[解析] 网络用户希望用有意义的名字来标识主机,可以表示主机的账号、工作性质、所属的地域或组织等,从而便于记忆和使用。DNS是域名域名系统(Domain Name System)给每个主机定义了一个名字。 DHCP是动态主机配置协议(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),用于在大型网络中为客户机自动分配IP地址及有关网络参数(默认网关和DNS服务器地址等)。使用DHCP服务器可以节省网络配置工作量,便于进行网络管理,可以有效地避免地址冲突。 WINS(Windows Internet Name Service)服务器是用于NetBIOS名字解析的服务器,该服务器提供了一个集中式名字数据库,通过专用的协议进行名字解析。WINS服务器可以与DHCP服务器取得同步,跟踪动态分配的IP地址。 RARP是反向地址解析协议。ARP协议是由IP地址求MAC地址,RARP协议是由MAC地址查找对应的IP地址。
Routers perform the decision process that selects what path a packet takes. These ______ layer devices participate in the collection and distribution of network-layer information, and perform Layer 3 switching based on the contents of the network layer ______ of each packet. You can connect the routers directly by point-to-point ______ or local-area networks, or you can connect them by LAN or WAN switches. These Layer 2 switches unfortunately do not have the capability to hold Layer 3 ______ information or to select the path taken by a packet through analysis of its Layer 3 destination address. Thus, Layer 2 switches cannot be involved in the Layer 3 packet ______ decision process.