Racing is a competition of speed. There are many kinds of racing 1 almost every means of transportation and physical activity. There are races on foot, 2 vehicles of all kinds and on horses. There are races between animals—large and small horses, dogs and even frogs. Sometimes prizes are 3 for victory, but often the pleasure is enough 4 . Foot racing was a major sport at the ancient Greek Olympic games. 5 were rewarded and honored by the people. This sport was 6 at the Roman games. Foot racing is a sport in which 7 is often important. In 8 the competitors run the course as fast as they can but in longer 9 ; they must save enough strength to end the race in a strong finish. As various machines 10 for speed were developed, man raced them. He has raced boats, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles and airplanes. Most races involve direct 11 by the participants. They start at the same time from a starting 12 . The first to 13 the finish line is the winner. However, 14 starts are dangerous in some races, such as skiing. In these 15 competitors run the course individually. The person or team to complete the course in the 16 time is the winner. Relay race are 17 races. Each team member races the same distance. As the first man finishes, the second 18 . This continues 19 each team member completes his part of the race. Victory is awarded to the team 20 to an individual.
The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep 21 with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides 22 the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and 23 what extent this 24 can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 25 of growing importance in industry where automation 26 round-the-clock working of machines. It normally 27 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 28 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. 29 , it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner 30 used to one routine 31 he has to change to another, 32 much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very 33 . One answer would seem to be 34 periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. 35 , recent research has shown that people on such systems will 36 to go back to their 37 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any 38 to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to 39 the night shift to those permanent night workers whose 40 may persist through all week-ends and holidays.
名词辨析。前文提到了human daily cycle of activity，因此可推知此处仍然讲述的是该活动周期。cycle意为“周期，循环期”；period意为“期间，一段时间”；circle意为“周期，圆”；round意为“圆形物，球状物”。
25.
A.problem
B.difficulty
C.trouble
D.matter
A B C D
D
名词辨析。a matter of growing importance重要性日益增长的问题。problem更侧重强调“需要解决或供讨论的难题，难以处理的事情，令人棘手的问题”；difficulty意为“困难”；trouble意为“麻烦”。上白班和上夜班只是事实，并不能构成困难，麻烦，故排除difficulty，trouble。
动词辨析。考查词汇用法。take和spend都可表示花时间做某事。take一般由形式主语it引导，用于句型it takes sb. sometime to do sth花费某人多长时间做某事。而spend的主语通常是人，用语句型sb. spend some time to do sth.根据上下文可知选A。
逻辑关系。前文讲述“适应颠倒的作息规律通常要花费5至7天时间”，本句提到“工厂作息每周都改变”，也就是说一个人刚适应了新的作息，就又要换新的作息制度，这会导致工作效率的低下。therefore因此，所以。in a word总之，总结。in comparison对比，与……作比较。这两句之间的关系不是因果，总结也不是比较。故选B。
During McDonald's early years French fries were made from 41 every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were 42 , cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. 43 the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and 44 that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald's began 45 to frozen French fries in 1966—and few customers noticed the 46 . 47 , the change had a 48 effect on the nation's agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial 49 . McDonald's fries now come from huge manufacturing plants 50 can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion 51 McDonald's and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The taste of McDonald's French fries played a crucial role in the chain's success—fries are much more profitable than hamburgers—and was 52 praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their 53 taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald's 54 , the technology that 55 them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other 56 use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the 57 large processing companies, and have similar 58 in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is 59 determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 percent cottonseed oil and 93 percent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique 60 .
A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must 61 data both on the resources of consumers and on the motive that 62 encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, 63 incomes, or decreasing incomes—he would probably answer, those with 64 incomes. 65 the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were 66 and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional 67 about earning and spending are not always 68 . Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will 69 to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always 70 . The expectations of price increases may not 71 buying. One typical attitude was expressed 72 the wife of a mechanic in an 73 at a time of rising prices. "In a few months," she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this 74 . Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer's 75 may be produced. This is shown by the following 76 comment: "I just don't pay these prices; they are too high." The investigations mentioned above were 77 in America; condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are 78 , they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of 79 stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer 80 .
词义辨析题。hasten to do sth.，意为“急忙去做某事”。rush to do sth.意为“匆忙去做某事”，强调仓促行事。hesitate to do sth.意为“犹豫不决做某事”；dash to do sth.意为“冲去做某事”，强调动作迅速。此处说的是“另一种传统的假设是，如果那些有钱人预期价格会上涨时，他们会赶紧去购买。”
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