第1部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 第三篇 Difficult to Have Hard Discoveries
If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏缩) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today's scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.
A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today's leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.
The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation (谴责) in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief," Mr. Horgan says.
The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s—the genetic code, plate tectonics (板块构造学说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang—genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, than ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.
Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today's? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don't get me wrong," says Mr. Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on forever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress." 第6部分：完形填空下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 New U.S. Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to 1 responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson 2 Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to 3 communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases—the leading causes of death in the United States— and outlines ways that people can 4 them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of 5 illness, disability and health care costs are 6 by chronic diseases," the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.
The causes are often 7 —smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
"I am 8 that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future," Thompson told at a conference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to 9 with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely 10 , yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.
The $15 million is 11 to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
12 exercise such as walking can prevent and even 13 heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at 14 of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society 15 that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical (子宫颈的) cancer, mammograms (乳房X射线照片) for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查), and prostate (前列腺的) checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent. 
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