英译汉1. When Chou En-lai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties.
Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.
Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yatsen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.
As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members, but Chu's membership was kept a secret from outsiders.
General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, "so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders." There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them rich men's sons with whom he might have associated in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent his time studying hungrily, avidly, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.
当周恩来打开门时,他们看到的是一个身材瘦长、比普通人略高一点的人,两眼闪着光辉,面容很引人注意,称的上清秀。可是那是个男子汉的面孔,严肃而聪颖,朱德看他大概是二十五六岁的年龄。
周恩来举止幽雅,待人体贴,在招呼他们坐下询问有何见教的时候,甚至还有些腼腆。
朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正的站在比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调,说明自己的身份,说明过去做过什么事情,怎样怎样逃出云南,怎样拜会孙中山,怎样在上海被陈独秀拒之门外,怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和探求中国新的革命道路而来到欧洲。他要求加入中国共产党在柏林的党组织,他一定努力学习和工作,派他做什么都行,只要不再回到旧生活里去,旧的生活已经在他的脚下化为尘埃了!
他娓娓而谈,周恩来就站在他面前,习惯地侧着头,一直听到朱德把话讲完,才提出问题。两位来客把经历说完,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,帮他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续,在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂作候补党员。过了几个月回信来了,两个人都被吸收为正式党员,但朱德的党籍没有对外公开。
朱将军解释说,这一措施是必要的,因为他原来是滇军将领,而且是资格颇老的国民党员,有朝一日,很可能被共产党派回云南去工作;虽然没有公开自己的共产党员身份,朱将军说他已经跟自己过去的生活以及旧社会的方方面面都断绝了联系,“从而卸下了沉重的包袱”。那时,德国有好几百名中国留学生,很多是富家子弟,在过去,可能会跟他们有许多交往。现在他则避之惟恐不及;而和其他留学生——有些几乎可以做他的儿子——在一起,如饥似渴地钻研学问。
2. While America rebuilds at home, we will not shrink from the challenges nor fail to seize the opportunities of this new world. Together with our friends and allies, we will work together to shape change, lest it engulf us. When our vital interests are challenged, or the will and conscience of the international community is defied, we will act; with peaceful diplomacy whenever possible, with force when necessary. The brave Americans serving our nation today in the Persian Gulf, in Somalia, and wherever else they stand, are testament to ore resolve, but our greatest strength is the power of our ideas, which are still new in many lands. Across the world, we see them embraced and we rejoice. Our hopes, our hearts, our hands, are with those on every continent, who arc building democracy and freedom. Their cause is America's cause. The American people have summoned the change we celebrate today. You have raised your voices in an unmistakable chorus, you have cast your votes in historic numbers, you have changed the face of congress, the presidency, and the political process itself:
我们在国内进行重建的同时,面对这个新世界的挑战不会退缩不前,也不会坐失良机。我们将同盟友一起努力进行变革,以免被变革所吞没。当我们的重要利益受到挑战,或者,当国际社会的意志和良知受到蔑视,我们将采取行动——可能时就采用和平外交手段,必要时就使用武力。今天,在波斯湾、索马里和任何其他地方为国效力的勇敢的美国人,都证明了我们的决心。但是,我们最伟大的力量是我们思想的威力。这些思想在许多国家仍然处于萌芽阶段。看到这些思想在世界各地被接受,我们感到欢欣鼓舞。我们的希望,我们的心,与每一个大陆正在建立民主和自由的人们是连在一起的。他们的事业也是美国的事业。美国人民唤来了我们今天所庆祝的变革。你们毫不含糊地齐声疾呼。你们以前所未有的人数参加了投票。你们使国会、总统职务和政治进程本身全都面目一新。
3. Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours' guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death's certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they're doing something about it by signing living Wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.
大多数人对医学手段死亡心存恐惧,然而大约半数的美国人最终却都在医院死亡。死亡时,各种医疗橡胶管乱成一片,死者周围环绕着令人焦虑的科技产品。他们独自遭受着刺目的看护病房里的不适,它们最后数小时的生命旅程在那些高度专业化的陌生人的指引下进行。似乎没有人知道什么时候最终向死亡屈服,那些机械而无情的程序剥夺了人类自然死亡的舒适和尊严。许多恐惧那种死亡的人认为他们目前正在进行的努力,如签署遗嘱、明确表达个人死亡意向等,能够对他们有所帮助。但上周美国医疗协会期刊对临危病人的一个大范围调查却揭示了上述努力的徒劳。尽管病人们向往和平、舒适的死亡,希望在生命的最后几个小时里有家人的温馨陪护,希望免于苦痛,但令人吃惊的是他们中极少有人能够实现这一愿望。
4. A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England's policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles Ⅱ, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685, as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England's possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government". Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb's view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison", that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor's command.
一个对于后来成了美国的英国殖民地的历史的长久以来的观点,认为英国在1763年以前对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配,而且认为一种向着更大程度帝国制度的政策上的转变——为扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了最终导致美国革命的紧张气氛。在最近的一项研究中,斯蒂芬·桑德斯·韦伯对上述观点提出了严峻的挑战。韦伯认为,在美国独立战争之前的一个多世纪中,英国早就实施着一种军事专制政策。他将1660年至1685年期间在任的英国君主查理二世视为十六世纪都铎君主和奥立维·克伦威尔的一脉相承的继承者,所有这些人都殚精竭虑地想通过韦伯所谓的“军事集权政府”,扩展英国对其属地的中央集权化的行政控制权。军事集权政府允许殖民地民众拥有一个立法议会;但真正的权力,在韦伯看来,属于殖民地总督,而该总督则由英王任命,并得到“驻守部队”的拥护,该驻守部队,是由殖民地总督一手指挥的当地英军分遣队。
5.
Can Asia's Four Tigers Be Tamed?
In the early years of his administration, President Reagan praised Asia's Four Tiger-South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore—for their hardworking, competitive spirit and their successful record of free-enterprise economic development. Now that goodwill has turned into frustration. From 6.1 billion in 1981, the U.S. deficit with Asia's four newly industrialized countries last year reached 37 billion, or 22% of the total U.S. trade deficit. The tigers have derived most of their growing prosperity from their access to the U.S. economy. But as Washington puts more and more pressure on them to open their markets and revalue their currencies, the four are resisting.
On Jan.29, the U.S. signaled that it is adopting a tougher policy toward the Tigers. President Reagan's decision to take special duty-free privileges away from the four next year means that they have emerged as a U.S. political issue on a par with Japan. Indeed, if the Tigers' share of the U.S. trade gap keeps growing at its current pace. American imports from them will overtake those from Japan sometime next time.
能驯服亚洲四小龙吗?
里根总统在执政初期对亚洲四小龙(南朝鲜、台湾、香港和新加坡)的勤勉、竞争精神和发展市场经济的成就颇为赞赏。现在那种友善的态度已变成了懊丧。1981年,美国与亚洲新兴的四个工业化国家和地区的贸易逆差为56.1亿美元,去年却达到了537亿美元,占美国全部贸易逆差的22%。四小龙不断取得繁荣的最主要原因是他们直接受益于美国经济。然而,当华盛顿对它们施加越来越大的压力,以逼迫其开放本国市场并要求对货币重新估值时,四小龙却予以抵制。
1月29号,美国表示将对四小龙采取更为强硬的政策。里根总统决定明年取消对四小龙的特别关税待遇,这意味着它们已经像日本一样成为美国的政治问题。毫无疑问,如果四小龙在美国全部贸易逆差中的份额以目前的速度继续增长,那么在明年的某个时候,美国从四小龙的进口额会超过从日本的进口额。