第Ⅰ部分 选择题
一、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出。 Passage 1Force of the Multinationals
Direct investment by multinational companies is becoming a hugely important force in the world economy. In essence, a combination of factors, such as the development of global communications and a change in the political climate towards multinationals, is bringing in an era of true global manufacturing. A company such as Siemens may now start making a product in Germany then ship it to Malaysia for the labor-intensive final stages of manufacture. The strategy by Japanese companies of locating production in cheaper Far Eastern countries such as Thailand has done much to integrate the economies of the region. US companies were setting up production in Mexico, for similar reasons, before negotiations on the NAFTA had even started. There is an important distinction to be made between the kind of integration based on trade, which is relatively simple, and the far more complex links involved in global manufacturing. The report says that "as integration moves from shallow trade-based linkages to deep international production-based linkage under the common governance, the traditional division between integration at the corporate and country levels begins to break down."
Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assets from the developed world to the developing world. But the pattern is not entirely simple. Big shifts have occurred in the composition of foreign direct investment by sector. Increasing investment is going into services and high-tech manufacture, rather than basic manufacture and natural resources. As might be expected, foreign direct investment in the developed world is mostly in the former category，whereas in the developing world the emphasis is on the latter. It seems countries have to reach a basic level of sophistication before they can get in the act. Simple cash incentives to set up production in a country have little effect, other than on margin. In addition, the increasing sophistication of global production means that cheap labor is often not a deciding factor either. 四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文每小题1分，共10分。4. intellectual property right
7. the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
六、翻译题本大题12分。1. Commerce among nations entered a modern era; the constrained trading between imperial powers and their colonies began to break down. World markets opened to all countries, and multilateral trade flourished. Generally, a country could sell its goods in the best market it could find and buy what is needed from the least expensive supplier. Moreover, since currencies were convertible, most transactions could be completed with cash. Barter was as antiquated as the horse-soldier. During the past few years, however, the international monetary system has begun to strain under a variety of economic changes. One important cause is the enormous burden of debt carried by Third World countries. A professor at Harvard University says, "The plain fact is that many countries are broken."
国家间商贸进入了新的纪元；帝国主义列强及其殖民地间的强制性贸易开始崩溃。世界市场向所有国家开放，多边贸易开始繁荣。一般来说，一个国家可以在其能找到的最有利的市场上销售其货物，也能从最廉价的供应商那里购得它所相应的货物。而且，因为货币可以兑换，大部分交易可以用现金支付，易货贸易就像骑兵一样时过境迁了。然而，在过去的几年里，国家货币体系在种种经济变化影响下，开始承受着巨大的压力。一个重要的原因是第三世界国家的巨大债务负担。哈佛大学一位教授说：“显而易见，许多国家都已经破产了。”
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