1. Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[解析] The real problem with pollution is people —/the way people think about their environment and their relationship with it./We are all reluctant to accept the fact that our natural resources are fixed —/fixed, in fact, since the earth was created, /We want to go on using virgin materials./We are not educated on reusing resources,/or even placing a value on "waste" products./We are a crisis society./Currently, we are fearful of losing the use of our water and air to pollution./In one context, it is probably a good thing/that we are so concerned because now we will begin/to adjust our thinking on the values of natural resources./we once thought of water and air as free./They are not, not any more than the land is free./People have not wanted to be educated on the part/they must play in solving our environment problems. /
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION In sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Answer Sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this Section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
1. According to Mr. Bacon, people keep snakes because ______.
A.they like them as pets
B.they are curious of them
C.they use them to frighten other people
D.they keep them to do research
A B C D
A
[解析] 1-4 Woman: Mr. Bacon, what is your job exactly? Bacon: I'm a vet, looking after sheep, horses, dogs, cats. We even have lions and tigers at the zoo. Woman: What sort of pets do people bring to your clinic? Bacon: Mostly dogs and cats but then we have snakes and parrots and all other animals people keep as pets. Woman: Snakes? Why do you think people keep snakes? Bacon: I quite like snakes, but I wouldn't want one as a pet, urn... (1[A]) some people are very keen on them. Woman: Maybe they keep snakes to frighten others. All right, do you think people spend more money on their animals than their children? Bacon: It depends on the people. Some are very good with their animals, some treat them far better than they would their kids, and unfortunately some are cruel with the animals. Woman: (3[C]) What experience have you had of people who treat their animals too well? Bacon: Lots of animals come here with lipstick marks on the head. We regard that as a specific sort of condition here. Woman: Are animals good for people's health? Bacon: Well, (2[B]) they seem to help old people, These people see one person every two days, but their animal is with them all day, and it's a companion. Woman: Above all, why are you interested in your job? Bacon: Maybe the animals sometimes attack me and there is much paper work. (4[D]) The thing i like best is to deliver new animals. It always amazes me one moment you have one mother and the next moment you can have a pile of animals.
4. According to Mr. Bacon, the best part of his job is______.
A.the excitement of having some danger
B.the amount of paper work
C.to have many animals there
D.to help animals give birth to new ones
A B C D
D
细节题。对话最后谈到了Bacon先生对工作的喜爱:我最喜欢的事就是帮动物接生。虽然“动物可能有时会攻击我,而且还有很多日常工作。”与下句之间没有关联词,但是在意义上是转折关系,不能视为喜爱工作的理由。如果对deliver new animals词组的意思不明确,可以根据后面一句进行猜测。
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
1. Howard is probably ______.
A.an orchestra conductor
B.a music fan
C.a sales manager in a music company
D.a background music composer
A B C D
D
[解析] 5-8 Lisa: Hi, Howard. What are you working on? Howard: Hi, Lisa. (5[D]) I've just finished a piece of background music. Lisa: Background music? Oh, like the music they're playing here now. Howard: Yes. You hear it everywhere — in restaurants, airports, supermarkets... Lisa: In banks too. I noticed it while at the bank today. Howard: You're not supposed to notice it. (8[D]) It's just in the background. It' supposed to put you in the right mood. Lisa: I'm not sure I like that idea. Howard: Well, it seems to work. Companies pay millions of dollars every year for background music. (6[A])Wssupposed to give you a better feeling about yourself and the people around you. Factories use it a lot.It makes the workers happy, and they work better that way. In one factory, music increased roduction 4.5 percent. Lisa: Now that I think about it, I can't remember when there wasn't background music in restaurants and stores. Howard: Yeah, I know that hamburger places play fast music. When they started playing faster music, they found that a customer spent only seventeen minutes eating. The time was twenty-two minutes before that. Lisa: (7[C]) So they have more people coming in and out to buy hamburgers. Howard: Exactly. And that's good for business. You can see why music has become so popular. In Los Angeles, for instance, thirty different companies are selling background music services. Lisa: I still think there's something about it that I don't quite like. Howard: I know what you mean, but lots of people would not agree with you.
推理题。当问到霍华德在干什么时,他说:我刚finished a piece of background music。此后他不断介绍背景音乐的好处,这方面的知识也很丰富,所以可以推断出他是背景音乐作曲家。
2. According to Howard, background music ______.
A.can possibly give people better feelings
B.increases production by 4.5 percent in factories
C.is sometimes very boring to the workers
D.is always faster than any other music
A B C D
A
细节题。谈到背景音乐的好处时,霍华德说:音乐能为你带来关于你自己和周围人的更好的感觉(It’s supposed to give you a better feeling…),这与选项[A]的意思一致。
3. Hamburger places usually play fast background music because ______.
A.they think that will make the attendants work faster
B.they believe fast music can make people eat more
C.it shortens eating time to allow more customers coming and going
D.hamburgers will become more popular
A B C D
C
推理题;对话中霍华德说:他们开始播放较快速的音乐时,发现一位顾客只花了十七分钟就吃完了。在此之前需要花二十二分钟才能吃完。丽莎从中得出了结论:于是进出买汉堡的人就更多了(more people coming in and out to buy hamburgers)。而选项[C]正是两个人这部分谈话的总结。
4. The background music as mentioned in the conversation is ______.
A.such music as is played in concerts
B.the music that is played only in restaurants and stores
C.the music that is played to promote production
D.music played in the background to put you in a particular mood
A B C D
D
细节题。霍华德给背景音乐下的定义是:它只是在背景中,能out you in the right mood。
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
[解析] 9-10 Judy: Hi, Tom! Tom: Judy. Haven't seen you in weeks. Where have you been? Judy: In Florida. Tom: (9[C]) What, going On holiday! While the rest of us are studying on the campus in February cold? Judy: Not exactly. I spent most of my time under water. Tom: I don't understand. Judy: (10[A]) I was on a special field trip. I went with my marine biology class. Tom: So you went diving. What were you looking for, sunken treasure? Judy: You might say so. The sea's full of treasures. All kinds of strange fascinating organisms. Our class concentrated on studying plankton. Tom: I thought planktons were too small to be seen. Judy: That's common misconception. The term plankton covers a wild variety of freely flowing plants and animals, from one cell organisms to larger ones, such as the common jellyfish. Tom: Jellyfish may be large enough to be seen. But can you see the very tiny planktons? Judy: By concentrating. I was able to see the outlines of lots of different plankton plants and animals. Tom: That sounds like an interesting trip. But I think if I've been in Florida in February, I'd much rather spend my time just swimming and lying in the sun.
推理题。对话中,汤姆听到朱迪去了佛罗里达,就抱怨说:什么,去度假了!而我们其他人在这样寒冷的二月却在校园里学习(studying on the campus)?这说明他一直在学校学习。
SECTION B PASSAGES In this Section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
D.Because our society is permissive towards divorces.
A B C D
C
[解析] 11-12 A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn't easy; marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modem social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and threw the family into disorder. (11[C]) But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. (l2 [B]) Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one's fantasies, some of one's legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. "While all martial partners feel shacked at times, it is they who really choose to make the martial ties into confining chains or supporting bonds," says Dr. Walter. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional disciple. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing.
推理题。在首段:离婚普遍,是因为人们缺乏婚姻所要求的自律(unwilling to exercise the self-discipline)。人们expect easy joy。综合起来,选项[C]符合文意,而[A]与题干没有必然的因果关系。
2. How to maintain a good marriage?
A.A man and a woman should follow every of their own impulse respectively.
B.A good marriage takes some level of compromise between the husband and the wife.
C.A man and a woman should both have to endure dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul.
D.A man and a woman should stop growing or changing.
A B C D
B
细节题。文中第二段第—句就说:维持一桩婚姻,不需牺牲自我但却需要some level of compromise。
Questions 13 to 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
[解析] 13-16 Scientists say sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. Scientists say there are more than three- hundred-fifty different kinds of sharks. (14[B]) Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some large sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow's foot and metal protective clothing. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. (15[C]) Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. (16[B]) Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases.
B.By good sense of smell and electrical magnetic power.
C.By good sense of light.
D.By good sense of blood.
A B C D
B
细节题。文章中说:鲨鱼有极其敏锐的嗅觉(good sense of smell),能找到水里很小的物质,如动物的血、尸体等。鲨鱼同样也能用连接神经和肌肉的电磁感应来感知生物(sense electrical and magnetic power)。这些强有力的感觉帮助鲨鱼找到食物。由此可以看出鲨鱼靠敏锐的嗅觉和电磁感觉来捕食猎物。
3. In which point some sharks are similar with humans?
A.Bone structure.
B.Smell ability.
C.Birth mode.
D.Recovery ability against disease.
A B C D
C
细节题。文章中说:部分鲨鱼的生育方式与人类一样(carry their young inside their bodies like humans do),可见选项[C]与这句话意思一致。
4. Why are sharks useful for humans?
A.For their tasty meat.
B.For the principle of their defense system against disease.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
1. By what means did Joe think he could become rich?
A.He thought that he would either find a good job or he would be a thief.
B.He said that he would become rich by way of robbing the bank.
C.He said that he could rob the rich of their money.
D.He might be rich if he worked harder.
A B C D
A
[解析] 17-20 Joe grew up in an orphanage. He envied rich people and decided when he grew up he could make much money. Joe was not clever and he failed all his school exams. (17[A]) "I will either have to find a good job or I will have to become a thief." Joe said to himself. He knew he would never find an well paid job. For months Joe watched a bank out of town. He noticed when it had the fewest customers. He watched, waited and planned. One afternoon he found that only two tellers were on duty. "I will either succeed and be very rich or fail and go to prison." said Joe. He was willing to take the risk. Then he walked in and pushed a demand note over the counter, (18[B]) The teller read it, turned pale and quietly opened a small safe behind him. He took out $50,000 and placed the bank notes in Joe's open bag. Then Joe ran as fast as he could. That night Joe had to bury money incase the police caught him. He chose a deserted piece of land near the house, he was glad when the money was safely hidden in the ground. The next day he was woken by bangs on his door. He answered and there came two policemen. "Joseph Smith, you are under arrest for robbing a bank!" Joe protested in vain. (19[A]) The bank had hidden cameras and the whole raid had been photographed. Joe was caught and put into prison. Ten years later Joe was set free. He quickly made his way to the spot where he had buried the money. A big building had been built on the site.
细节题。文中提到:我要么找到一份好工作,要么就做小偷(either…or…)。
2. Why do you think the teller gave Joe the money?
A.Because he had a letter, of thanks.
B.Because he feared that he might be killed if he refused.
4. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe Joe?
A.Funny.
B.Clever.
C.Brave.
D.Stupid.
A B C D
D
推理题。Joe为了赚大钱想到抢银行,并将钱藏到荒地,由此可知他是很笨的,因此选[D]
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
[解析] 21-23 (21[C]) Thirty-four patients died and two were injured early yesterday when a fire broke out in a psychiatric hospital in the town of Nonsan. A police spokesman told reporters there were 41 patients in the newly-constructed Seoul Neurological Hospital when the fire broke out around 2i00 a.m. local time. It is said that rescue efforts were hampered because of some of the doors were locked for the night and some of the patients were bound to their beds. (22[B]) Policemen, firefighters and volunteers managed to get the fire under control (23[A]) within 20 minutes. It is said that police were investigating the cause of the blazes.
细节题。新闻中第一句话是:昨天早些时候一所位于Nonsan的精神病院突然起火,造成34名患者死亡,2人受伤(Thirty-four patients died.and two were injured)。所以伤亡人数加起来是36名,选项 [C]正确。
2. ______ together put out the fire.
A.Doctors, nurses and patients
B.Volunteers, policemen and firefighters
C.Firemen, policemen and reporters
D.Firemen, policemen and doctors
A B C D
B
细节题。新闻中提到:警察,消防队员以及志愿者在20分钟内控制了火势(Policemen,firefighters and volunteers managed…)。所以本题选[B]。
3. The fire was brought under control ______.
A.within 20 minutes
B.within 30 minutes
C.within 40 minutes
D.within two hours
A B C D
A
细节题。新闻中提到:警察,消防队员以及志愿者在20分钟内控制了火势。
Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news, At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions, Now, listen to the news,
1. What does the Australian government plan to do?
A.To cut down its defense spending.
B.To destroy its old defense equipment.
C.To increase its military capabilities.
D.To double its military capabilities.
A B C D
C
[解析] 24-25 (24[C]) Australia plans to increase its military capabilities, Australia's defense minister Ian Mclachlan said in a speech on government defense strategy on Monday. (25 [A]) Such plan will be implemented by replacing or upgrading its military equipment. "Increased defense spending coupled with advances in technology means that regional military forces are much more powerful than even a decade ago," Mclachlan said, but he did not tell in detail how Australia would increase its combat capability.
细节题。这道题的在新闻的第一句中:Australia plans to increase is military capabilities。
2. How will Australian government carry out its plan?
A.By replacing or upgrading its military equipment
B.By using foreign investment.
C.By using some new defense, strategies.
D.Not mentioned in the news.
A B C D
A
细节题。紧接上题,新闻中说:计划将从替换或更新其军事装备开始实施((such plan will be implemented by replacing or upgrading its military equipment)。这说明选项[A]为正确。
Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.
1. The French police arrested a man because _______.
A.he was instructed over the phone to plant a bomb in Lille
[解析] French police say they have narrowly headed off a new bomb attack and arrested a man. Officials call a key figure in a three-month wave of bombings. Police seized bomb components in the Northern City of Lille and detained all Algerian in Paris. They say they arrested him after heating him on a tapped telephone give orders to plant a bomb in the busy Lille market on Sunday.
细节题。新闻的最后一句说:他们说逮捕他是因为窃听到他命令别人周日在里尔安装炸弹(give order to plant a bomb)。这与选项[D](他命令别人在里尔安装炸弹)的陈述基本一致。
Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
D.is not sure whether the peace process will succeed
A B C D
A
[解析] 27-28 Secretary of State Warren Christopher has wrapped up his latest trip to the Middle East, saying (27[A])the peace process is progressing. Mr. Christopher says he will leave the region Thursday assured that(27[A])the picture is much less gloomy than suggested by recent reports. During two days of talks; Mr.Christopher(28[C]) met with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin and Foreign Minister Shimon Perez in Israel, and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat in the Gaza Strip. He also met with Syrian President Hafez al-Assad in Damascus.
推理题。新闻中说:和平进程正在向前发展(progressing),前景不像最近报告里显示的那样黯淡 (much less gloomy)。因此,本题正确是[A]。
2. With whom did Christopher NOT meet?
A.The Syrian President.
B.The PLO leader.
C.The Jordanian President.
D.The Israeli Prime Minister.
A B C D
C
细节题。新闻中列举了克里斯托弗所会见的人:Israeli Prime Minister…and PLO Chairman Yasser Ararat…Syrian President Hafez al-Assad…,唯独没有提到[C]The Jordanian President。
Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
1. The percentage of the annual decrease in infant mortality rate since 1990 is ______.
A.6.5
B.5.85
C.5
D.19
A B C D
A
[解析] 29-30 (30[A]) The infant mortality rate in China has declined notably since the beginning of the 1990s, according to China's new white paper on children's conditions. (29[A]) The average decrease in infant mortality in the country is 6.5 percent a year since 1990. The mortality rate of children under five years old has been tailing off by 5.85 percent annually, the white paper says. The white paper, entitled "The Situation of children in China" and issued by the Information Office of the State Council says that so far, no other country in the world with an annual per capita income approximate to China's has attained such rapid decreases.
细节题。新闻中说:自从1990年来这个国家平均婴儿死亡率下降比例为每年6.5%(6.5percent a year since 1990),这意味着选项[A]为正确。
2. ______ progress has been made in cutting down the mortality rate in China.
PART Ⅲ CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your Answer Sheet. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 5 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 14 ,children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 17 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 18 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
[解析] 语义衔接题。本题线索有两条:其一是选项中截然相反的一对选项中大概有一个选项是正确的,本题中[A]immune和[D]subject正是如此的一对;第二条线索是本句中的连词and,这个and在本句中构成了其前后两个词的因果关系。由于所有理论都是“尝试性的”(tentative),所以一切理论通常会“遭受到批评和质疑”(subject to criticism)。[A]、[B]、[C]选项的含义是“免于”、“抵抗”、“敏感的”。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section, Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
1. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ______ to educate their children.
A.pains
B.endeavors
C.efforts
D.attempts
A B C D
A
惯用搭配题。考查短语动词的用法。这组词都有“努力”之意,由于题干中动词为take,能与之搭配的名词只有pains,take pains to do sth.意为“努力;下苦功”。其余的名词与make连用。
2. I can't find Jenny everywhere. Where ______ she be?
语法结构题。考查不定式的完成式。由于题干中的too要求不定式作其结果状语,故排除[C]和 [D]。因为不定式的宾语为the old society(旧社会),所以选用表示过去的不定式的完成式(to have seen)。
4. ______ the advances of scientific forecasting, in spite of the thousands of daily bulletins and advisories that get flashed about, the weather is still ultimately capricious and unpredictable.
6. The police were alerted that the escaped, criminal might be in the ______.
A.vain
B.vicinity
C.court
D.jail
A B C D
B
语义连贯题。根据对上下文的理解,可以得知本句的意思是:警察得到报警,逃犯可能就在附近。因此选in the vicinity(=in the neighborhood在附近)。其他选项均不合逻辑:[A]vain与in连用,in vain徒劳地;[C]项in the court在法庭上;[D]项in the jail在监获。
7. ______ something should go wrong, what would you do then?
20. We'll ______ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.
A.compensate
B.remedy
C.supplement
D.retrieve
A B C D
A
语义连贯题。[A]compensate补偿,赔偿;~ sb.for damage/losses,etc;[B]remedy纠正(错误等);[C]supplement补充(数量之不足);[D]retrieve挽回(损失),~ one's losses。根据选项和已知部分 (for any damage)的暗示,本句的意思是:我们会对在居住期间对你房子所遭到的破坏进行补偿的。
21. Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject, ______ extensively outside of it.
A.much more to read
B.much less to read
C.much less reading
D.still more reading
A B C D
B
语法结构题。此题考查由比较级构成的习语。首先可以确定应填项中含有与题干中复合宾语的成分相对等的成分。因题干中谓语动词find的真正宾语为to read…所以选项中也应有不定式,因此可排除含有动名词reading的[C]项和[D]项。[A]项中的much more意为“更加”,与题干语意相矛盾。[B]项 much less意为“更不用说;更何况”,符合题意。
22. Mr. Smith became very ______ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.
28. Although the colonists ______ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians' influence on American culture and language was not extensive.
A.migrated
B.matched
C.mingled
D.melted
A B C D
C
近形近义题。几个选项的意思是:[A]migrate移徙,移居,~to a place;[B]match与…相匹配,~sb./sth.for…;[C]mingle混合,溶入,~with/in;[D]melt溶化,溶解。本句的意思是:虽说在一定程度上殖民者已与土著美洲人混在一起,但印第安人对美国文化及语言的影响还是很有限的。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT A Industry should get rid of half its bosses, says behavioral psychologist Alfred J. Marrow. "Adults are quite capable of handling their lives outside their homes, at their jobs," Marrow said in an interview. They need fewer supervisors and managers, not more. As president of the American Board of Professional Psychology, he's heard the complaint from working people over and over again: too many bosses. If a shirt manufacturer's customers are returning merchandise because the collars are crooked, he said, the people who make the shirts are more likely than management to identify the problem quickly if they get together to talk about it. But if the boss comes on as an adversary, bawling them out for bad work and threatening to or actually firing some, the remaining workers will probably react angrily and work will suffer. He recalled an insurance company in Hartford, Conn. that got about 50,000 pieces of mail every morning. One person was assigned to slit the envelopes starting at 6 a.m. When a meeting was called to discuss the frequent turnover of employees in that job, one worker suggested that the starting hour be changed to 7:30, and the one person to a team of four or five. The solution worked, Marrow said, because one person was no longer stuck with a boring and lonely job for four to five hours. The work got done in one hour, and the people who did it were then given more varied and interesting clerical duties the remainder of the day. That's called "job enrichment". More American companies are turning to it because surveys show it is No. 1 on employees' lists of importance: "Not wages, not hours. They are fifth, sixth, seventh", Marrow said. Job enrichment and employee participation gain the support of top organizations because they arc good for production and reduce staff turnover, he said. For employees who have not yet discovered they can actually influence management, he suggests: if you have a problem or objectives that will be good for the company, first discuss them with your coworkers.
1. The author's chief purpose is ______.
A.to inform us that people are dissatisfied with their wages and hours
B.to explain that "job enrichment" creates jobs
C.to suggest that too many bosses hinder production more than help it
D.to persuade us to carry out our greater "job simplification"
3. Which statement best expresses the theme of the passage?
A.Bosses create stress.
B.Workers don't need bosses.
C.Workers should participate more in decision making.
D.Workers know better than bosses.
A B C D
C
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章用实例及调查结果表明工作丰富化和工人积极参与决策对劳资双方都有利,这在最后一段也进行了总结。选项[A]、 [D]文中未涉及,且过于宽泛。选项[B]过于绝对,与文中第—句get rid of half its bosses相悖。
TEXT B The introduction of non-native "exotic" species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity. In 1825, a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori (called Japanese knotweed) was introduced into Holland and later distributed throughout Europe by the plant collector and nurseryman, Von Seybold. British gardeners loved it and by 1886 it was eyen found growing on cinder tips in South Wales. By the turn of the century, the plant had colonized many other sites, and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies. By 1994, it Was almost everywhere — railways, riversides, hedgerows, cemeteries — swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing rare species. Botanists' fears that the plant is still spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it by mechanical and chemical methods, all in vain as yet. The evidence stacked against Japanese knotweed is damning. But there is a deep anxiety that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook-ups often manifested as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems — is a thinly disguised xenophobia: that we are simply seeing yet another form of ecological imperialism which defines what is "natural" .based on human preferences. But whatever our reaction to "problem" or alien species is, it must involve moral decisions. And who should make such decisions and to what degree they are accountable must also be up for review. The conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ vastly about what to do about the introduced animals. And plants. For example, the scheme to control rabbits in Australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the greater good — the "health" of Australian ecosystems. But would inflicting such a horrifically slow agonizing death on sentient creatures win popular support if it were proposed today? Scientists of biodiversity are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not necessarily with the interests and well being of individual, particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems. Yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life. The movement towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is, rather than as we would design it. Then, when our lawns have long disappeared, we may yet come to honor the humble dandelion.
1. Botanists have generated attempts to remove the Japanese knotweed because ______.
[解析] 语义理解题。本题要求根据上下文推测生词的词义。由一、二段中的信息,如the introduction of nonnative“exotic”species,another form of ecological imperialism, natural等多处线索可推测xenophobia意为“排外主义,仇外”。
4. As for what to do about alien species, the author thinks ______.
A.who should make such decisions is open to doubt
B.the decisions should be based on scientists' conclusions
C.decision making should involve more people other than scientists
D.it is morally unacceptable to eradicate all alien species
TEXT C The Masters of Business Administration (MBA), the best-known business school label, is an introduction to general management. The traditional MBA, Harvard style, has remained largely unaltered since the 1950s, and seeks to provide a thorough knowledge of business functions through the case study — a feature incidentally borrowed from law school. In a similar fashion to law school, the graduate management programs train students to think in a particular way, ultimately teaching future business leaders how to analyze problems quickly and come up with concise solutions. However, business comprises more than merely manipulating numbers or sourcing rational answers to problems. Today, both companies and schools are increasingly aware that business is a human activity; it is ultimately by and about people. John Quelch is a business school insider who detects the limitations of the traditional syllabus. According to Quelch, leadership is an area that schools have not fully addressed. "The basic technical training managers need is more widespread. But leadership skills are in short supply. This could become a major constraint on the speed with which multinational companies can expand," he says. Leadership is notoriously hard to teach, but programs do have the capacity to provide a grounding in non-business areas and personal growth. "You want to produce graduates who will be effective. To do this, they need to know their own skills. Our job is not only to cram finance down their throats, but help develop them as people," explains Leo Murray, director of Cranfield School of Management in the U. K. Cranfield uses philosophy in its core, which since 1997 has offered an evening lecture series on both Aristotelian and present day thinking. Self awareness is crucial at the school, which will grant the theme even more space. "These issues help people think," states Murray. The better you understand yourself, goes the logic, the better you can manage others. The Said Business School (SBS) at Oxford University champions a more integrated approach. John Kay, SBS director, is keen to leverage the intellectual might of the wider university. Access to faculty from other disciplines including philosophy, politics and economics, he believes, could give SBS an edge over other school. These are surely steps in the right direction. But there is more. In future, developing a gut instinct for business may be as important as understanding the figures. To create an MBA to meet the challenges of the 21st century business schools will have to try harder.
1. All of the following facts about traditional MBA programs are referred to by the author EXCEPT that ______.
A.MBA programs, like law school programs, use case study to teach
B.traditional MBA programs emphasize theoretical studies
C.traditional MBA programs has changed markedly
D.traditional MBA syllabus may check the growth of multinational companies
TEXT D It wasn't all hard work at the G8 summit of the world's most powerful leaders. There was good food, lots of glad-handing. If there's one thing you can say about the French, it's that they know how to put on a good lunch. French President Jacques Chirac offered his colleagues a lunch Monday that featured specialties from the Haute Savoie region of southeastern France. The assembled heads of state or government from Britain, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United States joined Chirac for crayfish, char — lake trout — from the nearby Lake Geneva, pigeon accompanied by new potatoes, assorted cheeses and a soft and creamy cake. The wine, Roussette de Savoie, was a regional white. The meal was prepared by a culinary school in Thonon, several kilometers from the summit site. Afterwards the leaders posed for pictures with the young chefs. German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder was a late arrival at the summit after facing critics in his Social Democrats at a special party congress in Berlin that eventually swallowed his controversial social and economic reforms. Schroeder arrived half a day after the first leaders, but was made to feel welcome by his buddy and host, French President Jacques Chirac. Chirac congratulated him on getting his reforms adopted. At which point, everyone clapped. Including US President George W. Bush, whose relations with Schroeder haven't been rosy since they fell out over Iraq. Bush also shook Schroeder's hand, German sources said. Time waits for no man, so the expression goes, not even if your name is Olusegun Obasanjo, you're president of Nigeria and you've got a plane waiting for you at Geneva airport. After dinner-table talks that obviously ended well past the dessert stage, the leader of Africa's most populous nation apologized for keeping reporters waiting, then again for cutting the press conference short. "Ladies and gentlemen, we have to take leave of you," he said, impeccably polite as ever. "First of all the airport has to close and if we don't leave we will not be able to take Off." Schroeder and Russian President Vladimir Putin wandered onto the lawn. There they divested themselves of their jackets for 30 minutes of relaxed talks, before Putin donned his jacket again and returned to the hotel for his turn in the comfortable armchair next to Chirac. Bush left the summit early, but the French hosts were keen not to let his departure look like an embarrassing politics of the empty chair. As soon as he set off for the Middle East after a working morning session, his chair at the round-table talks was swiftly whisked away. The US leader had been sitting in the front row, sandwiched between Chirac and British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
1. What is the best thing about the French, according to the author?
TEXT E Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence." This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination). Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance between several attractive potential destinations. The deciding factor might be a non economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow. Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call "intervening obstacles", Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors" of the potential migrant. The same push pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging, to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.
2. People's decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXCEPT ______.
A.personalities
B.education
C.marital status
D.abilities
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。此题的线索词为“decision to migrate”,应以此为线索,在文章中快速找寻相应的段落。第五段的第一句中含有decision to move,为本段落的主题句。在以下的扩展句中,可依次找到“abilities”、“personalities”和“unmarried young man/older man with a wife”。只有[B]项未提及,因此[B]项为正确答案。
3. The purpose of the passage is to discuss ______.
SECTION A COMPOSITION When freshmen first enter a college or a university, they face some problems in living in a dorm. How can they adjust to the new environment as soon as possible? Give the freshmen one or two pieces of advice which you think can best help the new student. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
1. The Best Ways to Adjust to Dorm Life You are to write in three parts: In the first part, state your point of view clearly. In the second part, support your view with specific details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
[参考范文] The Best Ways to Adjust to Dorm Life College life is colorful. However, it can be hard as well. Life in the college dorm in particular is something which will expose the freshmen to a variety of situations and emotions. As a second-year student, I think the best ways to survive m the dorm is to take it easy and to make friends. Do not be scared about dorm life. Like all new and unknown things in life, moving into the dorm will bring with it problems, anxieties and frustrations, but everything will turn out just fine in a few days. Look at the bright side of it: You are going to meet new people, and some of them will be your good friends. You are going to learn different local cultures through the people sharing the dorm with you. The way to quickly adjust you into the dorm environment is by making friends. It's always easier to go through unfamiliar and inconvenient situations if you have a group of friends with whom you can relate to. Although there is a certain degree of anxiety and stress involved, the years spent in the dorm room will eventually become one of the most enjoyable and memorable periods of your life.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about , 50-60 words based on the following situation:
1. You are Tony/Pearl. Your friend Nell has invited you to his birthday party. However, you will not be able to go for a certain reason. Write Neil a note explaining your situation and making apologies. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
[参考范文] Sept. 1 Dear Neil, Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party, but I am terribly sorry to tell you that I will not be able to go tonight, because I have to finish my term paper by tomorrow. You know I always want to celebrate your birthday with all the friends. But sorry I should have missed it. Hope you have a happy time. Tony