Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. "Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity, "Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.
1.
A.ignore
B.protect
C.discuss
D.resolve
A B C D
D
[解析] 空格处填入动词,与名词uncertainty“不确定的事,未知事物”构成搭配。由下一句可知该研究说明的是人有很强烈的求知欲(need to know),因此对于“未知的事物”应该去了解、认识,故D项“解决,解答”正确。
2.
A.refuse
B.seek
C.wait
D.regret
A B C D
B
[解析] 空格处填入动词,与to构成搭配,说明人类应怎样对待“满足好奇心”(satisfy their curiosity)。由前半句可知,人类的求知欲很强(need to know is so strong),第二段也有提到in an effort to satisfy curiosity“努力满足好奇心”,seek填入文中“寻找方法满足好奇心”符合语义,故选B。
3.
A.rise
B.last
C.hurt
D.mislead
A B C D
C
[解析] 空格位于even when引导的让步状语从句中,句意为“即使结果明显会______,人们还是会满足好奇心”,由even when“即使”来看,这个结果应该是负面的;而由首句will obviously be painful来看,为满足好奇,人是会做一些不愉快的事,C项hurt与painful是近义复现,故选C。
4.
A.alert
B.expose
C.tie
D.treat
A B C D
B
[解析] 空格处填入动词,构成...sb./oneself to sth.的结构,说明研究是要测试学生哪方面的意愿,且这样做的目的是满足好奇心(satisfy curiosity)。从下一段可知,在实验中学生要想知道哪些笔带电的话就得摁下笔受电击,这是对应第一段的“为了求知做一些不愉快的事(painful)”,B项填入文中指要满足好奇心,就会“遭受到”不愉快的刺激,符合上下文的逻辑。
5.
A.trial
B.message
C.review
D.concept
A B C D
A
[解析] 由空格所在句中的participant“参加者”,researcher“研究人员”及previous experiment“之前的实验”可知,本句描述的是实验过程,是在描述段首提到的四个实验之一(In a series of four experiments)。结合选项,trial指“试验”与此对应,故选A。
6.
A.remove
B.deliver
C.weaken
D.interrupt
A B C D
B
[解析] 空格处填入动词,与名词an electric shock“电击”构成搭配。由下一段可知,有些笔是带电的(electrified),摁下笔会发出电击(clicked...pens and incurred...shocks),所以空格需要类似“产生电击、发出电击”的词义,B项deliver可与shock构成搭配,意为“给予、发送”,符合语义。
7.
A.Unless
B.If
C.When
D.Though
A B C D
C
[解析] 空格处填入引导词,说明从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。空格后为过去分词结构left alone,此处省略了主谓结构,实为students were left alone“学生被单独留下”或“学生独自留在房间”,主句讲述的是参与实验的学生的具体行为,故此处需要的是表时间的逻辑词,表示“当学生独自留在房间时,他们会有怎么样的反应”,故选C。
8.
A.change
B.continue
C.disappear
D.happen
A B C D
D
[解析] 空格位于定语从句中,说明第一类学生的特点;空格所在处的主语that指代的是which ones would shock them,即“哪些笔是带电的”。本段首句提到,实验对象有两类学生,一类知道哪些笔是带电的,另一类只知道有些笔带电,但不知道具体是哪些笔。本句第一个who引导的定语从句指代了第二类学生,故空格所在处应指第一类学生,即知道哪些笔是带电的,故他们是知道“摁下笔被电”是会“发生”的,故选happen。
[解析] 本句语序可理解为to ______ unhealthy curiosity is possible,故空格填入的动词与“不健康的好奇心”构成动宾搭配。从下一句实验的情况来看,如果参与者事先预测的话,他们选择看令人不悦的图片的可能性就会降低(less likely...to see such an image),而看这些图片就是为了满足好奇心,故不看这些图片实际上就是忍住不去满足好奇心,D项“忍住、按捺住(拥有某东西或做某事的欲望)”正确。
[解析] 空格处填入动词,与后面的to see such an image构成“动词+to do sth.”结构,其中such an image指代an unpleasant picture,此处应该是说实验对象最终是否看图片的结果,A项“选择”正确,填入文中意为“这些人选择看这些图片的可能性更低”,语义逻辑合理。
18.
A.relief
B.outcome
C.plan
D.duty
A B C D
B
[解析] 空格中填入名词,作imagining“想象”的宾语,且其后由of following through on one's curiosity修饰,本句意为“事先想象刨根究底满足好奇心的______有助于决定……”,本句是对实验的总结,填入的名词应该是对how they would feel after...的概括,实际上是对“后果,结果”的猜想,故B项正确。
19.
A.how
B.why
C.where
D.whether
A B C D
D
[解析] 空格填入引导词,作determine的宾语,从句中it指代following through on one's curiosity,意为“刨根究底满足好奇心值得一试”。从实验结果来看,做过想象的人选择这样做的可能性更低,所以此处应该指“是否应这样做”,故D项正确。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain? As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle. But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education "have that stereotype... that it's for kids who can't make it academically," he says. On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so. But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That's not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.
1. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of ______.
A.academic training
B.practical ability
C.pioneering spirit
D.mechanical memorization
A B C D
B
[解析] broken bike chain的例子出现在第二段第三句。该句为反问句,实际上指出学生的现状,能说得出美国第13任总统是谁,但却不会处理坏了的自行车链,而这现状却是人们普遍认同的(accepted wisdom)。第二段前两句提到Stephen Koziatek所在学校是开创性的(pioneering,暗示其做法与普遍做法不同),学生学到的是实用知识(practical),故普遍的情况是,学生应该是缺乏这类实用知识,也正是broken bike chain所对应的,故选B。
2. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ______.
A.have a stereotyped mind
B.have no career motivation
C.are financially disadvantaged
D.are not academically successful
A B C D
D
[解析] 题干问的prejudice出现在第四段首句。接着两句具体解释“偏见”是什么。前一句说的是动手类的工作(Working with your hands)被认为是低人一等的(inferiority);后一句则说有一种固定思维(stereotype)认为,职业教育是为那些在学术上不成功的孩子(for kids who can't make it academically),其中的make it意为“在某方向取得成功”,D项与原文can't make it academically同义,故选D。
3. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ______.
5. The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as ______.
A.tolerant
B.cautious
C.supportive
D.disappointed
A B C D
C
[解析] 作者对Koziatek的学校的态度在最后两段均有体现。第七段最后两句提到工人阶级的工作岗位有缺口(gap),即有些工作找不到合适的人来做,而Koziatek的学校则能填补这缺口(fill that gap)。此外,最后一段将Koziatek的学校形容为a wake-up call,说明其有警示、警醒作用,这些都说明作者对Koziatek的学校的支持,故选C。
Text 2 While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line. Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years. In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration. President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers. The question "what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely. The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years. While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn't do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
1. The word "plummeting" (line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ______.
2. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America ______.
A.is progressing notably
B.is as extensive as in Europe
C.faces many challenges
D.has proved to be impractical
A B C D
A
[解析] 第三段第三句提到美国使用可再生能源的情况。该句提到世界上的其他国家已带头发展(takes the lead),美国也有显著的变化(a remarkable shift);第四句则引用数据支持。A项中的processing notably与原文的a remarkable shift同义,故选A。
3. It can be learned that in Iowa, ______.
A.wind is a widely used energy source
B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C.tech giants are investing in clean energy
D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply
A B C D
A
[解析] 第四段第二、三句均提到了Iowa。第三句的两个where引导的定语从句说明了风能在该州的发展。其中提到风力涡轮机布满农田(dot the fields,暗示风能被广泛应用),产生全州电能的36%;并吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头。A项对应文中两个where引导的定语从句的内容,故选A。
4. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraph 5&6?
A.Its application has boosted battery storage.
B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
A B C D
C
[解析] 第六段第一句明确提到,电池储存能力的提升部分依赖于汽车制造业的发展(driven in part by vehicle manufacturers),与A项提到“清洁能源的应用”无关,排除A。第六段第二句提到,现在电动汽车还是很少见的,故可知现在清洁能源还未能在电动汽车上广泛应用,排除B。从第五、六段较为积极的词组making...more likely,change the picture rapidly来看,新能源的开发利用前景非常乐观,D项中的difficult与此相反。故选C。
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy ______.
A.will bring the US closer to other countries
B.will accelerate global environmental change
C.is not really encouraged by the US government
D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
Text 3 The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what. Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies. The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids tor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.
1. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its ______.
A.digital products
B.user information
C.physical assets
D.quality service
A B C D
B
[解析] 第一段第二句提到WhatsApp为Facebook提供的东西是一张网(web),里面是用户的朋友圈和社交生活(users' friendships and social lives),这两点可归结为用户的社交信息,故B项正确。
2. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.
A.worsen political disputes
B.mess up customer records
C.pose a risk to Facebook users
D.mislead the European commission
A B C D
C
[解析] 题干中linking the phone number出现在第二段第一句。该句but后的broke the promise“食言”暗示,Facebook收购WhatsApp后真的将电话号码与Facebook账号关联起来了,第二句提到后果是大量信息发送人和接收人的信息都被泄露了(revealing)。这些隐私信息被泄露,合理的推断是给用户带来风险,故C项正确。
3. According to the author, competition law ______.
4. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.
A.they are not defined as customers
B.they are not financially reliable
C.the services are generally digital
D.the services are paid for by advertisers
A B C D
A
[解析] 题干because前的内容出现在第六句,该句前半部分说明,竞争法只适于客户(customers)的经济受损(financial disadvantage);该句when后的内容说明如果使用这些服务的用户不付费,客户的经济受损这一点就不明显了;第七句明确提到,使用这些服务的用户不是客户(not their customers),由此可推断这些用户因为不是客户而不适用于竞争法,因而不受保护,故A项正确。
5. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.
A.a win-win business model between digital giants
B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C.the benefits provided for digital giants' customers
D.the relationship between digital giants and their users
A B C D
D
[解析] ants analogy“有关蚂蚁的类比”出现在最后一段第二、三句。这两句分别用Just as...so...结构和并列句形式,将蚂蚁对待蚜虫的方式和Google对待用户的方式作类比:蚂蚁养蚜虫是为了蜜露,Google对待用户是为了数据;蚂蚁保护蚜虫不被别的昆虫捕食,Google保护用户不被垃圾邮件骚扰,作类比的目的要看前后的观点句,末句归结出这种关系不像是人道的或民主的(human or democratic relationship),故可推断作类比的目的是为了说明两者的关系,故D项正确。
Text 4 To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Worlds, recommends building a habit of "deep work"—the ability to focus without distraction. There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. "At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting," he writes. Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Trans-form Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day. While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results. In order to make the most ofourfocus and energy, we also need toembrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy." "Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body... [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessaiy to getting any work done," he argues. Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way ourbrains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. "What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain," says Pillay.
1. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ______.
A.keep to your focus time
B.list your immediate tasks
C.make specific daily plans
D.seize every minute to work
A B C D
A
[解析] 题干中的mastering the art of deep work出现在第二段第一句,该句be it后举例了三个掌握深度工作艺术的方法;第二句道出关键(the key is)是确定专注的时长(your length of focus time),并坚持下去(stick to)。A项中的keep to指“遵循,遵从”,与stick to同义,故选A。
2. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ______.
A.distractions may actually increase efficiency
B.daily schedules are indispensable to studying
C.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
D.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
A B C D
D
[解析] 题干中的The study in the early 1980s出现在第四段第二句。该句提到实验的内容,把对象分成两组,一组按月制定计划,另一组按天制定计划,且计划详细。第五段第一句提到了实验结果。研究人员预测的是详细的计划会更有效,但他们的预测并不正确(they were wrong),详细的计划反而会让学生失去动力(demotivated students),故D项正确,其中的not...as expected说明了研究人员的预测错误。
3. According to Newport, idleness is ______.
A.a desirable mental state for busy people
B.a mayor contributor to physical health
C.an effective way to save time and energy
D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work
A B C D
D
[解析] 第六、七段实际上都是在强调idleness的积极作用,第七段最后强调,对于完成任何工作,放空都是必须的(necessaiy to getting any work done),D项中essential与necessaiy同义,accomplish“完成”与原文get...done也同义,故选D。
4. Pillay believes that our brains' shift between being focused and unfocused ______.
A.can result in psychological well-being
B.can bring about greater efficiency
C.is aimed at better balance in work
D.is driven by task urgency
A B C D
B
[解析] 题干中的our brains' shift between being focused and unfocused对应的是第八段第二句中的switch between being focused and unfocused,其中shift和switch是同义词,均表示“改变”。原文该处提到,当处于这种专注与分心交替时,大脑的效率会更高(more efficient),B项中的greater efficiency与此对应,故选B。
5. This text is mainly about ______.
A.ways to relieve the tension of busy life
B.approaches to getting more done in less time
C.the key to eliminating distractions
D.the cause of the lack of focus time
A B C D
B
[解析] 从各段大意来看,全文可分为四部分:第一、二段;第三段;第四、五段;第六至九段。这四部分分别讲述了如何高效工作,避免过于忙碌的四种方法。文中在每部分开头反复出现了语义相同的关键词,分别是to combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy“避免流于表面的忙碌”(暗示要高效深度工作,充分利用精力);to...get more done in less time“用更少的时间做更多的事”;to getting more done in less time;to make the most of our focus and energy“充分利用专注力和精力”。这四条关键信息都说明要充分利用精力和注意力,达到用更少时间做更多事的目的,B项复现关键信息getting more done in less time,故选B。
Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A~G for each numbered paragraphs (41~45). There are two extra subheading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. A. Just say it B. Be present C. Pay a unique compliment D. Name, places, things E. Find the "me too" s F. Skip the small talk G. Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link. You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link. Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers. 41 Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says "I want to talk with this person"—this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out. Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now! I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just now. So keep it simple: "Hi", "Hey" or "Hello"—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say "Hi". 42 It's a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk and you want to make this talk memorable. Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of "hi", "hello", "how are you?" and "what's going on? you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable. So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you'll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask. 43 When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you'll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier. 44 Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response "I can multitask". So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation. 45 You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward! So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about. When you remember such thing you can automatically become an investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going. That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!
1.
A
[解析] 这一部分的关键词是第四段的最后一句:just get it out“说出来就好”。文中反复出现想说又不敢说的词,如want to talk,want to say,stuck等,说明人们在交流时遇到的问题。第六段首句再次重申作者的建议:一旦你说出了第一个字(get the first word out),其他的一切便会顺其自然。综观各选项,只有A项“说出来吧”最贴近本段主题。Just say it是just get it out的同义表达,故选A。
2.
F
[解析] 第七段指出谈话时间有限,第八段列举了一系列浪费时间的谈话套路,最后一段建议询问更私人的问题,综合这一部分的内容可知,交谈应当舍弃聊天的套路,直奔重点,F项“跳过闲聊”与此相符。其中the small talk概括了“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“what's going on?”这些聊天套路,故选F。
3.
E
[解析] 本段的关键句是...find the things which you and that person have in common“找到你和对方拥有的共同点”,选项中与此相关的只有E项“找到‘我也是’的情况”。选项中的“me too”s是对原词things...in common的同义转述,故选E。
[解析] 这一部分的主题句在第14段首句:So,remember the little details of the people you met“所以,记住你见过的或和你说过话的人的小细节”。接着进一步举例这些细节包括places,things等等。D项“名称、地点、事物”复现了原词places和things,第13段提到的忘了名字的尴尬,因此有必要记得名字(name),故选D。
Section Ⅲ Translation Directions: Read the following text into Chinese. Write our translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks "astronaut" but quickly adds "scientist" to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a "no reading policy" at the dinner table. That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. "Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge," Gates says.
1. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to (1) apologize and explain the situation, and (2) suggest a future meeting. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.
[参考范文] Dear Professor Smith, How is your research coming along? I am looking forward to seeing the results after they are published. I regret to inform you that I will be unable to attend our scheduled meeting next week. My father has just been admitted to hospital with late-stage cancer, and I do not want to leave his bedside during this unfortunate time. I apologise for any inconvenience this may cause and hope we can arrange to meet at a later date when my personal circumstances permit me to travel. In the meantime, I am available to talk over the telephone if you would prefer. Please accept my sincerest apologies once again.
Kind regards, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you should (1) interpret the chart, and (2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素
[参考范文] This pie chart provides a breakdown of the factors that consumers take into account when selecting a restaurant to dine at in a Chinese city in 2017. According to it, unique feature is the leading factor that consumers would consider, accounting for 36.3%. This is followed by service (26.8%) and environment (23.8%). By contrast, price and other factors only represent 8.4% and 4.7% respectively. According to the available information, it can be surmised that the majority of consumers choose where to dine based on a restaurant's unique features. This suggests that people prefer restaurants that offer a type of cuisine or dining experience that cannot be enjoyed anywhere else. Interestingly, price ranks lower than all but "other factors", which indicates that consumers show little concern for cost provided that their primary needs are fulfilled. The result is not surprising, given that China's economy has exploded over the past few decades, so too have the disposable incomes and living standards of average Chinese people. As consumers become richer, they will be more demanding for higher quality of food and services, while paying less attention to price.