Like a bright pearl set on the Taihu Lake and situated in the center of the beautiful and fertile Changjiang Delta in southern Jiangsu Province, Wuxi is one of China's major tourist cities, with its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque scenery.

[解析] 选取最后一句作为句子主干(Wuxi is one of China's major tourist cities)，然后通过使用介词短语(with...，like...)、分词结构(...set...and situated...)、连词and组成的并列结构等来修饰主干，从而构成英语的“形合句”。
 

Cutting through the city is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, an ancient project equal in fame to the Great Wall. A trip along the river will enable the visitor to get to know the local customs and lifestyles of the river-side towns.

[解析] 原文前半句可采用倒装，从而使英语译文呈现“右分支”的特点。后半句是汉语中特有的“无主句”，关键在于构建句子的整体框架，确定译句中各个成分的位置，尤其是确定以什么作为英语主语。主语的添加有两种方法，一是依据原文，增添泛指代词作主语；另一种是找出原文深层结构中的主语，重排句子语序。原文后半句通过词类转换的技巧，将原句的动词短语“泛舟河上”转化为名词短语a trip along the river，以作为句子主语。原文亦可添加名词“旅游者”或人称代词“你”，译为：Tripping along the river，the visitors can get to know the local customers and lifestyles of the river-side towns.再如：
   必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。We must emphasize the seriousness of corruption and embezzlement among some high-ranking officials in China.
 

Seven kilometers from Wuxi downtown is a scenic area known as Meiliang, where the Taihu Lake is at its best with the vast expanse of blue waters dotted by fishing boats against an awesome backdrop of mist-shrouded hills/hazy blue mountains.

[解析] 汉语导游词中常用语义并列的四字成语，或采用对偶、排比等修辞。这样的行文形式整齐悦目，能增添语言的韵律美，呈现一种美的意境。但英译时需要“去虚就实”，把原文中本质的东西译出即可。“湖光山色”一词可译为a landscape of lakes and mountains，the natural beauty of lakes and mountains, a beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains, the lakeside scenery等。再如：
   蜿蜒曲折的钱塘江，穿过浙西的崇山峻岭来到这里，江面开阔，景色壮丽，特别是每年中秋前后有钱塘江潮，怒涛奔腾，激流汹涌，蔚为天下壮观。Ater winding through high mountain ridges of the western part of Zhejiang, Qiantang River becomes wider with a majestic scenery. Especially around the Moon Festival every year, one can enjoy the raging tidal bore, which is a most spectacular natural phenomenon.
   上句中“江面开阔，景色壮丽”形容钱塘江水的浩荡，而“怒涛奔腾，激流汹涌”描写钱塘江潮震慑人心的排山之势。英译用becomes wider with a majestic scenery和raging tidal bore表达这种蕴藏于大自然中的伟大力量，既符合原句意境，又不显重复。又如：这里溪水常流，石声水韵，空谷回音，叮咚悦耳，的确是令人向往的游览胜地。The sound of babbling water echoes in the valley, which deeply charms visitors, 句中“石声水韵，空谷回音，叮咚悦耳”描写溪水的声音，如逐字译出则可能显得冗长、繁杂，而用一个babbling来修饰水，再加上echo作谓语，整个句子简洁明快地表达了原文“静中有声，声中显静”的意境。
 

Among the scenic spots is included Yuantouzhu, a huge rock in the shape of a tortoise head. Overlooking the misty boundless Taihu Lake, the rock is lauded by Guo Moruo, a renowned Chinese poet, as "the best spot of the Taihu Lake".

[解析] 汉语无主句的英译中，译者可采取一些必要的技巧。英译上句时，可补充主语the rock，同时前半句译成分词结构，这符合英语句式形合特点。

Sunny and pleasant, the month of October in Shanghai saw over 1,300 participants from 35 countries and regions attend the last World Students of this century held in this city.

[解析] 译文使用了无灵主语句。其次，译文把四字结构“阳光明媚，秋高气爽”处理成英语形容词短语作状语sunny and pleasant，使得句子更为凝练。再如：
   他摔倒在地，便一命呜呼了。He fell to the ground, dead.
   他马上又爬起来，气喘吁吁，脸色苍白。He was up again at once, breathless and pale.
   他身无分文，把手表卖了。Penniless, he sold his watch.
 

Despite the short stay in Shanghai, the young people from various countries of the world were deeply impressed by Shanghai's landscape and traditional Chinese culture.

[解析] 现代英语大量的及物动词可以用被动式，不少相当于及物动词的短语也可用被动式。而现代汉语中诸如“被……”等相应结构的使用范围却有较大的限制，叙述一种行为时，常用主动式。
 

Whether visiting the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower on the Huangpu River or touring the City God Temple in a quiet corner of the city, they invariably marveled at the wonderful combination of tradition and modernity.

[解析] “结合”一词在英语中有多种译法，除combination以外，还可译成blend，combination， marriage，fusion，mix等。当然，具体翻译时还需注意文字的语体差异及是否需采用转义等用法，以及搭配等。
 

The profound traditional Chinese culture struck those foreigners as mysterious and novel. Their impression came from the short-time contact, but from then on, they will never forget such a nation in the East of the world.

[解析] “让”、“使”等使动词语除借助make外，还可采用其他一些英语表达方式。在表达使人产生某种心理变化的意念时，可用情感动词+sb.结构。具体包括以下词类：
   1)表示使惊讶的动词，如surprise，astonish，astound, shock，startle，stun，dumfound，stagger, flabbergast, strike等；
   2)表示使高兴的动词，如delight，please，satisfy，amuse等；
   3)表示恼火的动词，如annoy，irritate，vex，displease，nettle，bug，frustrate，exasperate， pester，gall等；
   4)表示使烦扰的动词，如trouble，disturb，bother，dismay，concern，worry，upset等；
   5)表示使感兴趣的动词，如interest，fascinate，intrigue，attract等；
   6)表示使兴奋感动的动词，如excite，thrill，exhilarate，move，touch等；
   7)表示使人困惑的动词，如confuse，puzzle，baffle，bewilder，throw，perplex等；
   8)表示使相信的动词，如convince，assure等；
   9)表示厌倦的动词，如bore，tire等；
   10)表示使恐惧害怕的动词，如frighten，scare，terrify，spook，alarm，daunt，horrify，rattle等等；
   11)表示愤怒的动词，如anger，infuriate，enrage，madden，rile等；
   12)表示使失望泄气的动词，如disappointment，dishearten，discourage，disillusion等。
   “民族”一词的翻译从二十世纪50年代至80年代初一直沿用前苏联的用法，译为 nationality，把“中国各族人民”译成the Chinese people of all nationalities，“各少数民族”译为the minority nationalities/ethnic minority/national minority，“党的民族政策”译为the Party's nationalities policy。“多民族的国家”译为the multi-national state。nationality的含义在二战后已经有了变化。该词不再单指民族，而更多的是指“国籍”。在国外人类学文献中，“民族”一词的表述是ethnic group or community。nationality除了指“国籍”和“民族”外，还有“国民”和“国家”的意思，有时又与nation通用。如将“民族”译为nationality，易引起误解。随着时代的变化，过去的译法应予纠正。按照国际上一般的做法，将“民族”一词译为ethnic group or community较为适宜。但是，这并不意味着凡遇到“民族”一词，一律译成ethnic group，而应根据上下文来确定。如指的是整个中华民族的团结，就应译为national unity or unity of the Chinese nation。如是指各民族之间的团结，则应译为unity among ethnic groups。

The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course.

[解析] “博大精深”和“源远流长”分别译成形容词extensive and profound，及动词短语start far back and run a long, long course。
 

As far back as more than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, "the masters' hundred schools."

[解析] “早在2000多年前”可译为as far back as more than 2000 years ago，较简单的译法more than 2000 years ago也可接受。另外，许多中国历史名人的名字早已采用威妥玛一翟理斯拼音法译成英文，在国外流传已久。文中出现的Confucius(孔子)和Mencius(孟子)即是采用该译法而不改回汉语拼音的例证，若译为Kong Zi或Kong Qiu，会被误认为是中国历史上另一位名人。其他我们熟悉的采用该拼音法的人名英译有：孙中山Sun Yat-sen，宋庆龄Soong Ching-ling，毛译东Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)，蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek，董建华Tung Chee-hwa等。还有一些中国人名英译采取音译形式，比如上文的老子(Lao Tze)，庄子(chuang Tse)。再如：杜甫(Tu Fu)，荀子(Xun Zi)，蒲松龄(Pu Songling)，司马迁(Sima Qian)，吴承恩(Wu Cheng'en)等。至于关于汉语“学说”一词的翻译，如是单独出现，泛指一切学说，可用theory一词翻译，如专指某个学说，比如上文的儒家学说或道家学说，可用英语后缀-ism表示，如上文Confucianism和Taoism。
 

From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic.

[解析] 由后缀范畴词“性”构成的词汇在现代汉语中使用广泛。这类词表义简洁、使用经济、功能多样。带词缀“性”的词语的翻译主要在词汇层面进行，一般情况下以直译为主。但由于它在汉语中可作不同的句子成分，翻译时也应适当选用英语中具有相应词性的词语或短语。如找不到对等词，则可采用意译，或把直译与意译有机结合起来。上文中的“人民性”和“民主性”用作形容词，可译成与其对应的形容词。此处，即译成表语形容词populist和democratic。再如：
   李忠见鲁达凶猛，敢怒而不敢言，只得赔笑道：“好急性的人。”Li Zhong was angry, but he dare not protest. Lu Da was obviously much too fierce. "How impatient you are!" Li said with a placating smile.
   此外，有时可通过调整句子结构，将汉语中作宾语的带词缀“一性”的抽象名词译成英语的表语形容词。如：
   全党同志要牢牢把握这个根本要求，不断增强贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的自觉性和坚定性。
   All Party members must be keenly aware of the basic requirement and become more conscious and determined in implementing this important thought.
   在这个问题上，他的建议颇具建设性。His suggestion on this question is extremely constructive.
   当由词缀“-性”构成的词修饰名词时，前者明显具形容词特征，表示限定关系，如“突破性进展”、“决定性胜利”等。带“-性”的名词一般译成英语的限定性形容词。如：历史性贡献historic contribution，基础性作用essential role。带词缀“-性”的汉语词多是抽象名词。其中不少属范畴词，主要功能是表明词性或调节语气。以抽象名词译抽象名词，直译是首选。如：
   保持党同人民群众的血肉联系，保持党的先进性、纯洁性和团结统一。The Party must keep its flesh-and-blood ties with the people as well as its progressiveness, purity, solidarity and unity.
   离开发展，坚持党的先进性、发挥社会主义制度的优越性和实现民富国强都无从谈起。
   Without development, it would be impossible to maintain the progressiveness of the Party, give play to the superiority of the socialist system, and make the objective of Prosperity of China a reality.
   汉语存在着带词缀“-性”的名词，后加助词“地”修饰谓语动词这种用法。这里可以把带词缀“-性”的名词理解为形容词，后可加“地”。由此可将其译为相应的英语副词。如：
   这个方案永久性地解决了长期困扰两国的边界问题。The plan solves the border problem which troubles the two countries permanently.
   在庆祝会上，从来不沾酒的他也象征性地喝了一杯。At the celebration Party, he, who had never drunk, also had a glass oF wine symbolically.
 

For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that the world is for all, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, "everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country" and long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education.

[解析] 原文中有多个四字习语，其中包括成语(吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教、天下为公)和格言(天下兴亡，匹夫有责)。习语的翻译不只是单纯的文字转换，更多的是文化内涵的移植。文化含义在习语的翻译中具有重要作用。译文灵活采用了直译、意译、直译和意译结合的方法，力争达到原文与译文在内容和形式上的完美对等。
 

All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.

[解析] “维系”和“调节”在英译文中分别转译为动词bind和regulate。

It is said that Shanghai men make the best husbands. They know how to please their wives and avoid conflicts so that happiness pervades their families.

[解析] “一家人其乐融融”可译成Happiness pervades/permeates their family.这样就把本来由动词(或形容词)表达的概念用抽象名词来表达，这也符合现代英语“名词化”趋势。汉译英时可将汉语谓语译成英语的主语。又如：
   她又惊又怕，加上几分担忧，心情十分抑郁。Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror oppressed her.
   可是这件事，我们怎么也回忆不起来。But no such recollection befriended us.
   我深信，在专题讨论会进行期间，我去上海一事，不会使你承担任何令人不惬意的义务或令人不愉快的责任。It is also my firm conviction that my presence in the city of Shanghai during the time when the symposium is in progress will not entail any disagreeable obligation or unpleasant duty on you.
 

Therefore, to some extent, Shanghai men constitute the symbol of social stability and harmony. They are joyful whenever their wives are, thus filling/permeating the whole city of Shanghai with happiness.

[解析] “因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛”是前面分句的内容所带来的结果，为避免行文的重复，可避开so that，选用另一体现结果的英语特殊句型：...，thus doing...，使前后句子衔接紧密，浑然一体。“充满快乐”根据上下文结构有多种表达法：be filled/overwhelmed/overcome等。
 

Shanghai men are mocked as hen-pecked husbands, but they will never yield to their wives.

[解析] “妻管严”是“气管炎”谐音而来，这一双关语很难在英文中直接再现，不妨在英文中去寻找有相近含义的通俗表达。其实英语中也有形容怕老婆的男人的表达，完全可直接借用，如hen-pecked，就是指那些弱小的公鸡经常被母鸡啄伤，受到母鸡的欺负，英语常用该词形容那些“怕太太”、“惧内”的丈夫；短语be tired to one's apron strings中的apron strings指的是女人围裙上的腰带，字面意思即“被系某人的围裙上”，其义指男人受妻子(或母亲)的影响和控制；under the petticoat government，petticoat指女性的衬裙，under the petticoat government引申为“在女人的管辖之下”。该词语常指女人当权或掌政。这种带文化特色的词汇屡见不鲜，如翻译到位，就能为整篇译文增色添彩。如：
   长期以来，科学同艺术之间的关系一直是剃头担子一头热。The relationship that science keeps with art has long been that of one-sided enthusiasm.
   “剃头担子一头热”是一颇具汉语特色的歇后语，说的是旧时理发匠的挑子，一头挑着理发用具及凳子，另一头挑着供洗发用的热水，后被喻为“一厢情愿”。这个歇后语直译不一定能准确传递原文意思，不如用意译简单明确地传递其大意。
   并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴，那就小巫见大巫了。It does not mean we do not have misers, but in comparison with Mauriat and Balzac's miser and aspirant, that is dwarfed.
   “小巫见大巫”指旧时装神弄鬼替人祈祷为职业的人，原意是小巫见到大巫，法术无可施展。后比喻相形之下，一个远远比不上另一个。《现代汉英词典》给出了两个译文：pale into insignificance in comparison with和feel dwarfed，后者由名词dwarf(侏儒)转化而来，意为“使……变得矮小”或“相形见绌”。
 

When a disupte arises, the husband either keeps silent or smiles it away. Occasionally, he may lose his temper, but shortly afterwards he will not hesitate to apologize. In the end his wife finds herself following his way.

[解析] “一笑置之”可采用英语的同源宾语结构来翻译，即英语不及物动词带有一重复意义的宾语，这个宾语一般起状语作用。如：
   他点头表示同意。He nodded his approval.
   他宽慰地笑笑，然后继续工作。He smiled his relief, and went on to work.
   她轻蔑地看了看对手。She glanced disdain at her opponent.
 

Shanghai men are clever, practical and sometimes rather slick. But most impressive is that they have an enterprise in their career, a strong sense of responsibility for their families and a respect to the fair sex.

[解析] 翻译后三个分句时，可通过改变词性或结构译成并列结构，这样能使表达得体通顺。“进取心”有多种表达，如：形容词aggressive，enterprising，名词enterprise，drive，initiative， push，push-and-go，gumption，go-getter等，但须根据上下文和语体作出选择。

Facilitated by a network of waterways, overseas trade in Qingpu area has thrived since ancient times.

[解析] 两个分句分别陈述了青浦的地理位置和贸易传统，可发现两句之间有一定的因果关系。青浦地区的地理优势正是其商业繁盛的原因之一，译文可用从句或非限定性动词短语将这种关系表达出来，以显性形式体现原文的逻辑。为确切表达这种因果关系及原文中暗含的意思(青浦的江河提供便利的交通促进了商业的发展)，翻译时可添加facilitate一词，并使用该词被动形式facilitated by...表达出这种因果关系。“江河纵横”为主谓结构短语，“纵横”是指纵横交错，横一条，竖一条，像蜘蛛网一样。通过将动词“纵横”转换到名词network的处理，将主谓结构的短语翻译成偏正结构的the network of waterways可谓恰到好处。如：
   采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.
   根据一项调查，在美国，越是低龄的年轻人便越容易离婚。A survey revealed that the younger people are more divorce-prone in the US.
   反之，英译汉时，经常要将英语中的名词译作汉语的动词。
   I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain attach to relations with your great country.我希望，今晚我到这里来可以进一步证明，我们英国人非常重视和你们伟大国家的关系。
   The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的轰鸣声，我不由特别神往。
 

Mao Tower, the lighthouse built in the Tang Dynasty to guide ships, witnessed the growing prosperity of Zhujiajiao.

[解析] 修饰“泖塔”的定语有“建于唐代的”和“作为舟船航行之航标的”。这两个定语都有些复杂。翻译时可使用定语从句或非谓语动词作后置定语的结构。“航标”又有“作为舟船航行的”的修饰成分，采用动词不定式作定语，将原文译成the lighthouse to guide ships。“泖塔”和“航标”是指同一事物，可使用同位语结构。“见证”从语法结构来看是名词，英文witness既是名词也是动词，译文将名词转化为动词，译作witnessed the growing prosperity of Zhujiajiao，运用了拟人手法描绘“泖塔”。
   2004年，世界经济实现了近30年来最快的增长，亚太地区经济增长也创造了2000年以来的最高水平，中国经济增长9.4%。2004 witnessed an economic increase by 9.4% in China, against the backdrop of the fastest growth in the world economy in nearly three decades and a peak economic expansion in the Asia-Pacific region since 2000.
   21世纪初，苹果公司处境格外艰难，因为它追求电脑体积最小化、外观更诱人的新尝试以彻底失败而告终。The dawn of the 21st century saw Apple in an especially rocky situation, for its new experiment on computers with minimized size and increased visual attraction turned out to be a complete failure.
 

After Shanghai was established as a county-level administration, Zhujiajiao took advantage of Shanghai's development to flourish into a market town thronged with merchants from all parts of the country among a thousand/hundreds of/many households of residents.

[解析] 不少考生会把“自上海建县后”直译为Since Shanghai county was established。只有更多地了解上海发展的历史，才能贴切翻译原文。上海县立县于1292年(元至元二十九年)：1927年(民国16年)，鉴于上海在全国的地位，国民政府计划撤上海县建上海特别市。因撤县遭到反对，终于次年县、市划界，上海县仅剩闵行等西南八乡，从而也确立了上海县的规模和地位。如今上海县已不复存在，很多地方已成为上海市区的一部分。原文讲的是朱家角的历史发展和演变，纵观全文，“上海建县”指的应该是上海本身成为县，故译作After Shanghai was established as a county-level administration更符合原文的意思。
   “因利乘便，蔚然兴盛”意为：因为有这样的便利并加以利用而获得发展和兴盛。四字格在文中出现在谓语位置，可译为：Zhujiajiao took advantage of Shanghai's development to flourish into a market town.
   “商贾云集、烟火千家”意为：成为商人贸易的聚集地和成千上万户人家的居住地。在文中出现在定语的位置，可译为：a market town thronged with merchants from all parts of the country among a thousand households of residents. 原文的“云”和“烟火”分别形象地表现出商人数量之多和古代“民以食为天”的生活景象，译文很难做到完全对应，可采用意译thronged with merchants和a thousand households of residents体现原文意境。
   四字格翻译的难点是：理解、原句的融合以及词语的选择。汉语四字格是集音、形、意、美为一体的特殊表现形式。译成英文时要做到形义兼顾、形义两不误绝非易事。译者应在准确、完整地传递“义”的前提下，考虑译文在“形”上与四字格的呼应。以下例子说明了翻译四字格的方法之一——避形就义。如：
   前车之鉴 take warnings from examples           水乳交融 perfect harmony
   卧薪尝胆 endure present hardships to revive    画饼充饥 feed on fancies
   痛定思痛 recall a painful experience           如饥似渴 with great eagerness
   用武之地 have ample scope for one's ability    危在旦夕 on the verge of destruction.
   不管前面是地雷阵还是万丈深渊，我都将鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。Whatever lies ahead, be it a field of landmines or an un fathomable abyss, I would exert all my efforts and contribute all my best to the country till the last minute of my life.
 

As it grew in prosperity with each passing day, its historical and cultural heritage became richer and richer.

[解析] “历史文化蕴含也日渐浓厚”中的“浓厚”一词与英语的dense and thick在字面上对等，但在语义上是否对等要看具体的语境。历史文化蕴含的浓厚实际指的是“文化的丰富”，用rich一词方可与文化搭配，译成historical and cultural heritage became richer and richer。又如，浓茶、浓墨、浓烟都有一个“浓”字，但译成英语时，不同英语词汇与汉语“浓”对应，组成不同的词汇搭配，即strong tea，thick/dark ink和dense smoke。原文中的“日胜一日”和“白渐浓厚”意思接近，考生往往会使用比较熟悉的more and more...结构，译成more and more prosperous和richer and richer，如作一些调整，译作grew in prosperity with each passing day就不显得过于单调了。同样，原文6中“伴随着经济的步步繁荣，文化也渐趋多姿多彩”，译文没有用more and more加形容词的结构，而是用了increasingly prosperous和presented a colorful picture都是为了避免相同结构的重复出现。
   本篇翻译材料出现多处表示“繁荣”意义的词句，可根据搭配需要采用prosperous，prosper，thrive，flourish，boom等增加译文的可读性。下面对表示“繁荣”意义的词汇和句子的英译处理作一比较。
   青浦地区江河纵横，海上贸易自古繁盛。Facilitated by a network of waterways, overseas trade in Qingpu area has thrived since ancient times.(动词)
   建于唐代作为舟船航行之航标的泖塔，是朱家角日趋繁荣的见证。Mao Tower, the lighthouse built in the Tang Dynasty to guide ships, witnessed the growing prosperity of Zhujiajiao.(名词)
   自上海建县后，朱家角即因利乘便，蔚然兴盛。After Shanghai was established as a county-level administration, Zhujiajiao took advantage of Shanghai's development to flourish into a market town...(动词不定式)
   朱家角之繁华日胜一日，历史文化蕴含也日渐浓厚。As it grew in prosperity with each passing day, its historical and cultural heritage became richer and richer.(动词短语)
   伴随着经济的步步繁荣，文化也渐趋多姿多彩。As the economy of Zhujiajiao became increasingly prosperous, its cultural activities presented a colorful picture.(形容词)
 

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zhujiajiao was already a trading center for cotton cloth. With an upsurge of the rice trade afterwards, Zhujiajiao earned the reputation as a supplier of cloth for the whole country and grain and oil for the region south of the Yangtze River.

[解析] 难点在后一句，to surge up表示“快速、突然的上升”，在这里使用其名词形式upsurge可形象表达出米业迅速发展，即“兴起”之意。带文言色彩的“遂”字相当于现代汉语“于是”之意，也就是说随着前者“米业兴起”而有了后者“衣被天下，粮油江南”之美誉。用with引导的介词短语恰如其分地将“遂”的意思表达出来。“有了……的美誉”多数考生会直译为had/got the reputation of，但用earn一词是不错的选择。如：She earned a reputation as a hard worker.勤劳的工作使她享有声誉。
   谚语“衣被天下，粮油江南”具文言色彩，大体意思可以理解，但对部分考生而言要给出准确表达和翻译有一定难度。这里的“衣被”和“粮油”均作动词用，意为“提供衣被和粮油”，在文中作“美誉”的定语，也是美誉的具体内容。
 

As the economy of Zhujiajiao became increasingly prosperous, its cultural activities presented a colorful picture. Zhujiajiao has always been a land of beautiful scenery/clear waters and magnificent buildings where scholars and intellectuals came forth in large numbers.

[解析] “历来”可译作all through the ages或always，本文采用现在完成时，译为has always been。英语中多用现在完成进行时表达“一直”、“不断”、“历来”等。
   “水木清华，文儒辈出”是两个关系紧密的四字词。“水木清华”指的是：池水清澈，花木秀艳，形容园林景色清幽美丽；可译为a land of beautiful scenery或a land of clear waters and magnificent buildings。“文儒辈出”指的是在这片土地上涌现了众多的文人雅士，译文可直接用where引导定语从句，将前后两个四字格间的逻辑关系表达出来。
   因利乘便，蔚然兴盛：took advantage of Shanghai's development to flourish into a market town。
   商贾云集，烟火千家：a market town thronged with merchants from all parts of the country among thousand households of residents
 

Now, what is gone is gone forever, but Mao Tower still stands there as a witness to its glorious past. With the change of the times, Zhujiajiao has now developed into a prominent hub of economic and cultural activities.

[解析] “历史已逝”若译成history has passed不符合英文的搭配，我们只能说某一历史事件或阶段过去或结束了，如：
   A period of English cricket history has come to an end, and a new period has started. One of the shortest reigns in Scottish political history has come to an abrupt end.
   可避“形”就“义”，将原文译作what is gone is gone forever。
   “泖塔犹存”若只翻成Mao Tower still stands there并没有将原文隐含的意思表达出来，添加as a witness to its glorious past后意思明了清晰。同时增加连接词but将原文的两个四字词间的逻辑关系清晰体现。原文提及两个“中心”：“朱家角已成为棉布交易中心”和“朱家角逐渐发展成为雄据一方的经济、文化中心”，为避免重复，译文使用center和hub两个词语表达；此外“枢纽”也可用这些词表达。

Xitang is a water-bound/riverside town with a history of over a thousand years. The well-preserved architecture dating back to the Ming and Qing periods distinguishes itself from other scenic spots.

[解析] 原文可分为两句，后半句的“明清时期建筑”译文中加了dating back to(=which dates back to)，这是一较好的处理，其中“明清时期”译为the Ming and Qing dynasties也可接受；“……所无法相比的”译为distinguishes itself from(other scenic spots)也是一不错的翻译，当然，如果确实要把该意思从字面上译出，则可考虑用incomparable to/with结构。
 

Strolling along the streets in the ancient town, visitors feel as if they were touring a land as exquisitely beautiful as a traditional Chinese painting in simple ink and wash. White walls stand tall on both banks of the river, and tiled roofs are clearly reflected in the water. And willows sway gracefully in the gentle breeze. These scenes seem to be adding more color and new vitality to this ancient town.

[解析] 原句结构大体为“粉墙+瓦房倒影+杨柳为……增添异彩和生机”，三个并列主语均由名词短语担当(其中另含不同结构的修饰成分)。而在英译文中，这三个并列主语均演变为由完整的主谓结构组成的句子，末句则用these scenes概括。这一句式结构上的变化颇具代表性。
 

In this tranquil town on the river/water town, the pace of life seems to follow the gentle flow of the water. Xitang is(can be considered)synonymous with water.

[解析] 前一句中的“听命于”是一比喻结构，英译文则简单地用follow译出其大意。在英汉语言之间，一个语言中的比喻意象(包括明喻和暗喻)译成另一语言时是否保留还是仅表达其字面基本意思，须视具体情况而定。
 

Here, the rivers meander around with clear water reflecting a street scene of auspiciousness and peace. When night falls, thousands of lanterns on/along the banks are lit up against the backdrop of sunset glow, illuminating the entire town and lighting the residents'/fellow townspeople/way home.

[解析] “蜿蜒曲折、波光粼粼、宁静祥和、灯火通明”等，英译分别为meander around, clear water, auspiciousness and peace, illuminating(the entire town) and lighting (the residents' way home)，可见有时候的“处理”是相当“直白”的。