Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Part Ⅴ Writing1.
Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay. 很多人不重视早餐,常常是随便凑合一下或者干脆不吃。其实早餐对保障人体健康、维持体能、提高学习和工作效率有着至关重要的作用。不仅如此,专家还认为,应该根据人的不同年龄和体质状况,科学合理地搭配早膳,以满足人体健康的需要。
幼儿的早餐
幼儿正值生长发育的旺盛时期,应当注重补充丰富的蛋白质和钙(calcium),尽量少吃含糖较高的食物,以免引起龋齿(decayed tooth)和肥胖。如果在条件许可的情况下,幼儿的早餐通常以适量的牛奶、鸡蛋和面包为佳。当然,也可以用果汁或粥来代替牛奶,或者用饼干、馒头代替面包。
青少年的早餐
青少年时期身体发育较快,是肌肉和骨骼生长的重要时期,需要足够的钙、维生素C、维生素A等营养成分,尤其是要保证充足的热量供应。青少年比较合理的早餐是一杯牛奶、适量的新鲜水果或蔬菜、100克干点(面包、馒头、大饼或饼干等含碳水化合物(carbohydrate)较高的食品)。所含的热量要充分满足青少年脑力活动与体力活动的需要。
中年人的早餐
人到中年,肩挑工作、家务两副重担,身心的负荷相当重,加上中年时期组织器官的功能和生理功能日渐减退,其体力和精力都不如青少年。为了减缓中年人衰退的过程,推迟“老年期”的到来,除了要保持乐观的思想情绪和进行必要的体育锻炼之外,合理地搭配膳食也非常重要。中年人的饮食,既要含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素、钙、磷(phosphorus)等,还应保证低热量、低脂肪并适当地控制碳水化合物的摄入量。中年人较理想的早餐是:鸡蛋、豆浆或粥、干点(馒头、大饼、饼干和面包均可)和适量的蔬菜。
老年人的早餐
老年人的新陈代谢(metabolism)已经明显衰退,但必需的营养成分不能减少,尤其是要保证钙的供应,以防止老年人的骨质疏松(osteoporosis)。老年人的早餐除了供应牛奶和豆浆以外,还可多吃粥、面条、肉松和花生酱等既容易消化、又含有丰富营养的食物。除此以外,老年人的早餐应注意少吃油炸类食品。因为这类食物脂肪含量高胃肠一般难以承受,容易出现消化不良,并易诱发胆、胰疾患,或使这类疾病复发、加重。多次使用的油里往往含有较多的致癌物质,如果常吃油炸的食品,可增加患癌症的危险。老年人还要少吃甜食,因为多余的糖在体内转化为脂肪,容易引起无机盐缺乏。动物内脏类如肝、肾、脑等胆固醇(cholesterol)含量甚高,老年人如经常食用,会使血中胆固醇增高,从而容易引发冠心病、肝病、动脉硬化、高血压等心脑血管疾病,或使原有的疾病加重。
[范文]
Many people are likely to ignore the importance of breakfast, and even skip breakfast. Actually breakfast plays vital roles in people's health and they are significant in work and study and many other ways. Proper breakfast should be based on their physical health conditions and age.
Infants are in the stage of rapid growth, therefore they should consume enough protein and calcium and intake less high-sugar food to avoid decayed teeth and obesity. Milk, eggs and bread are optimal food for breakfast.
Adolescence is a critical period for the growth of muscles and bones. Adequate calcium, Vitamin C and Vitamin A are necessarily required. Milk, fresh fruit and vegetable along with food with carbohydrate can meet the requirement of mental and physical activities.
Due to the aging-body, many middle-aged people suffer from decline in organ function and they have less energy than ever before. In this case, food for their breakfast should be high in protein, vitamin, calcium and phosphorus and they should control the intake of carbohydrate properly. It is suggested that they can have eggs, soybean milk, porridge together with bread and vegetable for breakfast.
Old people's metabolism has declined greatly but the adequate nutrients should not be reduced, especially the supply of calcium, in order to prevent osteoporosis. In addition to milk, soybean milk as well as food easily digested are recommended, such as porridge, noodles.
[解析] 审题时要着重注意题目要求,不能遗漏要点和信息,合理组织语言。这是一篇阐述早餐的重要性的说明文,首先要点题说明应该根据人的不同年龄和体质状况,科学合理地搭配早膳,以满足人体健康的需要。随后,以分段阐述的方式,依次说明在各个年龄段应该如何科学合理地搭配早膳。