Section A In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked, and you have fifteen seconds to read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
[听力原文] M: Can I have five photocopies of this paper, please? How much is it a copy? W: It's ten pence a copy, but I'm afraid the machine's out of order at the moment. Question: What do we learn from this conversation?
C.He will take a few courses in a French university.
D.He will attend an interview by a French magazine.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] W: Hi, Jackie! We're going to a farewell party on Friday evening. Would you like to come? M: To a party? Judy, I'd love to! Whose party is it? W: My friend Ben's. He's going to Paris next week. He's got a great new job with a French magazine. M: Wow! Good for him! Question: Why will Ben go to France?
[听力原文] W: So Dan, bow's your new job going? M: The work's really interesting...really different from my old job. You know, there're lots of planning projects, and going out and meeting different people, and researching markets and things...and most of the people in the office seem very friendly. So, all that side of things is fine. W: That sounds good. M: Yeah, but I've got a bit of a problem with my boss somehow. When I first met her, she seemed very nice. Now she doesn't criticise me, but she just doesn't seem to take any of my suggestions seriously. Question: What troubles Dan in his new job?
[听力原文] M: Hello. I'm Leo and I'm reporting from this year's Notting Hill Carnival. As usual the news is full of problems at the Carnival. So, what do people in the crowd think? Excuse me, Madam, what do you think of the Carnival? W: Well, the young people dancing, the food and the costumes are wonderful but...Carnival is really too big now. There're too many tourists; it isn't our Carnival any more. And it isn't safe. M: Thanks. Question: What does the woman think of the Notting Hill Carnival?
[听力原文] M: Rosemary, what are the most common situations where people have problems in communicating? W: Probably one of the main situations is when people are not sure who they're talking to. For instance, going to a party and it's a room full of strangers. For most people that will be a difficult situation. The second problem is what they're talking about, so the content worries them for whatever reason. M: Thank you. Question: What are the speakers talking about?
Section B In this section, you will listen two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the questions and make your answers on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Conversation One Listen to the conversation, mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to your listening.
1. The deadline for applications is in three months.
对 错
B
[听力原文] M: Amy. Take a seat. Have you chosen a university yet? The deadline for applications is the end of the month. W: I know. Mr. Evans. It's so difficult! If I choose the wrong subject... M: Don't worry. Let's talk through your options. Did you read the list I gave you? W: Yes, but there're so many choices. I was thinking about applying to business school, and then training as an accountant after I graduate from university. Which university is best for business administration ? M: Well, University of Bristol is very good. It's got an excellent course, and I also know the course tutor there. You could e-mail him. He could tell you a lot about the course. W: Thanks. That sounds like a good option. M: So, what do your parents think? W: They like the idea of business administration, but they want me to study somewhere closer to home, and ideally in Wales. M: OK, then there's Swansea. It has an excellent reputation. You'd have to take an entrance ex- am, as there's a lot of competition for places. Would you like to study business administration with another subject? W: I'd like to do something that uses my language skills. M: What languages have you studied? W: German for eight years, and I always do well in the exams. M: Why don't you choose a university where you can study business administration and German? You can spend a year studying in Germany. Many German universities offer scholarships to foreign students. And it would be a great way to improve your career opportunities.
[解析] Mr. Evans问Amy是否做好了选大学的决定，因为截止日期就在本月底。故该判断错误。
2. Mr. Evans doesn't think the University of Bristol has got a good course.
对 错
B
[解析] 因为Amy问Mr. Evans哪个学校学商学好，Mr. Evans马上推荐了University of Bristol，并夸赞这所大学的课程很好，故该判断错误。
1. Which of the following type of pollution is NOT mentioned in the conversation?
A.Soil pollution.
B.Air pollution.
C.Noise pollution.
D.Light pollution.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] W: Hello, Rob. Have you heard that air pollution has been a serious problem affecting some of the big cities in China? M: Yes, or better known as smog. I've experienced this in Beijing and it's not a nice thing to breathe in. W: It certainly isn't good for your health. Do you know which country has the city with the world's worst air pollution, according to research by the World Health Organization? M: Well, I think it is definitely China. W: We'll find out if you're right later on. Let's talk more about the pollution problem. Pollution is a word describing anything that damages something pure. So light pollution is when a pure dark sky is spoiled by street lights and lights in the city. M: And noise pollution is when loud or annoying sounds like traffic noise spoil a quiet and peaceful environment. The smog is a form of air pollution. W: Yes. Smog used to be a problem in other major cities like London, which was from factories and trains. M: In Los Angeles, fumes—that's the bad gases from car engines—and poor weather conditions used to cause poor air quality. But now, new laws and changes in technology mean the air in these cities is cleaner and safer. But why is it bad in China? W: China is becoming more industrialized. More factories are being built, more electricity is needed, and air pollution often comes from coal-fired power stations. Of course, more people are driving cars. M: So what can be done? W: Chinese authorities are spending ￡180 billion on cleaning up the air. They're closing down many power stations within the city that burn coal. That's the biggest source of pollution. And they also limit traffic on the roads. Greener cars will be allowed on the roads. China is also going to use more renewable energy. M: Well, of course, all these changes will take a long time. Oh, I nearly forgot. You didn't tell me the answer to the question about which country has the city with the world's worst air pollution. I thought it was China. W: The answer is Iran. M: Oh.
[解析] 在对话中，二人提到了空气污染、噪音污染和光污染，但是没有提到过土壤污染。故选择A选项。
2. What used to cause air pollution in Los Angeles?
Section C In this section, you will hear five short news items. Each item will he read only once. After each item, there will be a fifteen-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
1. What are people advised to do to fight seasonal depression?
A.To exercise as much as possible.
B.To make a trip to a warmer place.
C.To play computer games with friends more often.
D.To spend time with friends and get more sunlight.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] According to Business Insider, "Most people get a little down in the winter. Although doctors estimate that only 1-2% of the population suffers from the seasonal depression, everyone can tend to feel a little less optimistic this time of year." Spending time with friends and being outside when the sun is out is a great way to fight it.
2. What percentage was China's economic growth expected to reach in 20177
A.5.9.
B.6.5.
C.6.9.
D.9.6.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] China's economic growth beat forecasts to reach 6.9 percent year-on-year in 2017, which was higher than the preset growth target of around 6.5 percent for 2017, marking the first acceleration since 2010 despite financial regulatory tightening and measures against pollution. Analysts said as growth stabilizes, the country will strengthen regulations and reforms to pursue high-quality development.
3. Why will face recognition be used at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics?
A.To ensure the safe operation of the Games.
B.To distinguish athletes from spectators.
C.To scan and track all participants during the Games.
D.To provide faster entry for official ID card holders.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] According to The Japan Times, the organizers of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics plan to use face recognition software at the Games. The software will scan and track the faces of hundreds of thousands of athletes, journalists, and officials. According to sources, the technology won't be used on spectators. The organizers hope that face recognition is both a faster and more secure way of moving people issued official ID cards through entrances.
4. What is NOT true about the Year of the Dog stamps?
A.They show some traditional elements on the design.
B.They are issued by Canada Post and China post jointly.
C.The domestic-rate stamp features a dog ready to rush forward.
D.The international-rate stamp depicts a dog with raised paw.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] To honour the Chinese Lunar New Year, Canada Post has issued a pair of stamps to mark the Year of the Dog. The stamps contain Chinese lanterns as a central design element, with red and gold dominating the colour schemes. The domestic-rate stamp features a small dog that appears ready to rush headlong into the year ahead, while the international-rate stamp shows a larger dog with one paw raised in anticipation.
B.The traffic was bad because of the terrible weather.
C.Local police were having a military exercise nearby.
D.A car accident had caused some students' death.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Temperatures in the remote Russian region of Yakutia plunged to -67℃ in some areas. In Yakutia students routinely go to school in -40℃, and school was canceled throughout the region. Local police ordered parents to keep their children at home. Over the weekend, two men froze to death when they tried to walk to a nearby farm after their car broke down.
Section D In this section, you will hear two short passages. The passages will be read twice. After each passage, there will be a thirty-second pause. During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet.
Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21—25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Bluetooth technology is a method of enabling short-range communication between devices. For example, computers can connect to other computes, headsets can connect to cell phones, and headphones can connect to MP3 or MP4 players, 1 . In the past, wireless communication devices were too large and expensive for common use. However, there have been a lot of rapid advances in miniaturization recently. Also, more efficient forms of mass production are now possible. Both of these developments 2 the use of Bluetooth technology in a wide range of common items. Inventors are constantly investigating new ways of involving it in day-to-day life. This has resulted in the creation of a Bluetooth luggage tag. The Bluetooth luggage tag is called The Bluebird. It is designed to notify a traveller that their bag is in close range. This makes it possible for them to know when their luggage is coming down the airport conveyor belt. It will also flash to make it easier for the person to identify his bag and will help him track multiple bags, 3 a bag being left behind by mistake. The Bluebird also stores 4 information, enabling authorities to identify who the luggage belongs to simply by scanning it from Bluetooth enabled computers. 5 , this will mean that the age-old problem of airlines losing people's luggage is finally over.
[听力原文] Bluetooth technology is a method of enabling short-range communication between devices. For example, computers can connect to other computers, headsets can connect to cell phones, and headphones can connect to MP3 or MP4 players, all without wires. In the past, wireless communication devices were too large and expensive for common use. However, there have been a lot of rapid advances in miniaturization recently. Also, more efficient forms of mass production are now possible. Both of these developments have led to the use of Bluetooth technology in a wide range of common items. Inventors are constantly investigating new ways of involving it in day-to-day life. This has resulted in the creation of a Bluetooth luggage tag. The Bluetooth luggage tag is called The Bluebird. It is designed to notify a traveller that their bag is in close range. This makes it possible for them to know when their luggage is coming down the airport conveyor belt. It will also flash to make it easier for the person to identify his bag and will help him track multiple bags, preventing a bag being left behind by mistake. The Bluebird also stores large amounts of information, enabling authorities to identify who the luggage belongs to simply by scanning it from Bluetooth enabled computers. Hopefully, this will mean that the age-old problem of airlines losing people's luggage is finally over.
2.
have led to
3.
preventing
4.
large amounts of
5.
Hopefully
Summary Listen to the passage. For questions 26—30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank. People are sensitive to interpersonal distance. The distance can be different with 1 . However, people can decide their comfort zones of interpersonal distance. Researchers mention 2 interpersonal distances in social interaction. Intimate distance is the closest we allow, while people can chat with their friends at 3 . Distance between employers and employees is social distance, also called 4 , whereas public distance is the farthest with 5 communication.
[听力原文] Researchers say that people will feel uncomfortable if they are too close or too distant from one another. The distance from others that decides a person's level of comfort is called "interpersonal distance." Interpersonal distance varies with culture and gender. For example, women feel more comfortable at a closer distance to their friends than men, but they keep their distance from strangers. Researchers mention four important interpersonal distances for social interactions: intimate, personal, social and public. Intimate distance is up to 1.5 feet. Vision is minimal and more private, so people can rely on their sense of smell and touch. Comforting someone and hugging someone are examples of intimate activity which allows intimate distance. In personal distance, touch is minimal and hearing as well as vision is important. At this distance people interact with their friends and chat. Close friends will be in the inner limits and we allow strangers in the outer limit. Social distance is what we call "formal" interaction. The space for this type of distance is from 4 to 12 feet, which means it requires quite a bit of space. Interviews for employment and negotiating in a business situation would be this type. The last one, public distance refers to actors, politicians and public speakers who communicate one way. This includes distance of more than 12 feet. However, at distances beyond 25 feet, it is impossible to interact interpersonally.
[解析] 根据录音，研究人员发现人在与他人距离过近或过远都会不适，这个距离叫做社交距离，而社交距离的远近一句文化和性别的不同而不同。故此处填culture and gender。
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary ＆ Grammar There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the marked the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
1. Mawi's father, once a ______ doctor, became a guard because no other work was available.
2. Kathy and her best friend had persuaded their parents to buy them matching scarves, ______ they each tied around their neck as a ______ of their friendship.
9. Good leaders tell people why they are doing something, ______, to explain what they believe.
A.in other words
B.in a word
C.in addition
D.in a minute
A B C D
A
[解析] 句意：好的领导者会告诉人们他们为什么要做某件事，换句话说，就是解释他们的信仰。in other words换句话说，也就是说。in a word总之，简言之。in addition另外，此外。in a minute马上，立即。由于in other words最为符合句意，故正确答案为A。
10. ______ the criticism, the ending of the movie leaves us with a warm feeling and the leading actors do an excellent job of making us believe that anything is possible if you put your mind to it.
11. The bus driver was going at normal speed when a truck appeared in front of him ______ and he did not have time to stop.
A.at last
B.all of a sudden
C.once in a while
D.in the end
A B C D
B
[解析] 句意：当一辆卡车突然出现在他面前时，公共汽车司机正以正常速度行驶，他没有时间停下来。at last最后；终于。all of a sudden突然地；出乎意料地。once in a while偶尔；有时。in the end最后；终于。此处填all of a sudden才符合逻辑，故正确答案为B。
12. Research said that young Chinese people are ______ expanding the sharing economy and are more eager to spend money on experiences, ______ possessions.
A.committed to; rather than
B.willing to; as well as
C.curious about; in spite of
D.satisfied to; apart from
A B C D
A
[解析] 句意：研究表明，中国的年轻人决心发展共享经济，他们更愿意花钱去体验，而不是占有。be committed to doing sth. 意为“决心做某事”。根据句子中提到的“共享经济”，experiences和possessions是两个对立面，所以第二个空应当填rather than符合逻辑。故正确答案为A。
13. —How are you getting on with your term paper? Do you need my help? —______, but I think I'm all right.
14. —What seems to be wrong with you, Jane? —Something is missing, but I can't think what it could be. —______ We're on the train and it's starting. And...Where's Tommy? —Tommy? Oh, God!
15. —So do you have a course called "teamwork"? —It's not a timetabled subject, but it's an approach that we try to include in the normal teaching. —We're interested in training young people to play their role in adult life and part of that is in a workplace, and it's rare that anyone in a workplace works just by themselves.
A.When do you usually conduct this kind of teaching?
B.Why do you consider teamwork to be such a vital skill?
C.How do you teach students to organize their groups?
D.How long will you try to train these young people?
Part Ⅲ Cloze Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letter(s) of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Jesse was a straight-A student—a result of countless hours spent studying during college. She graduated at the top of her class and believed she would have no problem 1 (get) a job. However, after ten interviews and no job offers, she was starting to wonder 2 was wrong. "At first I couldn't understand it, I mean, I'm intelligent and diligent, why couldn't I get a job?" In spite of having "academic" intelligence, Jesse was missing the intelligence that many 3 (employ) are now looking for, emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to understand your own emotions and the emotions of people around you. More and more companies use EI assessment tests to recruit(聘用) new staff. They have found that people with high EI form better rela 4 with their colleagues and can manage 5 (they) better. This benefits the company. For example, the French cosmetics company, L'Oreal started to track the emotional intelligence of its employees in relation 6 their productivity. Their studies showed that employees with high EI scores sold goods worth in total almost $100,000 more than their colleagues with low EI scores. Clearly, employees with high EI are 7 (much) valuable to their companies.
Jesse thinks that she spent so much of her college life studying alone that her social skills did not develop well. Det 8 to get straight As, she had not played any team sports or participated in any school groups, both of 9 would have helped develop social skills and EI. She did not know how to work with others, a key to success in most businesses. Al 10 Jesse might not have high EI now, psychologists believe that she can improve it. She needs to identify people who are "nature" leaders, who work well with others and are great motivators. She should watch what they say and how they act in different situations, and try it out in her own life.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions using information from rite passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Section A Michelangelo, Napoleon, Thomas Edison, and Madonna all have something in common—they have all claimed to only need four hours' sleep a night. Does this prove that the key to success is to sleep less? On the contrary, most people need more sleep to keep healthy, regulate there emotions and strengthen cognitive skills such as memory. What actually happens during sleep that recharges our body and makes us healthy?
A sleep cycle, which usually takes about 90—110 minutes, is divided into two phases, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). During the first stage of NREM, which is drowsiness, our muscle activity slows down, but we are still not fully asleep. After ten minutes, our bodies enter the second stage of NERM, light sleep, which lasts about twenty minutes. Our breathing and heart rate slow down and then we enter deep sleep, stages three and four. These are the most restorative (有助于恢复健康和体力的) stages. Our blood pressure drops, growth and development hormones (荷尔蒙) are released and energy is regained. We then enter the second phase of the sleep cycle, REM sleep, which is when our brain is most active and the majority of dreams occur. Scientists believe that dreaming allows the processing and retention of memories. This phase usually lasts about ten minutes and then the cycle is repeated. A person may go through four or five sleep cycles a night. Sleep deprivation, not getting enough sleep, has a number of negative consequences. Besides feeling tired and moody, drowsy people usually have more difficulty remembering facts, concentrating on tasks, and reacting to situations. For example, in the USA alone, more than 56,000 car accidents a year are caused by drivers feeling sleepy. So, although Thomas Edison regarded sleep as a waste of time, most people do need more than just a few hours of sleep a night. It is the easiest way to become a smarter and healthier person. Complete the chart with no more than three words from the passage.
Facts about Sleep
•Sleep cycle
NREM
• 1 : Lasts for about ten minutes; Muscle activity slows down. •Light sleep: Lasts for about 2 ; Breathing and heart rate slow down. •Deep sleep: 3 drops, growth and development hormones are released, and energy is regained.
REM
•Lasts for about ten minutes; •Brain is most active and the majority of dreams occur.
•Negative consequences of 4
•Feeling tired and moody; •Hard to remember facts, 5 tasks, and react to situations.
Section B Three fishermen lost at sea for 289 days landed 5,500 miles from where they started, but is their story really true? 1 It was a sunny day, but things changed as night fell. A storm came in, making it difficult to find the fishing nets they had left in the water. The boat soon ran out of fuel and the men became frightened as they drifted out to sea, unable to get back to the shore. 2 Desperate to stay alive, the men drank rainwater and ate raw fish and birds. The survivors say that two of the men had trouble eating, eventually dying of starvation.
3 To keep their spirits up and their minds off sharks that occasionally bumped against the boat, they sang traditional songs, read the Bible, and kept hoping for a miracle. One of the fishermen said, "We saw many boats pass by us. When that happened, it was depressing and we didn't talk for hours. But I never imagined we would die." It took over nine months but his optimism paid off. A Taiwanese ship found the fishermen and brought them to the Marshall Islands, 1,200 miles north. During the two-week journey, the Mexican fishermen say they were able to rest and eat. When they arrived in port, they all looked happy and healthy. However, some people believed the three fishermen looked too good. 4 When the man was rescued, he was extremely thin and it took him months to recover. However, the three rescued fishermen, missing for much longer, did not have any of the noticeable health problems. 5 Many think the fishermen were actually involved in an illegal smuggling operation that went wrong. Others wonder what really happened to the two fishermen who did not survive. The fishermen insist they are telling the truth, but many question their story. Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. A. Their small boat had no shelter, no navigational equipment, and held only a small amount of food and water. B. In all the historical records of sailors lost at sea, the longest someone had been missing was 76 days. C. On October 28, 2005, five fishermen left the coast of Mexico on a three-day fishing trip. D. Unfortunately, two fishermen died of food poisoning. E. The survivors have different stories about how they became lost. F. Some experts argue it is almost impossible for their boat to have floated from Mexico in a northern direction to the Marshall Islands as quickly as it did. G. They tried not to lose hope, but life on a small boat can be boring, scary, and depressing.
Section C Human beings learnt to talk about half a million years ago. Yet it was only about 5,000 years ago that our ancestors learnt to write. They first wrote by using pictures. These pictures might mean just what they showed—for example, the moon or a tree. Such pictures are called pictographs (象形文字). But sometimes the drawings presented ideas which are suggested by the pictures. That is, three trees might mean a forest. An eye with tears might mean sorrow. These pictures are called ideographs (表意文字). Here is a drawing cut into a rock by North American Indians.
This means: "A brave chief went on a journey with five canoes. The journey took three days." Showing the chief on a horse suggests "travelling", for in fact he went in a canoe, not on horseback. The eagle suggests the chief's courage. Three suns under a curved sky suggest three days. The ancient Egyptians developed a beautiful form of writing about 5,000 years ago. This writing shows objects such as animals, birds and people. These are called hieroglyphs (古埃及用的象形字). Some hieroglyphs represented things, some ideas, and some sounds. For example, if we used this system for English, a picture of a loaf of bread might mean just bread, or maybe food in general, or the sound "b" with which the word "bread" begins. The ancient Egyptians used over 700 different hieroglyphs. The alphabet was invented by the Phoenicians about 3,500 years ago. The Phoenicians lived where Syria and Israel are now. The alphabet was perhaps the greatest invention of mankind. Like many great inventions, it was extremely simple. In an alphabet, symbols represent sounds, not objects or ideas. Any symbol can be used for an alphabet. For example, "*π+" could spell "cat" if we all agreed that these symbols represent the sounds "c", "a" and "t". The 26 letter A—Z alphabet is the most widely used in the world, but there are over fifty alphabets in use. If we use an alphabet, we know how any word that we read sounds. We can also write down any word we hear. Words can be easily arranged in lists "alphabetically". Using a keyboard is also easy, as an alphabet contains only a few symbols (letters), and so few keys are needed.
Most languages use alphabets, but Chinese uses "characters". Characters are like drawings. They represent whole words, not single letters. There are therefore thousands of characters in Chinese, one for each word. You cannot know how a Chinese character sounds simply by looking at it. But if you have seen it before, you will know what it means without knowing how it sounds. Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. Which is much earlier for human beings to learn, to talk or to write?
Section D What are the basic requirements of life and what do we need next after those? When you answer these questions, you are doing the same kind of work that American psychologist Abraham Maslow did in his "hierarchy (层次) of needs" theory. The theory states that we must progress through various levels, satisfying the needs of each before being able to move on to the next. He thought individuals could eventually fulfill their potential if they could just satisfy their fundamental needs.
These most basic needs form the bottom of Maslow's hierarchy and are referred to as physiological needs. These needs include our needs for water and shelter. Unless these are satisfied, we cannot move to the next level, safety needs. We need to feel secure in our environments, and this feeling of security usually means protection and freedom from fear. The third level is the need for love and belonging. People satisfy this need through their families and homes, as well as by joining and forming groups, making friends, and being a part of a team. In the fourth level, the need for esteem refers to the need of people to be recognized. Here, they want to feel that others think highly of them; they may need praise and want to feel good about themselves. They may try to accomplish this by achieving set goals. Self-actualization, the fifth level, is the summit of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It is the quest (追求) to reach one's full human potential. In this process people tend to have needs such as truth, justice, wisdom, and spiritual fulfillment. Despite the appealing logic of Maslow's hierarchy, it seems to have some limits. Extensive research has suggested that there is little evidence for the ranking of levels and the argument of a definite hierarchy. Moreover, the concept of self-actualization is not clear, and there is no evidence to show that every individual can reach it. Maslow was the first psychologist to carry out academic research on human needs. He believed everybody should be encouraged to discover their vocations (使命) in life and try their best to make life better. These are still important lessons today. Complete the summary with a maximum of two words from the passage, changing the form where necessary. American psychologist Abraham Maslow used his "hierarchy of needs" theory to show that we must meet a number of 1 before we can fulfill our potentials. At the lower levels, we need food and shelter, the feeling of 2 , and a sense of belonging. After those, we need to seek 3 for our abilities before finally 4 to the state of self-actualization. Although there are problems with Maslow's approach, it still offers 5 today.
Section A Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
1. Email has become an accepted and expected way to keep in touch with professors at universities, and when done correctly, can help students and professors communicate. However, some professors are finding that it can also cause major misunderstandings. Informality and inappropriateness are the causes of many misunderstandings in emails. One professor says that emails have to be written in formal, standard English, and be professional or business-like in tone. Additional problems occur when the tone of a message is misunderstood.
[解析] 本题考查的翻译要点有：①keep in touch with，即与某人保持联系。②and后面用when引导了一个时间状语从句，可以分隔开作为第二句话，译为“……时”。③done correctly为使用过去分词，表示邮件“被正确使用”，可以灵活地省略主语和被动。④major在此处意为“重大的；重要的”，而非“主要的”。⑤tone在文段中指的是邮件写作的语气和基调。
Section B Translate the underlined sentences into English by using the hints given in brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. 1 通常情况下，人们会在新年伊始决心取得比上一年更多的成就。(resolved to) 然而怎么做到这一点呢?有些人决心“对一切都说可以”——我始终认为这种决心很古怪。其他人则相反，决心更频繁地说不。 2 实际上，这两种极端的任何一种都可能导致不好的结果。(lead to) 拿一直保持忙碌状态的决心来说，“工作狂”召唤着那些无法拒绝请求的人。根据2017年发表在《管理学会发现》杂志上的一篇研究报告，专注于任务可能减轻工作狂的最糟糕影响，但对岗位忧心忡忡或者过于野心勃勃仍然可能导致健康问题。 决心做多件事情还会带来其他风险。 3 如果你尝试做不止一件事情，那么你就不会像专注于一项任务那样达到高效率。(as...as) 2001年发表的一篇论文发现，与那些致力于一项工作的人相比，忙于在多项任务之间切换的人，要花费更长的时间来解决复杂的数学问题。2015年对米兰法官的另一项研究表明， 4 那些试图同时处理多宗案件的法官，结果花费了更长时间才完成审理。(定语从句)
“Yes—but if less is more, how much will this 'more' be!”
[解析] 本题使用how much引导感叹句，谓语动词放在末尾。
Part Ⅵ Error Correction Proofread the passage as required. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. Correct the passage in the following ways: for a right line, put the sign "√" in the corresponding blank; for a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank; for a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with the sign "∧" and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank; for an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with the sign" — " and put the word with the sign in the blank. Write the answers on the answer sheet. Covering only 41,293 square kilometres, Switzerland is one of Europe's smallest countries. It is only one twelve the size of France. Yet it is also one of Europe's beautiful, 1 varied and prosperous land. Perhaps the greatest attraction for most tourists is 2 the Alps, Switzerland's famous mountains, and highest in Europe. But equally 3 attractive for tourists are the many wonderfully clear lakes, extensive forests, and 4 long fertile valleys, with their picturesque villages and interesting cities. Tourists visit Switzerland all the year round, though winter sports ale a special attraction, and tourism 5 is a major source of income. The Swiss also export dairy products such as cheese, and manufacture a wide range of high quality goods, for example watches, optical equipments 6 and textiles. The Swiss are renowned too for their business skills, and many international banks and insurance firms have their headquarter there. 7 There is no Swiss language—you cannot talk Swiss. About 70% of the population speak German, about 20% French, and the remainder Italian. Moreover, since 1815, Switzerland had been a neutral country. Though it maintains an army and an air force, 8 it has taken a part in no wars. Because of this traditional neutrality, Switzerland is a 9 country where is not a member of the United Nations. 10
Part Ⅶ IQ Test There are five IQ Test questions in this part. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
1. What does the following sentence mean in Chinese? Like father, like son.
有其父，必有其子。
[解析] Like father, like son可以直译为“像父亲，像儿子”，即父亲和儿子之间也相像，正如中文中的“有其父，必有其子。”
2. Change one word so that the sentence makes sense. Underline the word you are taking out and write your new word on the line. My dog laughs when people ring the doorbell.
My dog laughs when people ring the doorbell. laughs→barks
1. Computer games and video games are becoming more and more popular. Write a report in 80—100 words based on the information in the following chart on the answer sheet.
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE
Computer games and video games are becoming more and more popular among young people all over the world. However, when people play games, it's quite natural that they want to win, and the pleasure of winning is irreplaceable. Hence playing against AI or against friends on the computer can be very addictive. "Just one more game" often turns out to be another round and round. However, like anything in our life, things need to be balanced. Spending too much time on computer games will cause not only damage to your eyes but also your brain. So we should regularly put games aside and take a walk regularly.
1. We now have photography, film, radio, TV, the telephone, mobile phone and many electronic devices. Some people say reading and writing are no longer important. What is your view on this phenomenon? Write an essay in at least 120 words on the answer sheet.
As Francis Bacon, a famous philosopher and writer, pointed out that reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. Reading classics plays a significant role in forming the right value and aesthetic since classics are the positive outcomes of wisdom. We are able to learn much knowledge and experience by reading books, especially during our childhood. It can help us dip into the sea of knowledge in all kinds of field including philosophy, physics, and science, etc. However, nowadays less and less people enjoy reading books or writing since they have several ways of entertainment such as watching film or television, playing video games and chatting with friends through phones. Young people are more likely to indulge in these relaxing but meaningless activities. What's more, some people even think reading and writing are useless because when we need to look up information, the Internet will present what we need in a nanosecond. In my opinion, writing and reading are still important in our life. As a college student, it's our responsibility to read more books in no matter study or spare time.
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