半部分的事实导致了后半部分的结果。用排除法做，首先可以排除C．exaggeration(夸张)，因为前半句已经用了overstate“过度渲染”，这两词意思相同，在后半句没必要重复；另外过分渲染所带来的后果也不可能是A．explosion(爆炸性)，除非是前所未闻。B．sensation和D．stimulation意思相近，都表示给人带来刺激。但D．stimulation通常泛指任何可带来刺激或兴奋作用的事，而B．sensation特指由一个人物或一条新闻所导致的轰动效应，故此题答案为B。

19. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ______ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.

A.comment
B.reaction
C.impression
D.comprehension

A B C D

[解析] 在判断这道题时，很明显的线索是介词to。在这四个选项中，只有B．reaction可以与介词to搭配，意为“对……做出反应”，其他三个都不行，所以可以立即排除。A．comment与on搭配意为“对……的评论”；C．impression与of搭配，意为“对…的印象”；D．comprehension与of搭配，意为“对……的理解”。

20. People ______ that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.

A.convinced
B.anticipated
C.resolved
D.assured

A B C D

[解析] 本题考查对各个选项中动词含义及用法的掌握。A．convinced意为“使……想信，使……明白”，多用于短语convince sb of sth/that...；B．anticipated意为“盼望，期望，预期”，anticipate可接名词或宾语从句，与expect意思相近；C．resolved(决定，决心)用于短语resolve to do sth或resolve on/upon (doing) sth或接宾语从句；D．assured(使相信；使确信；保险)。由此可见，B符合本题要求，为本题答案。

21. It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a ______ way when in a furious state.

A.stable
B.rational
C.legal
D.credible

A B C D

[解析] 解答本题的关键在于对选项中四个形容词词义及具体用法的理解，所填词需与in a furious state照应。按照常理，愤怒常导致不理智行为，因此答案为B．rational(明达的，合理的)；A．stable(坚固的，稳定的，安定的)；C．legal(合法的)；D．credible(可信的，可靠的)均不符合要求。

22. All secrets may eventually come to ______.

A.light
B.tunnel
C.power
D.terms

A B C D

[解析] 习惯表达题。come to light为习惯表达，意为“显露，暴露出来，为众人所知”。

23. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ______ with each other.

A.reconciled
B.negotiated
C.associated
D.accommodated

A B C D

[解析] 所填词与with形成搭配，A．reconciled意为“和好，和解”，be reconciled with sb表示“和某人和好”，符合句意和结构要求，所以A为答案。B．negotiated意为“谈判，商量”，negotiate with sb与某人商议，如果表示两个人商议，不应用被动语态；C．associated意为“联合，结交”，associate with sb(和某人结交)；D．accommodated意为“提供，供给住宿”，accommodate sb with sth(供给某人某物)。这三项虽然也可以和介词with连用，但在语义和语态上不符合题意。

24. As I had other ______ to fry yesterday, I was forced to decline David's invitation to a dinner.

A.fish
B.thing
C.egg
D.bread

A B C D

[解析] have other fish to fry为习惯表达，意为“另有更重要的事要干”。

25. In this factory the machines are not regulated ______ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.

A.independently
B.individually
C.irrespectively
D.irregularly

A B C D

[解析] 在空格的后面有一个转折连词，这表明我们要填入一个与后面的副词jointly意义相对的副词，四个选择项中，B．individually与jointly的意义相对，所以，本题的答案为B。A．independently是“独立地”的意思，而jointly是“多个个体联合”，它们并不是一对相对词，所以A不是答案；C．irrespectively(无关地)，D．irregularly(不规则地)均不符合句意。

26. Poverty is not ______ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.

A.rare
B.temporary
C.prevalent
D.segmental

A B C D

[解析] 所填词应该与visible语义相近，C．prevalent(普遍的、流行的)符合句意，故为答案。A．rare(稀少)；B．temporary(暂时的)；D．segmental(部分的)均不符合句意，故排除。

27. The American society is ______ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.

A.established on
B.affiliated to
C.originated from
D.incorporated with

A B C D

[解析] 所给四个短语的意思分别是：A．established on意为“建立在……基础上”，B．affiliated to意为“附属于，从属于”，C．originated from意为“发源于”，D．incorporated with意为“结合，合并”。本句中的shaky foundation of natural resources决定了本题选A，on the foundation of...意为“在……的基础上”。

28. His efforts to bring about reconciliation between the two parties ______.

A.came off
B.came on
C.came round
D.came down

A B C D

[解析] 所给四个短语的意思分别是：A．came off(指计划，企图(成功))，B．came on(跟随，进步，开始，来到等)，C．came round(走弯路；再现；改变观念、见解等；恢复知觉)，D．came down(塌陷，崩溃，跌落)。由此可见，只有A符合句意。

29. Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to ______ myself of every chance to improve my English.

A.assure
B.inform
C.avail
D.notify

A B C D

[解析] 惯用搭配题。C．avail构成词组avail oneself of(利用)，符合句意，答案为C。A．assure(保证)；B．inform(告知)；D．notify(正式通知)均不符合句意，故排除。

30. Some of the most important concepts in physics ______ their success to these mathematical systems.

A.oblige
B.owe
C.contribute
D.attribute

A B C D

[解析] 惯用搭配题。B．owe用于owe sth to sth结构，作“把……归功于”解，符合句意。A．oblige用于oblige sb to do sth结构，意为“强迫某人做某事”；C．contribute用于contribute to，意为“捐献；起一份作用”；D．attribute亦可用于attribute to结构，意为“认为……属于；把……归因于”，但其主语通常为人。

PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

TEXT A
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Piaget in his hypothesis stated that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six year old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as haughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey's research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor's action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann's pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won't fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann fell bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six year old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.

1. Piaget and Keasey wouldn't agree on

A.the excuses children give for harmful acts committed against themselves.
B.the age at which children can distinguish between accidental and intentional harm.
C.the reason why young children can't make distinctions involvimg harm.
D.the idea that children occupy two stages of moral development.

A B C D

[解析] 首段观点处设题，考查皮亚杰与凯西两人存在分歧的方面。
本文提到Piaget认为7岁的孩子尚不能区分有意和无意伤害，而Keasey则认为6岁的孩子就可以区分了，由此可以判断两人在对儿童能够识别有意和无意伤害的初始年龄上有分歧。

2. Why do five year olds react differently to :Bonnie wrecks Ann's pretend house"?

A.Because they occupy the stage of moral autonomy.
B.Because they can distinguish between harmful and harmless acts.
C.Because they are capable of justify an aggressor's action.
D.Because they realize that some of the intentionals are excusable.

A B C D

[解析] 第二段举例处设题，推断五岁孩子对所举例证具有不同反应的原因。
文中第二段举了“伯尼毁坏了安的房子”这个例子，并说根据毁坏者的不同动机，五岁的孩子对该句话的反应完全不同。接着又总结说：因此，五岁的孩子开始理解到，有些伤害行为即使是故意的，也可以原谅。综上，D为答案。

3. According to Darley, which of the following abilities can six year olds acquire after seven months of kindergarten?

A.Differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harm.
B.Identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful action.
C.Justifying harmful actions that result from provocation.
D.Evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the breaking of rules.

A B C D

[解析] 末段段尾处设题，考查达尔雷认为六岁孩子在幼儿园待七个月后所具备的能力是什么。
文章尾段提到刚进入幼儿园的六岁孩子could not differentiate between foreseeable...harm and unforeseeable harm，但几个月后他们发现孩子们具备了该种能力，故A正确。

4. What's the passage mainly about?

A.An outline for future research.
B.An analysis of a dispute between two theorists.
C.An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms.
D.A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry.

A B C D

[解析] 主旨大意题，考查考生对文章进行概括或总结的能力。
本文开篇指出研究内容是the age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations并讲述了Keasey的新发现，因此本文是对一个尚在研究的问题的一种讨论。A项“对未来的研究的一个大纲”不正确，因为这个研究正在进行；B项“两个理论家之间争端的分析”，文章主要介绍的是有关研究的两种不同理论，而不是对两者之间争端的分析；C项“对普遍误解术语的扩展定义”与题意相差甚远。

TEXT B
I can think of no better career for a young novelist than to for some years a sub editor on a rather conservative newspaper. The man who was of chief importance to me in those days was the chief sub editor, George Anderson. I hated him in my first week, but I grew almost to love him before three years had passed.
A small elderly Scotsman with a flushed face and laconic humor, he drove a new sub editor hard with his sarcasm. Sometimes I almost fancied myself back at school again, and I was always glad when five thirty came, for immediately the clock marked the hour when the pubs opened, he would take his bowler hat from the coat rack and disappear for thirty minutes to his favorite bar. His place would be taken by the gentle and courteous Colonel Maude. Maude was careful to see that the new recruit was given no story which could possibly stretch his powers, and if he had been chief sub editor I doubt if I would ever have got further than a news in brief paragraph.
At the stroke of six, when Anderson returned and hung up his bowler, his face would have turned a deeper shade of red, to match the rose he carried always in his button hole, and his shafts of criticism, as he scanned my copy with perhaps a too flagrant headline, would have acquired a tang of friendliness.
More than two years went by, and my novel The Man Within had been accepted by a publisher, before I discovered one slack evening, when there was hardly enough news to fill the Home pages for the ten o'clock edition, that a port manqu had dug those defenses of disappointed sarcasm. When a young man, Anderson had published a volume of translations from Verlaine, he had sent it to Swinburne at The Pines and he had been entertained there for tea and kind words by Watts Dunton, though I don't think he was allowed to see the poet. He never referred to the episode again, but I began to detect in him a harsh but paternal apprehension for another young man, flushed with pride in a first book, who might suffer the same disappointment. When I came to resign he spent a long time arguing with me, and I think his real reason for trying to prevent my departure was that he foresaw a time might come when novel writing would fail me and I would need, like himself, a quiet and secure life with the pubs opening at half past five and the coal settling in the grate.

1. How did George Anderson train his assistants?

A.He stands over them while they worked and make unpleasant remarks.
B.He goes out for a drink and let them solve their own problems.
C.He provokes them into disliking him.
D.He uses bitter humor to draw their attention to their mistakes.

A B C D

[解析] 第二段段首处设题，推断领导Anderson的工作方式。
根据文中A small elderly Scotsman with a flushed face and laconic humor, he drove a new sub-editor hard with his sarcasm可以判断，Anderson善用幽默批评指正助理人员。

2. The writer realized afterwards that

A.Colonel Maude would deliberately have prevented him from rising in his profession.
B.Colonel Maude was too cautious to give a young writer a chance to distinguish himself.
C.he could not have gone on working for the newspaper if Colonel Maude had not taken over from Anderson.
D.chief sub editors should be kind, like Colonel Maude.

A B C D

[解析] 第二段段尾处设题，考查作者对Maude的看法。
文章中Maude was careful...a news in brief paragraph一句，意思是Maude很仔细以至于新的成员没有写故事的机会，而这样会巩固他的权力。我也在怀疑如果他是主编，我是不是还有机会写一段简短的新闻。所以选项B与原文意思相符，“Maude太过谨慎而不给年轻的编者表现自己的机会。”

3. When Anderson returned from the pub he was usually

A.red in the face from heavy drinking.
B.more conscious of the writer's mistakes.
C.more good humored towards him.
D.a little careless in reading the writer's copy.

A B C D

[解析] 第三段段尾处设题，考查Anderson喝酒回来后对作者态度的转变。
从文中and his shafts of criticism...would have acquired a tang of friendless可见，他喝酒回来后对助理人员的态度要友好一些。

4. What's the reason for Anderson's sarcastic humor?

A.He envied the writer for having published a novel.
B.He had had a volume of poetry rejected by a publisher.
C.He had not been able to fulfill his early ambitions.
D.He was bored when there was not enough news to fill the paper.

A B C D

[解析] 末段转折处设题，推断Anderson讽刺性幽默的性格特征形成的原因。
根据but I began to detect in him a harsh but paternal apprehension...flushed with pride in a first book, who might suffer the same disappointment可以判断，他的讽刺性幽默来源于未能实现早期的抱负。

5. The writer thinks that Anderson tried to persuade him to stay on because

A.he was afraid that he would find creative writing an unrewarding career.
B.he was afraid of losing such a valuable employee.
C.he thought the writer was too pleased with himself.
D.he was disappointed by his resignation.

A B C D

[解析] 末段段尾处设题，考查Anderson试图劝说作者留下来的原因。
文章最后一句揭示了Anderson试图劝我留下来的原因：he foresaw a time might come when novel-writing would fail me，由此可见选项A与原文意思相符。

TEXT C
We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other, more surprising causes.
Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition. Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide. Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfide producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic "morning breath".
Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise — anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it's not understood why. Some people's breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath. Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don't necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus. If the mouthwash contains alcohol — as most do — it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.

1. Which of the following can be a substitute for the phrase "emanate from"?

A.Thrive on.
B.Account for.
C.Originate from.
D.Descend from.

A B C D

[解析] 生词处设题，要根据语境推断词组的含义。
第一段在陈述了offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth之后又指出还有其他一些更为奇怪的诱因，可判断emanate from与C“来源于”意思比较接近。descend from虽然也有“起源于”的意思，但是，它多指“从……下来；传下来；遗传”；B意为“解释……原因”，颠倒了原文的因果关系。

2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?

A.Toothache.
B.Sulfur rich food.
C.Mental strain.
D.Too much exercise.

A B C D

[解析] 因果关系处设题，考查引起口臭的原因。
文中第三段列举了几个引起offensive breath的原因，如hunger，alcohol等，随后又指出stress也会引起offensive breath，C正确。文中只是说运动期间breathing through the mouth(通过嘴巴呼吸)可能引起口臭，并不是说过量运动会导致口臭，D不正确。

3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because

A.its smell adds to bad breath.
B.it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing.
C.it kills some helpful bacteria.
D.it affects the normal flow of saliva.

A B C D

[解析] 末段段位处设题，考查酒精对口臭的影响。
文章结尾部分提到了漱口水中酒精的作用——intensify the problem by drying out the mouth，由此可知酒精会影响唾液的正常流动，使嘴巴变干，D正确。

4. Mouthwashes are not effective cure for bad breath mainly because

A.they can't cover the thick layers of mucus.
B.they can't get to all the offending bacteria.
C.they can't mask the bad odor long enough.
D.their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse.

A B C D

[解析] 尾段设题，考查漱口水对口臭的负面作用。
结尾段落，作者给出了漱口水在对付bad breath方面作用并不好的原因——they don't necessarily reach all offending germs(它们不能触及所有引起口臭的细菌)，B正确。

5. Which of the following is CORRECT about this passage?

A.Some offensive breath can't easily be cured.
B.Heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath.
C.Elderly people are less affected by bad breath.
D.Offensive breath is less affected by alcohol.

A B C D

[解析] 考查范围大，需要根据选项定位原文，逐一排除。
从文中第五段For most of us, the simple...bad breath is easily cured可推断，有些offensive breath可能比较难以治愈，选项A正确。老年人和爱喝酒的人都很容易有“口臭”，故B和C两项错误；酒精很容易引起口干，从而产生口臭，所以D也是错误的。

TEXT D
For years pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoes size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use?
The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.
Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 30 children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. "No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well," says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. "But it's worrisome."
Who's most at risk? Boys are more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow denser. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control — through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.
How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the source of the trouble, because hypertension is hard to be detected. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood pressure checks for every child over age 3.
About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the U.S. who are overweight has doubled, from 5% to 11%, or 4.7 million kids.
You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking you kids — the earlier the better — on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes/or carrot Sticks with salsa.) Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure: these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their PlayStation. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat light and exercise if you set a good example.

1. What can we know about hypertension from the first paragraph?

A.It never happened among children before.
B.It happens more to child than to adult.
C.It can be cured by taking medicine.
D.It may cause unexpected effects to take hypertension medicine for too long a time.

A B C D

[解析] 考查首段中有关高血压的事实细节。
第一段主要介绍了高血压在儿童中的一些情况。选项A说，儿童中从未发现过有患高血压的情况，显然与原文不符；B项说高血压更容易在儿童中发生，而第一段并无类似表述；C说高血压可以服药治愈，不是第一段表述的内容。只有D是对第一段最后一句的转述。

2. Why are boys more at risk, especially the overweight boys?

A.Boys like vigorous sports, so their heart bear more burden.
B.Boys don't like go to hospital to receive ultrasound treatment.
C.Their hearts are usually too big to pump blood very well.
D.Their hearts are over worked to support their bodies if they are overweight.

A B C D

[解析] 因果关系处设题，考查男孩，尤其是身体超重的男孩患高血压风险更高的原因。
文章第四段提到，身体超重的男孩子，他们的心脏要费很大力气使血液穿过那些多余的脂肪层，这就会导致心脏壁越来越厚。这与选项D所述内容相同，所以答案为D。心脏在过度使用后才会变得越来越大，以致不能正常供血，所以C选项是结果，而不是原因。

3. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the writer to control hypertension?

A.Drug treatments.
B.Weight loss.
C.Exercise.
D.Overwork.

A B C D

[解析] 特殊标点符号处设题，考查作者对控制高血压的建议。
有关文章中作者对控制高血压的建议，前三个选项都在第四段最后一句提到。只有D未在文中提及，故答案为D。

4. The second sentence in Para. 5 implies

A.hypertension is hard to detect.
B.children often refuse to have their blood pressure tested
C.you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a grocery.
D.in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined.

A B C D

[解析] 考查第五段第二句的隐含意义，要准确理解这句话的意思，需要联系上下文。
本句的意思是：这不是一件……的事。紧接着下一句说：你应该……。由此可以推断，下文是对题干所问句子的详细阐述。由下文所描述的检测高血压的复杂过程来看，作者要表达的意思是A“(儿童中的)高血压病很难被检测到”。

5. Which of the following can replace the word "unclog" in Para. 7?

A.fix.
B.clear.
C.hinder.
D.dismantle.

A B C D

[解析] 本题针对末段中的超纲词设题，考查根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。
原文说：健康食品不仅会降低孩子的血压，还会强化免疫系统，unclog他们的管道。首先从文章的语气可以判断，这是在说健康食物对孩子健康有好处。那么，这里的管道不论是指血管，还是指新陈代谢循环的管道，都不可能是在A“固定”、C“阻塞”的情况下更健康，更不可能是D“分解”。因此，只有B“疏通”，符合文章意思。

6. Which of the following is CORRECT about the passage?

A.Children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and stroke.
B.Parents' blood pressure decides their children's blood pressure.
C.Besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertension.
D.Vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart trouble.

A B C D

[解析] 此种类型的题目考查范围大，需要根据选项中心词定位原文，逐一排除。
根据文章的意思，儿童患高血压不易引起注意，而且患者越来越多，所以A错误；父母遗传只是儿童患高血压的一个因素，不是唯一因素，因此B错误；D与原文表述相反，剧烈运动有益于健康，而不是会导致心脏病。只有C项(高血压形成的原因是多样的)符合原文意思。

PART Ⅵ WRITING

SECTION A COMPOSITION

1. This is an age of cooperation, and today's leader is usually one sitting at a table with another six, sleeves rolled up, trying to solve a problem together.
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

The Importance of Cooperation

You are to write in three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your view is.
In the second part, support your view with appropriate details.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriateness. Failure to following the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

The Importance of Cooperation

Nowadays cooperation turns out to be the mainstream of our life. And people are becoming increasingly aware of the significance of cooperation. In my opinion, cooperation is of prime importance for individuals, companies and the whole society. There are several reasons to support my point of view.
To start with, by cooperating with others we can achieve things that can't be done single handedly. For example, when playing basketball, every player must attach great importance to team work, otherwise he would lose the game. Secondly, cooperation conduces to the establishment of harmonious atmosphere among fellow workers. Although competition has been listed as a prominent feature in the workplace, cooperation should always come first because companies that stress competition more than anything else often create bad interpersonal relationships and oppressing circumstances. Thirdly, cooperation can benefit the whole society because unity is strength, as the saying goes. A case in point is the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. Were it not for the cooperation of people, the World Cup would not be as successful as it was.
On the whole, cooperation is quite important in our life. If we pay more attention to it, we will achieve more and contribute more to the society.

[解析] 本题要求以“合作的重要性”为题，着重论述合作的重要意义，很明显属于给定观点型作文。行文时可以首先表明自己的立场，然后从三个方面进行论证，最后总结概括。
第一段：描述现象引出自己的论点：合作对于个人、企业和社会都很重要；
第二段：从这三方面阐述合作的重要性；
第三段：总结全文，提出建议。

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING

1. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50～60 words based on the following situation:
Your friend Mary has bought a new filling cabinet. You're interested in it. Write a note to Mary asking some information about the cabinet.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

April 21, 2014

Dear Mary,
I've learnt that you have bought a new filling cabinet. Since I'm very interested in it, could you be kind enough to tell me some details about it?
First, does it occupy a lot of space? Second, does it have a large capacity?
I would be grateful if you let me know the above information and I am expecting your quick reply.

Sincerely yours,
Alice

[解析] 本题要求写一张对朋友的新橱柜进行咨询的便条。写此类便条时应注意：询问的事项要讲明白、态度要真诚、便条末尾要对朋友表示感谢。
本文首先需点明事由，表示对朋友的新橱柜感兴趣，然后说明想要询问的问题，最后感谢对方并期盼回复。