10. After laughing over the photo, they began to talk in a more serious vein about the damaging effect it could have on his career.
A.mood
B.voice
C.layer
D.pitch
A B C D
A
[解析] in a...vein以……的语气(心情)，mood心情/情绪，voice声音/发音，layer层/阶层，pitch音质/音调
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force, there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both side who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence—as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other, what is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is undermined by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom; the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.
1. Which can best replace the word "acute" (Para. 1)?
A.Intelligent and quick to notice and understand things.
B.Having a sharp end or point.
C.Very sensitive and well developed.
D.Serious or severe.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第一段第一句“In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.”可知，后半句意为“暴力想当然地成为解决分歧的方法，而且是毋庸置疑的方法”，那“acute”表达的意思肯定就是“Serious or severe”。据此判断，答案是D。
2. What does the author intend to convey in the first paragraph?
A.Violence leads to nowhere but making things worse.
B.Violence is the root of evils.
C.Violence is what humankind resents most.
D.Violence can be eliminated sooner or later.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第一段的“The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.”可知，作者在整个第一段中对“暴力成为解决种族歧视毋庸置疑的方法”而痛心疾首，处在一种无限的绝望和痛苦当中，对人们的意识麻木深表心痛。该段的中心句是：人们仍然没有觉察到，暴力不但永远解决不了问题，反而会使问题变得更加严重。据此判断，答案是A。
3. What does the author think of our energy and strength?
A.They are wasted and might be well directed and achieve more meaningful results.
B.They are already constructive and well directed and will fulfill a stable society.
C.They will work only with coordinated efforts.
D.They will work like magic on the solution of racial prejudice.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第二段第三、四、五句“If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is undermined by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program.”可知，在作者看来，如果能把实施暴力的一半精力用于清理贫民窟、改善人民生活水平、创造就业和受教育机会，经过长期努力，会取得有意义的成果的。据此判断，答案是A。
4. What do truly reasonable men advocate to solve the problem of race prejudice?
A.Law enforcement.
B.Knowledge.
C.Nonviolence.
D.Eliminating violence mess.
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第二段第一、二句“The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.”可知，在作者看来，那些真正的智者很难找到追随者，因为他们提倡依法治理等方案。在同类看来，这是肆无忌惮的行为，因而被自己的同类轻视、误解甚至迫害。据此判断，答案是A。
5. According to the author, what's the prerequisite of peaceful co-existence between the races?
A.Mutual understanding.
B.Mutually cooperative.
C.Learning from each other.
D.Bridging the misunderstanding gap between races' customs.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章最后一段第一句“Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems.”可知，在作者看来，种族间和平共处的先决条件是理解彼此存在的问题，也就是消除彼此间种族习惯上的误解。据此判断，答案是D。
Passage Two The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing. I could ever have imagined for me or my children. We are living in an environmental crisis, an air-pollution emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dangerous game with your health. As parents, what terrorizes us most is reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per minute. What more can we do to protect them and ourselves? Our pediatrician's (儿科医师的) medical recommendation was simple: abandon the city permanently. We are foreigners and we are among the small minority that can afford to leave. We are here because of my husband's work. We are fascinated by Mexico—its history and rich culture. We know that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much longer the fear we feel for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing. But for millions, there is no choice. Their lives, their jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this city, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire families work in the streets and practically live there. It is a familiar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty complaining about my personal situation. We won't be here long enough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray. And yet the government cannot do what it must to end this problem. For any country, especially a developing Third World economy like Mexico, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary billions on public transportation is simply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measures—prohibiting some more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing—that even its own officials concede aren't adequate. The word "emergency" implies the unusual. But when daily life itself is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change. Or to mislead ourselves into believing we can adapt.
1. According to the passage, the current emergency in Mexico City refers to ______.
A.serious air pollution
B.economic crisis
C.unemployment
D.natural disaster
A B C D
A
[解析] 该题答案见第一段：The current emergency…We are living in an environmental crisis, an air-pollution emergency of unprecedented severity.(目前……我们正生活在一场前所未有的空气污染，环境危机的紧急状态。)很明显，作者在第一句话里提到的current emergency即指air-pollution emergency of unprecedented severity，与选项A同义。
2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.Kids are in greater danger than grown-ups in Mexico City.
B.The author is not a native Mexican.
C.The author's husband is a pediatrician.
D.The Mexican history and culture appeal to the author.
A B C D
C
[解析] 该题答案见第二段的首句：As parents, what terrorizes US most is reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per minute.句中that从句为前面reports一词的同位语，说明报告的具体内容。原文第二段还提到：We are foreigners and we are among the small minority that can afford to leave; We are fascinated by Mexico—its history and rich culture，其中fascinate(强烈地吸引，把……迷住)即等同于attract。这表明选项A、B和D不正确。尽管作者在文中也提到她丈夫：We are here because of my husband's work.却没有提及丈夫的具体工作，故选项C正确。
3. The word "hawk" (Paragraph 3) most probably means ______.
A.sell
B.transport
C.place
D.deliver
A B C D
A
[解析] 回答该题要注意对上下文的理解。hawk一词出现在第三段：It is a familiar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes.上文提到，数以百万计的墨西哥人无处可逃，只能在如此恶劣的环境里生存，紧接着描述了以上这一幕街头常见情景。根据常识和句义可以推知：父母是在红灯亮起而去(向司机或车上的人)兜售东西，这时候，孩子们则在马路中间的隔离草坪上玩耍，呼吸着汽车排出的废气。故hawk一词的意思应为“兜售，销售”，与sell同义。
4. The Mexican government takes half measures to solve the pollution problem because ______.
A.Mexican economy depends very much on cars and factories
B.it is not wise enough to come up with effective measures
C.Mexicans are able to adapt themselves to the current emergency
D.Mexicans enjoy playing dangerous games with their health
A B C D
A
[解析] 该题答案见第四段：...especially a developing Third World economy like Mexico, the idea of barring from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary billions on public transportation is simply not an option.(政府无法采取应有的措施来解决这个问题，因为对于像墨西哥这样一个第三世界发展中国家来说，禁止首都拥有过量的汽车、关闭一些工厂、花数十亿元用于改善公共交通，这不只是一个选择问题)。所以，当情况变得严峻时，墨西哥政府仅采取力所能及的措施：“prohibiting some more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from producing”(限制车辆的流动，让某些工厂停产)。虽然他们自己都认为这些措施是远远不够的，但为了发展经济也只能如此。据此可以推断：汽车、工厂对墨西哥的经济是至关重要的，故选项A正确。
5. The purpose of the passage is to ______.
A.describe the harmful air pollution
B.explain the way to prevent air pollution
C.show the worries about the air pollution
D.recommend a method to avoid air pollution
A B C D
C
[解析] 该题答案见最后一段：The word "emergency" implies the unusual. But when daily life itself is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change. Or to mislead ourselves into believing we can adapt.(“紧急情况”这个词本来的意思是出现了不同寻常的问题。但是，当日常生活本身已成为一种“紧急情况”时，这个概念就没有意义了。)作者指的是：严重污染对墨西哥城市民来说不是偶然的事情，而成为他们习以为常的事情，这时再称之为“紧急情况”就没有意义了。接着说：人的本性使人学会去适应自己无法改变的东西，或欺骗自己“使自己相信自己能适应”。它表达了作者的焦虑和无奈的心情，故选项C正确。
Passage Three Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
1. According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means ______.
A.cultural groups that are formed by scientists
B.people whose knowledge of science is very limited
2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.
A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science
B.science affects almost every aspect of our life
C.scientists live in a specific substructure
D.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题的四个选项中，只有B项为正确答案。这可从文中第一段中的“Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation”推知，即“科学几乎影响我们生活的所有方面”正确。
3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.
[解析] 本题的四个选项中，只有B项为正确答案。这可从文中第二段段首的“This book is written for...”推知，即指明该书的读者对象；第三段首句和第四段首句说明了该书要达到的两个目的。因此“一本书的前言”正确。
Passage Four Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati-based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course (company executives assumed) Americans at home wanted these same familiar, red-white and blue brands. We might buy foreign-made cars, or chocolates, or cameras but household cleaners and detergents? Recently, however, P&G broke with this long-standing tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super-concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles. Ariel's appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispanics the nation's fastest-growing ethnic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been "importing" Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. "Hispanics knew this product and wanted it," says P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. "We realized that we couldn't convince them to buy (our) other laundry detergents." P&G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too. Ariel's already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona, Czechoslovakia's top detergent maker. Ariel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test-marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries. Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping changes at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican man- agers who view P&G's business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim-Schroeder, "When you met with P&G's top managers years ago, you wouldn't have seen a single foreign face." Today, "they could even be in the majority." As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign-made products and to selling U.S.-made products overseas.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A.The brands of Pampers, Crest, Ariel, and Cinch reflect the one-way flow tradition of Procter & Gamble.
B.In spite of market changes, Procter & Gamble still sticks to its long-standing tradition of one-way flow innovation.
C.Procter & Gamble has to change its one-way flow tradition because of the increased number of its foreign managers.
D.Today one may meet more foreign faces in Procter & Gamble than years ago.
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