Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Strategy and culture are among the primary levers at top leaders' disposal in their never-ending quest to maintain organizational viability and effectiveness. 1 offers a formal logic for the company's goals and orients people around them. Culture expresses goals through values and beliefs and guides activity 2 shared assumptions and group norms. Strategy provides clarity and focus for 3 action and decision-making. It relies 4 plans and sets of choices to mobilize people and can often be 5 by both concrete rewards for 6 goals and consequences for failing to do so. Ideally, it also incorporates adaptive elements 7 can scan and analyze the external environment and sense when changes are 8 to maintain 9 and growth. Leadership 10 hand-in-hand with strategy formation, and most leaders understand the 11 Culture, however, is a more elusive 12 , because much of it is anchored in 13 behaviors, mindsets, and social patterns. For better and 14 , culture and leadership are inextricably linked. Founders and 15 leaders often set new cultures in motion and imprint values and assumptions that persist 16 decades. Over time an organization's leaders can also 17 culture, through both conscious and 18 actions (sometimes with unintended consequences). The best leaders we have observed are 19 aware of the multiple cultures within 20 they are embedded, can sense when change is required, and can deftly influence the process.
[考点] 推理判断题。 [解析] 通过分析文章的结构可知，作者在第一段第一句首先提到了Strategy and culture are among the primary levers at top leaders' disposal…，可知strategy和culture都属于lever，即“杠杆”。而且此空之前也没有对strategy进行其他定义。因此这里提到的culture，however，is a more elusive ______就应该选择lever，即A。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 I really dislike the term "A player." It implies a grading system that can determine who will be best for a position. HR people always ask how Netflix, where I served as chief talent officer from 1998 to 2012, managed to hire only A players. I say, "There's an island populated exclusively by A players, but only some of us know where it is." In truth, one company's A player may be a B player for another firm. There is no formula for what makes people successful. Many of the people we let go from Netflix because they were not excelling at what we were doing went on to excel in other jobs. Finding the right people is also not a matter of "culture fit." What most people really mean when they say someone is a good fit culturally is that he or she is someone they'd like to have a beer with. But people with all sorts of personalities can be great at the job you need done. This misguided hiring strategy can also contribute to a company's lack of diversity, since very often the people we enjoy hanging out with have backgrounds much like our own. Making great hires is about recognizing great matches—and often they're not what you'd expect. Take Anthony Park. On paper he wasn't a slam dunk for a Silicon Valley company. He was working at an Arizona bank, where he was a "programmer," not a "software developer. " And he was a pretty buttoned-up guy. We called Anthony because in his spare time he'd created a Netflix-enhancing app, which he had posted on his website. He came in for a day of interviews, and everyone loved him. When he got to me, late in the day, I told him he would be getting an offer. He seemed overwhelmed, so I asked if he was all right. He said, "You're going to pay me a lot of money to do what I love !" I did wonder how he'd fit in with the high-powered team he was joining; I hoped it wouldn't burn him out. In this article I'll describe what I've learned about making great hires during my 14 years at Netflix and in subsequent consulting on culture and leadership. The process requires probing beneath the surface of people and their résumés; engaging managers in every aspect of hiring; treating your in-house recruiters as true business partners; adopting a mindset in which you're always recruiting; and coming up with compensation that suits the performance you need and the future you aspire to. My observations may be especially relevant to fast-growing tech-based firms, whose rapid innovation means a continual need for new talent. But organizations of all types can benefit from taking a fresh look at their hiring and compensation practices.
1. What is "A player" according to the author? ______
A.A person who will be best for the position.
B.A person who is in an island populated only by A players.
C.One company's A player may be a B player for another firm.
2. How to find the right people to hire according to the passage? ______
A.You should look for people with all kinds of personalities.
B.You should look for someone who is a good fit culturally.
C.You should look for someone whom you'd like to have a beer with.
D.You should look for someone who has backgrounds like your own.
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理判断题。根据选项和题干定位到第三段。第三段看似提到了很多雇佣员工的标准，选项BCD也都有所提及，但这些都是作者认为不合适的标准，真正合适的应该是But people with all sorts of personalities can be great at the job you need done，因此应该选择A。
3. Why does the author raise the example of Anthony Park? ______
A.Because he was unexpected for a Silicon Valley company.
B.Because he was a pretty buttoned-up guy.
C.Because the author wants to prove that great hires sometimes come from unexpected matches.
D.Because he didn't fit in with the high-powered team.
Text 2 On Thursday night, The New York Times published an interview with Elon Musk that offers a view into the billionaire entrepreneur's life in the last year. Musk choked up "multiple times," the Times reported in the story, and "alternated between laughter and tears." He explained that he was overworked at Tesla, his electric-car company—which has spent the past several months scrambling to meet ambitious production goals—and that the situation has taken a toll on his physical health, family time, and social life. The interview crystallized the incipient narrative that not all has been well in the state of Musk this year. The first hint of trouble came in May, when Musk berated investors on a Tesla earnings call for asking "boring, bonehead questions." Then came his war with the press over news coverage of Tesla, and then his attack on a cave diver who had criticized Musk's attempts to aid in the rescue of a soccer team in Thailand. And then, earlier this month, he floated the idea of converting Tesla into a private company, a suggestion that has reportedly prompted an investigation by federal securities regulators. Self-reflection, vulnerability, acknowledgment of the effects of work on one's well-being—these are admirable qualities in a leader of any company. And it is important, in a culture that too often rewards work at the expense of well-being, to discuss openly the often unsustainable results of that culture. But as I watched the responses to Musk's tell-all roll in, I tried to imagine what would happen if a female CEO of a major company gave a similar interview. How would she be perceived? Both men and women take a risk when they reveal stressors or struggles, but their candor doesn't usually garner the same reaction. For women, the risks of being open are far greater, and they can manifest in tangible ways. "Women incur social and economic penalties for expressing masculine-typed emotions because they violate proscriptions against dominance for women. At the same time, when women express female-typed emotions, they are judged as overly emotional and lacking emotional control, which ultimately undermines women's competence and professional legitimacy," according to the Handbook on Well-Being of Working Women, a collection of research and literature on the topic.
1. Why did Musk choke up multiple times during the interview? ______
A.Because The New York Times published an interview with him.
Text 3 Turn on the TV or scroll through Instagram, and it's not difficult to find a sea of blond politicians, news commentators, celebrities, and social-media influencers. Beyoncé, Ariana Grande, Kim Kardashian, and Justin Bieber have all, at some point, traded their dark locks for golden hues. Hillary Clinton, the first woman to get a presidential nomination from a major political party, colored her hair blond. And in the administration of Donald Trump alone, there's the president himself, Ivanka Trump, Kellyanne Conway, Kirstjen Nielsen, Betsy DeVos, and Linda McMahon—even Hope Hicks highlighted her brunette hair when she served as communications director. Why, exactly, is blond hair so popular in America? The poet Claudia Rankine, the author of Citizen: An American Lyric (2014), and the photographer and filmmaker John Lucas were first inspired to explore the prevalence of blond hair—dyed-blond hair, in particular—in the months leading up to the 2016 presidential election. "The minute I started looking, it was interesting to see how much blondness there was," Rankine tells me, pointing to Clinton and Trump as examples. "It seemed that everyone from Asian men to white women were dyeing their hair." Armed with an iPhone and a voice recorder, Rankine and Lucas spent two years photographing and interviewing around 100 people with dyed-blond hair wherever they were—London and New York, the Republican National Convention and Afropunk, restaurants and museums. But naturally fair hair is uncommon: An estimated 2 percent of the world's population—and 5 percent of white Americans—is actually towheaded. Blond hair is the result of a genetic mutation typically associated with northern Europeans, but it has also been seen in a small percentage of Aboriginal Australians, northern Africans, and Asians. Still, people across continents have been coloring their hair for centuries with products like lemon juice, hydrogen peroxide, and henna. The Golden Age actress Jean Harlow, the original "platinum blond" starlet of the '30s, went so far as to use bleach, peroxide, ammonia, and Lux soap flakes to achieve her shade. And by 1956, when Clairol released its first at-home hair-coloring kit that could "lighten, tint, condition, and shampoo hair in one step," blond hair became accessible to the American masses.
1. The underlined part "traded their dark locks for golden hues" most probably means that ______.
Text 4 Airbnb, the popular platform that lets people rent out their homes and apartments, released the results of a volunteer survey this week containing the striking statistic that nearly one in ten of its hosts in the United States is an educator. In some states the trend appears to be even more pronounced—more than a quarter of all Airbnb hosts in Utah and Wisconsin, for example, work as teachers or in education (the company includes in that category administrators and college professors). This is especially note-worthy given that an analysis of census and National Center for Education Statistics figures suggests that just less than 2 percent of adults in the country work as full-time K-12 teachers. Many of these 45,000-plus educators in the U. S. are presumably using Airbnb to supplement their regular income, as teachers struggle with stagnant, if not declining, pay. The average annual salary for K-12 public-school teachers is roughly $58,000, and they typically spend a sizable chunk of that on classroom supplies integral to their jobs. Teachers' frustration with the situation has become so acute that it drove educators en masse to the picket lines in certain parts of the country this past spring. The typical teacher host earned $6,500 through Airbnb last year—hardly a negligible boost for financially strapped educators. And for many teachers, that boost is far more appealing than other means of supplementing their incomes. For one, the personality traits found in the quintessential teacher—socially adept and empathetic, responsive and adaptable, a passion for sharing knowledge—are also typical of good hosts. For another, teachers' schedules mean they often have more flexibility in the summer. Some economists who study the teaching force, like the University of Missouri's Michael Podgursky, argue that this flexibility, and not a need for supplemental income, is the key driver behind the trend. Still, according to the report, teachers last year earned roughly one-third of their total annual earnings from Airbnb through hosting during the summer months alone, suggesting that while they do host at a slightly higher rate during their "off season," they're still using the platform a fair amount during the school year.
1. What is the shocking statistic according to Paragraph 1? ______
A.Nearly 1 in 10 of the Airbnb hosts in the United States is an educator.
B.More than 1/4 of all Airbnb hosts are teachers or educators.
C.Less than 2% of adults in America work as full-time K-12 teachers.
Part B Directions: You are going to read a list of subheadings and a text. Choose the most suitable subheading from the list A to G for each numbered paragraph. There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. A. A big cat was the thief B. It was a special species that loves water C. Anya Ratnayaka realized her life was about to change D. The dragon koi vanished E. The landlord decided to investigate F. The landlord couldn't imagine what kind of person would steal a fish G. Something shocking happened The goldfish were the first to vanish. Every so often, a few would go missing overnight from the office's tiny outdoor pond. But goldfish were cheap, so no one in the building—an environmental nonprofit in the bustling, sweaty center of Colombo, Sri Lanka—bothered investigating. 1 Then the dragon koi began to disappear. Lustrous and ethereal, each of these whiskered Japanese carp cost around 10,000 Sri Lankan rupees, or $65. In a fit of extravagance, the building's landlord had bought 10. Soon, he had seven. Then three. 2 Panicked, the landlord installed four security cameras to catch the thief. The pond rested at the end of a narrow driveway surrounded by tall concrete wails, so whoever was swiping the carp had either a key or the superhuman ability to bound up nearby roofs and drop in undetected. The landlord couldn't imagine what kind of person would steal a fish, but he was eager to find out. 3 A couple of days after the cameras went up, Anya Ratnayaka woke to a string of text messages bursting with exclamation points. Ratnayaka, an obsessive young conservationist, worked a desk job at the nonprofit at the time. She'd paid little attention to the mystery of the dwindling koi. But when she unlocked her phone and saw a grainy security-camera image of the thief, she realized her life was about to change. 4 The thief was a cat. A big cat. Not a lithe house cat on the prowl, nor a bony feral cat scavenging for scraps. It looked like a miniature leopard—or a domestic cat that had gotten serious about boxing. The creature had black spots, compact ears, and burly shoulders. Under the cover of night, it had slunk along the ledges of the office complex, slipped under an awning, and descended on the pond. In the photo, it crouched at the water's edge, patiently waiting to pounce on a $65 midnight snack. 5 Ratnayaka immediately recognized the animal: a fishing cat. Unlike almost every other species in the feline family, fishing cats love water. They live in swamps—specifically, the reedy wetlands that dot Asian nations from India to Malaysia. And they swim. With partially webbed feet and short, rudder-like tails, they coast along the waterways of their riparian homes, making grumbly chirps that sound like duck quacks. True to their name, they dive like Olympians from riverbanks to snag unsuspecting fish.
Section Ⅲ Translation Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. "I think the world in which we live as women has become so divisive, so bloodthirsty that women want to exist beyond these reductive influences, and colour is one way of doing this," says Cave. "Colour has a huge positive psychological impact—it is a shout of individuality—and I think women want some life and wonder and joy and wildness in their lives and colour gives them that." Cave is far from alone in using emotional language about colour. In fact, one of the most fascinating shifts in our approach to colour is the way we talk about it. In the 90s, colour analysis meant finding out if you were "cool autumn" or a "warm spring" in order to buy a jumper that would make your eyes sparkle. Now, colour chat rarely mentions appearance, but is about politics, identity and mood.
1. Directions: Suppose you are applying for an intern position in an IT company for next term. You're writing an email, sending your resume (CV) to this company. Write a cover letter for your email to 1) introduce your advantages and skills briefly, and 2) state your determination to get the job. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
[范文] Dear Sir or Madam, I'm a student from XXX University majoring in computer science. I have taken several internships in the IT industry, as is shown in my CV attached to this email. After four years' hard work in the academic field, I believe I'm able to take any entry-level task now and I've determined to devote myself to the IT industry. I'm willing to work in any city and I can start working right now. I hope to have the honor to meet you in person and learn from your experience. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Best regards, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions: The chart below shows the monthly revenue of a foreign company Biosoft in 2018. In your writing, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words on the ANWER SHEET.
[范文] This line chart demonstrates the monthly revenue of Biosoft, which experienced a fluctuating growth, in the year 2018. In the beginning of the year 2018, this company gathered $420,000 worth of income. Although the first month saw the lowest point, the revenue nearly doubled to $810,000 in the next month. But in the following two months, the income fell straight down to $550,000. In May, the number rocketed to its peak—$910,000. Then the number plunged again in June to $510,000. Afterwards, this company yielded a slightly higher revenue of $680,000 in July. August and September witnessed a minor decline of income to $610,000. However, the company's revenue saw another low point in October—$490,000. With a huge increase in November ($900,000), the company ended up with the revenue of $730,000 in the last month.
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