1. Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was ______ on both sides with many various businesses.
2. They even propose the use of graphic warnings for junk food, similar to those on cigarette packages, which now have pictures of a dying cancer ______ on them. They would discuss a tax on junk foods,
3. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to ______ fathers in this resocialization process. Although numerous books have been written about mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
4. We may want to question the appropriateness of this public relations function. Publicity is not ______ a good thing. If this publicity is scandalous (or even negative), the school has not benefited. There is a university on the banks of the river that sponsors a "Mississippi River Festival" every summer.
5. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever ______, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in gazelles.
A.height
B.degree
C.scale
D.domain
A B C D
A
[解析] 名词词义辨析。本句中的动词词组rise to表明其后面应该跟达到的具体数据，选项中可以表示点的有degree和height。fever很少与degree直接搭配，可说the degree of fever，表示具体的发烧度数。fever可与height搭配，表“发烧的程度”，故答案为A。scale“刻度，衡量，比例”；domain“范围，领域”。
6. It is a highly developed international company with a deep worldwide involvement and a global perspective in its management and decision making. More ______, the multinational company in manufacturing does business in a number of countries; it has a substantial commitment of its resources in international business; it engages in international production in a number of countries; and it has a worldwide perspective in its management.
7. Quite a lot, as it turns out the 4-year-old who is able to hold out in order to receive a second treat is demonstrating more self-control that will serve him or her well as an adult. This ability to control one's ______ is just one part of what is called Emotional Intelligence.
8. It may have to do with how a teacher talks to the class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience, annoyance, or irritation. Non-verbal communication, including ______ expressions, probably plays a role too.
9. Thus, the following are possible use of television watching, a proper leisure activity, a change of experience to provide escape from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life experiences as ______ in the programs.
A.portrayed
B.described
C.related
D.narrated
A B C D
A
[解析] 动词词义辨析。分析句子结构可知，as...in the programs在句中做other people's life experiences的后置定语。所以the programs与other people's life experiences的关系就是the programs(电视节目)能够描述或展现other people's life experiences。portrayed意为“描绘，用图画来描绘或表现”，符合要求。故答案为A。
10. Probably the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of ______. He could free himself from the tightest knots or the most complicated locks in seconds.
11. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls. And the growing ______ of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.
12. Never mind the obesity epidemic—Canada is ______ with an epidemic of bad ideas on how to fight obesity. The latest is to treat fast-food restaurants as if they were akin to porn shops, and bar them from—or at least limit their numbers in—neighborhoods with schools or hospitals.
A.inflicted
B.afflicted
C.anguished
D.wounded
A B C D
B
[解析] inflict“使……遭受危害或损失”，惯用的结构是inflict harm or damage on sb.；afflict“引起悲伤或痛苦”，be afflicted with可以看成一个固定的短语，意为“因为……而痛苦”；anguish指肉体或精神上的“痛苦”，一般用作名词；wound“伤害，破坏”，一般指肉体上的。根据语义，此处意为加拿大在与肥胖作斗争时有着流行的错误观念，这让它在痛苦中煎熬，afflicted符合语义。故答案为B。
13. Yet the youthful idolizing of athletes, which tends to upset a boy's concept of values and may do ______ harm to the objects of this hero-worship, is a very different matter.
14. With the baby boom, the focus of educators inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and ______. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to the older youths.
15. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage ______ increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.
16. Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human "guinea pig" is tested using a ______ tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body.
17. We may see how another photographer failed at one shot, and instantly, we know how to make it better. We may see how another photographer used a ______ technique to incredibly deliver a wonderful message and we take that into our own.
18. We live in a materialist society. We are trained from our earliest years to be greedy. Our possessions, "mine" and "yours", are clearly ______ from early childhood. When we grow older enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money we earn.
19. Every course of studies must lead somewhere: i.e. to a bigger wage ______. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and "fringe benefits" are offered to them.
20. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have ______ which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.
21. What all this means is that people develop "quasi theories" of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in a(n) ______, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know why humans do the things they do.
22. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. Whatever the ______ to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to that of a father is a difficult task.
23. Unfashionable goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year's model than you are thinking hard about its ______. This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education.
A.replacement
B.supplement
C.requirement
D.substance
A B C D
A
[解析] 形近名词辨析。选项中的词均以-ment结尾，但词义不同。replacement“替代品”，本句是解释前文的“Unfashionable goods are made to be discarded.”，根据上下文，此处表示产品的更新速度之快，replacement符合句意。故答案为A。supplement“补充”；requirement“要求，必要条件”；substance“物质”，这三项都不能表达此处的意思。
24. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most ______ in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g. cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.
25. Removing this source of uncertainty allows investors to locate according to economies of scale and may lead to more plants of ______ size, a reduction in unit cost of production, and increase in efficiency.
A.largest
B.maximum
C.medium
D.optimum
A B C D
D
[解析] 形近形容词辨析。选项中的后三个词以-um结尾，但词义不同。本句主要是讲消除了汇率变动所带来的积极影响。投资者可以根据economies of scale来选择投资地，而不同的投资地适合多大的工厂肯定也是不同的，也就是说工厂的大小要因地制宜，选项中的词只有optimum(最适宜的)符合句意。largest, maximum, medium用在句中都表明不同的投资地，工厂的大小都是一定的，不符合原文。
26. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it ______ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.
A.ineffective
B.incompetent
C.inefficient
D.insufficient
A B C D
C
[解析] 形近形容词辨析。本题所填的形容词用于修饰空格后的to keep all smell receptors working all the time，从选项看，只有inefficient最符合题意，说明让所有感受器一直工作“效率太低”。ineffective“无效的，不起作用的”；incompetent“不能胜任的”；insufficient“不充足的”。
27. If leadership, at its most basic meaning, consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leader's ______ tools, many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic and the eloquent.
28. These ideas are not very controversial, but some other aspects of Emotional Intelligence are. For example, some scholars are offended at the idea that such a ______ and abstract idea would be reduced to a simple numerical measure in the form of an "EQ".
29. A volcano can be very dangerous because when it is active it sometimes explodes and causes great damage. Diamonds were ______ towards the surface of the earth—millions of years ago by a number of great volcanic explosions.
30. "First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more ______ to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish..." said President Kennedy.
31. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. Some criminals make use of this to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to ______.
A.make
B.take
C.do
D.adapt
A B C D
B
[解析] take a step为固定搭配，意为“采取措施”。make a step“走一步”。故答案为B。
32. They are ______ of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again.
33. Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We ______ towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, though rather steeper.
A.set
B.got
C.made
D.took
A B C D
C
[解析] make towards(=make for, go forwards, move in the direction of…)意为“朝……走去”，是固定搭配。故答案为C。
34. He said the same region of the brain has been found in prior studies to play a role in motor control. "If you are driving along and you see a yellow light, you have to inhibit one response in order to ______ on the brake," he said.
A.drive
B.stamp
C.step
D.stop
A B C D
C
[解析] step on the brake意为“踩刹车”，为惯用搭配，用在此处符合语义。故答案为C。
35. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been ______ to failure and extinction. But they were endowed with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.
A.driven
B.doomed
C.forced
D.led
A B C D
B
[解析] be doomed to后一般接death, failure等一类的词，意为“注定……”。be driven to后常接madness, sorrow等一类的词。lead to一般为主动式。
36. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not enough. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men ______ the only possible solution.
37. He and colleagues scanned the brains of 30 people—18 women and 12 men between 18 and 36—who were shown pictures of faces expressing strong emotions. They were asked to ______ the feelings in words like sad or angry, or to choose between two gender specific names like "Sally or Harry" that matched the face.
A.describe
B.generalize
C.change
D.categorize
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章上下文可以推断，此处是研究人员让接受调查的人用悲伤或生气等词来对他们所看到的图片中人的表情进行分类。categorize意为“以类别分类”，categorize sth. in (into)是习惯表达，敝答案为D。
38. Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and ______ a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers.
39. Drunk drivers ______ one half of all fatal automobile accidents each year in the United States. Drinking is a leading cause of loss of income and of social and personal problems.
40. The doctors, ______ by the cardiologist Mark Eisenberg of McGill University, seem to view a bag of potato chips as the moral equivalent of a package of cigarettes.
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