Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Directions: This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put clown your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test hay started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A For Questions 1--5, you will hear the following passage. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only I word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.
[解析] 1-5 As is known to all, scientists and philosophers had studied the human body and its functions from very early times. Unfortunately, many of the ideas and theories, correct or incorrect, were accepted without question for a great number of years. But by the 16th century, knowledge gained through chemical experiments was beginning to make some people think more deeply about how the human body works. A most important medical discovery was made by William Harvey in 1628. He found out that the blood is circulated round the body in one direction only by the pumping action of the heart. It had previously been incorrectly thought that the blood moved with a backward and forward motion. Early in the 17th century a new instrument came into use that was to open up a whole new area in the study of medical and scientific matters. This was the microscope. The first instruments were not very efficient. They were able to magnify only a very small part of the object and this was always surrounded by rings of colored light. Nevertheless a great step forward had been taken which was of vital importance for future research and development.
2.
experiments
3.
1628
4.
heart
5.
microscope
Part B For Questions 6--10, you will hear the following passage. While you listen, complete the sentences and answer the question. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.
[解析] 6-10 Darwin was a great scientist. He studied living things in the world. He said, "There are thousands of living things. But in the past, the number was smaller. In the far past, a still smaller number. In the beginning--perhaps only one." Darwin waited a long time before he put these things into a book. He always tried to add more and more facts: he wanted his ideas about evolution to be right. It took him many years to write the book. On the first day, people bought every copy. The men of the churches fought against Darwin's ideas. His story of the world was different from theirs. So either Darwin or the men of the churches must be wrong. But the churches did not bring any new facts, or better ideas. They only brought angry words. Later, Darwin wrote a book about the evolution of man. He said that man is also a kind of animal. And again, Darwin did not just write down his own ideas. He filled his book with facts. We know now that he was tight. There have been men for more than a million years. We have found some of their bones. Bones have told us a lot about the evolution of living things. Like any other animals, man slowly changed through time. But we cannot find the bones of man from a few million years ago. There were not any men at that time. The world's animals were different then. But the bones can take us backwards through time--into the past. And they can help us with our study of the evolution of life.
2. Those who fought against Darwin's ideas were the men of
the churches
3. Later, Darwin wrote a book about the
evolution of man
4. Darwin filled his book with facts instead of just writing down
his own ideas
5. There have been men for more than
a million years
Part C You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
Questions 11--13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.
1. Which is not mentioned in the passage as an aspect that farming activities are damaging?
A.Soil.
B.Human population.
C.Forests.
D.Water Supplies.
A B C D
B
[解析] 11-13 Experts say some farming activities are seriously damaging Earth's environment. Bad farming methods can damage soil, forests and water supplies. They also have caused some plants and animals to disappear. Two groups now say that bad farming methods are threatening the ability of farmers to produce enough food to feed the world's population in the future. The groups used satellite images, maps and modern equipment to study the effect of agriculture on the environment. The study found that the destruction of soil is widespread. Important organic nutrients are being removed from farmland. Agriculture uses 70% of the freshwater in the world each year. The study found that many farmers are wasting water supplies. In addition, chemicals designed to protect crops may pollute waterways. The report also says as much as 30% of the world's forests have been cut down so that the land could be used for agriculture. This has led to a severe loss of wildlife and their environments.
2. How can the group carry out their studies?
A.By using satellite images, maps, etc.
B.By studying specific farming methods.
C.By studying the variation of human population.
D.By analyzing the quality of crops.
A B C D
A
3. According to this passage, why the farming activities can affect the animals?
A.By fuming them farming.
B.By affecting the quality of soil.
C.By adding chemicals and polluting the waterways.
D.By affecting the environments they live in.
A B C D
D
Questions 14--16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.
1. Why are American scientists developing these maps?
A.To estimate the extreme weather.
B.To develop the satellite technology.
C.To improve agricultural output.
D.To learn how to change information to maps more efficiently.
A B C D
A
[解析] 14-16 American scientists are developing maps that can identify areas of future flooding. The maps also may help scientists estimate the possibility of extremely dry weather and severe storms. Tom Jackson of the United States Department of Agriculture prepared the maps after the April flood. He used in- formation provided by satellites in Earth orbit. The maps are produced from dish receivers on the satellites. Each dish receiver measures the wetness of the soil by capturing the natural release of microwave radiation from the soil. The receivers turn rapidly. This provides complete coverage of each area the satellite passes over. Mr. Jackson and other scientists have tested Aqua's equipment in airplanes and satellites flying over several states. The scientists use the tests to develop ways to change the information gathered into maps. Mr. Jackson now plans to compare the microwave dish receiver findings with information from tests on Earth's soil, He will use instruments at Agricultural Research Service centers in 4 states. He also will study information pro- vided by forty ground observation centers across the country.
2. How can the satellites catch the information about the soil?
A.By turning the intensity of sunshine into maps;
B.By analyzing the recent weather report.
C.By capturing the microwave radiation from the soil.
D.By analyzing information provided by ground observation centers.
A B C D
C
3. What is the future work planned to do?
A.To acquire information from satellites more efficiently.
B.To realize full coverage of area the satellite passes over
C.To build more ground observation centers.
D.To compare satellite information with those from ground.
A B C D
D
Questions 17--20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.
[解析] 17-20 Scientists say sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. They also say there are more than 350 different kinds of sharks. Sharks do not have bones, and a shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. Sharks also sense electrical and magnetic power linked to nerves and muscles of living animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. Some sharks will eat just about anything. Many unusual things have been found in the stomachs of some tiger sharks. They include shoes, dogs, a cow's foot and metal protective clothing. About 40% of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies like humans do. Scientists are beginning to understand the importance of sharks to humans. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense system against disease. They know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Sharks appear never to suffer infections, cancer or heart diseases.
2. How can sharks find their quarries?
A.By good sense of water waves made by quarries.
B.By good sense of smell and electrical and magnetic power.
C.By good sense of light.
D.By good sense of blood.
A B C D
B
3. In which point some sharks are similar with humans?
A.Bone structure.
B.Smell ability.
C.Birth mode.
D.Recovery ability against disease.
A B C D
C
4. Why sharks are useful for humans?
A.Their tasty meat.
B.The principle of their defense system against disease.
C.Their solid skin.
D.The principle of their birth modes.
A B C D
B
Section Ⅱ Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. Most people would be 1 by the high quality of medicine 2 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 3 to the individual, a 4 amount of advanced technical equipment, and 5 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 6 in the courts if they 7 things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 8 health care is organized and 9 . 10 to public belief it is not just a free competition system. Besides the private system there has been a large public system, because private care was simply not 11 the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, 12 this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars--mom than 10 per cent of the U. S. Budget--large numbers of Americans are left 13 . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 14 income fixed by a government trying to make savings wherever they can. The basic problem, however, is that them is no central control 15 the health system. There is no 16 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a heart attack, or a sick child, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is 17 up. Two thirds of the population 18 covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 19 that the insurance, company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent--about twice as fast as prices 20 general.
1.
A.compressed
B.impressed
C.obsessed
D.repressed
A B C D
B
[解析] compress意为“挤压，压缩”；impress意为“影响，给某人以深刻印象”；obsess意为“迷住，使困扰”。例如：He was obsessed with the idea．他一心想着那个念头。repress意为“压制(感情等)，镇压”。
Part A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special-interest groups, and opinion leaders. Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white-collar workers, nonunion workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full-time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one's view of current events. The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mall from the public tends to "follow the headlines". Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions. The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today's elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "fireside chats," presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs. Special-interest groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens' organizations that lobbied to halt the use of nuclear power. During the 1960s the American Medical Association conducted an unsuccessful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare. Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, show business personalities, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel Prize winners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.
1. How many factors could shape public opinion, as mentioned in the text?
A.2.
B.3.
C.4.
D.5.
A B C D
C
[解析] 由第一段末尾可以看出影响公众意见的因素有四个。
2. The second paragraph is mainly about ______.
A.the influence of gender on people's view
B.the influence of people's status on their view
C.the influence of living standard on people's view
D.the influence of different jobs on people's view
Text 2 The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground 3 national flag-carriers and force two American airlines into bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry's problems are deeper and older than the trauma of the past two years implies. As the centenary of the first powered flight approached in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carders and another 500--plus domestic ones. The world's biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world's biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world's automobile market. Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else deals between governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aims to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline mergers. In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London's Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways. In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a "compressed evolutionary cycle". So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after 5 years of accelerated development?
1. According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry ______.
Text 3 Media mogul Ted Turner yesterday sold more than half of his AOL Time Warner Inc. holdings for about $ 780 million, a move that reflects his efforts to slash his financial stake in the media giant. After the close of regular trading yesterday, Turner sold a block of 60 million shares to Goldman Sachs & Co. for $ 13.07 per share, or 31 cents below the stock's closing price yesterday. Goldman was said by Wall Street sources to be offering the stock to major investors for $ 13.15. An outspoken critic of the corporation, Turner remains AOL Time Warner's largest individual shareholder, with 45 million shares, and a member of its board of directors. A spokeswoman for Turner referred questions to AOL Time Warner. At his peak Turner owned about 130 million shares, but he lost billions of dollars in wealth and grew bitter after the stock plunged following the merger of America Online and Time Warner in January 2001. Turner, who initially supported the merger, later expressed outrage over revelations that America Online had manipulated its financial results. The Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating AOL, and the corporation has acknowledged discovering tens of millions of dollars of overstated revenue. Turner resigned as vice chairman earlier this year and has been spending less of his time on AOL Time Warner matters. He stepped down after achieving his goal of pressuring America Online founder Steve Case to resign as the corporation's chairman. Case said he was giving up the post to avoid a braising public battle for reelection at next week's annual meeting. In the effort to oust Case, Turner teamed up with Gordon Crawford, the senior media portfolio manager at Capital Research & Management, the largest institutional shareholder in AOL Time Warner. Capital Research has indicated it will vote against Case's election to remain on the board of directors next week--a position that analysts said should not affect the outcome. Turner, meanwhile, has said he will support the management slate that includes Case and will make Richard D. Parsons the company's chairman and chief executive. Turner, a visionary who started Cable News Network, is in the midst of rolling out a new chain of restaurants, Ted's Montana Grill, featuring bison burgers. He recently moved his residence from Georgia to Florida for estate planning purposes and is spending time and money on his independent film company, which lost millions of dollars on a lengthy movie about the Civil War.
1. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ______.
A.Goldman has made a profit from this transaction of shares with Turner
B.Turner always expresses his dissatisfaction with the corporation openly
C.Goldman bought the block of shares in order to become a member of the board
D.Turner sold a large portion of his shares to retreat from the media business
A B C D
B
[解析] 由文章第三段第一句话可知。其他选项文中没有提到。
2. Turner became extremely angry because ______.
A.he had to sell a large portion of his shares to Goldman at a loss
B.the merger covered the dissatisfactory financial results of AOL
C.American Online was found to have exaggerated its revenue
D.he lost billions of dollars in wealth due to the stock's going low
A B C D
C
[解析] 由第五段可知，特纳生气的原因是公司夸大了财政收入。
3. All of the following about Case are true EXCEPT ______.
A.he stepped down after achieving his goal
B.he used to be the chairman of AOL Time Warner
C.he had to resign from his post under pressure from Turner and Crawford
D.he will meet with opposition from Capital Research to remain on the board
A B C D
A
[解析] 选项A是特纳做的事情而不是凯斯做的。
4. The last paragraph shows that ______.
A.Turner's interest is presently centered on Chain restaurants
B.Turner is such a changeable person on business matters
C.Turner will never give up his independent film company
D.Turner is a businessman full of imagination
A B C D
D
[解析] visionary意为“有远见的人，爱幻想的人”。
5. The main idea for this passage could be ______.
A.Turner makes a series of new decisions
B.Tamer shows his anger at AOL Time Warner
C.Turner comes down from his peak in business
D.Turner slashes his financial stake in AOL
A B C D
D
[解析] 文章第一段就点出了全文的主要内容。
Text 4 To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860's to the mid-1880's, 3 primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni (校友) and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college's poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty. The old style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of 35, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the progressive forces. 5 revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot's administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law and medicine, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 187,2-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up: science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law.
1. Which of the following is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A.To present the history of Harvard College and compare it with that of Yale University.
B.To criticize the conditions of the U.S. universities in the 19th century.
C.To describe innovations in the U.S. higher education in the later 1800's.
D.To introduce what was happening in major U. S. universities before the mm of the century.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本文主要是描写了19世纪后半期美国高等教育的改革。
2. According to the passage, the educational changes were the result of ______.
A.plans developed by conservative and church leaders
B.efforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational system
C.the demands of social organization seeking financial relief
D.rallies held by westerners wanting to compete with eastern schools
5. Which of the following subjects was not included in those new courses of study?
A.Theology.
B.Physics.
C.International law.
D.Music.
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章的最后一句提到一些新的学科，其中没有A项。
Part B Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or another. Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency. 61) Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken for granted. Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside? 62) The most obvious answer is that because of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come. However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business. If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong? Computers have many uses, varying form pure accounting or back-office systems to stock or production control, or computer-aided design or manufacturing. 63) In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business. The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers has been theft. 64) Initially the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no back-ups of date or programs. The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock-down plates or cables. 65) However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. This led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes.
[解析] 这是一个并列复合句，前后两句由and连接。句架是there are many tasks．．．and we have reached the point that…。在前面的句子里，that引导定语从句，修饰tasks；在后面的句子里that引导的名词性从句是point的同位语从句。句子中take…for granted是“理所当然”的意思。
[解析] 这是一个并列复合句，前后两句由but连接。句架是manual systems can quickly be introduced to．．．but．．．if the computer is down，so is the business。后半句是一个主从复合句，主句是so is the business。
[解析] 这是一个并列复合句，前后两个句子由and连接。句架是the problem was the theft．．．and because．．．losses mounted very quickly。在后面的句子里，主句是losses mounted very quickly，because引导原因状语从句，which引导定语从句。
[解析] 这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由so连接。句架是the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that．．．so when caught the police have trouble．．．。在前面句子里that引导realise的宾语从句；后面句子里when caught是省略形式，即when the thief was caught。
Section Ⅳ Writing
1. You are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Deal with Personal Crisis. Your composition should contain the following points: (1) The causes for personal crisis. (2) Ways to cope with personal crisis. You should write 160--200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
How to Deal with Personal Crisis
Since different person may come across different crisis, it is difficult to answer why personal crisis will happen and what leads to the situation. It depends. But the main origins and causes can be concluded in the following 3 aspects: lack of strong mind and personal incompetence to overcome difficulty, disadvantageous surroundings, and bad luck. Only when one person does well in all these three aspects, can he or she avoid personal crisis. But anyway, all that is in danger is not lost. Every cloud has a silver lining. One will surely come out from the crisis if he masters the right methods. At first, he should envisage the crisis with the right eye. And then, he should be strongly-minded and be perseverant all the time. Thirdly, he should try his best to improve relation with his boss, colleagues, partners, friends, and his family members in order to get a better surrounding. At last, he should try to grasp every chance to make progress. In this way, the crisis can be transferred to success.
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