1. Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cyber Crimes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1)随着互联网的普及和应用，网络犯罪开始摆在世人面前； 2)应该如何来打击和预防网络犯罪越来越成为人们必须要解决的一个难题； 3)作为大学生，你应该怎么做?
[参考范文]
Cyber Crimes
With the popularization of Internet, cyber crimes have become a serious problem facing us. Nowadays cyber criminals seem to be everywhere on the Internet. To illustrate, some commit fraud or lift intellectual property, others snatch passwords or disrupt e-commerce, and still others unleash viruses to crash computers. As a result, these crimes destroy network security greatly and make computer users suffer great losses. However, we shouldn't tolerate these cyber criminals any more. It's high time for us to take effective measures to fight against cyber crimes. First, we should reinforce the cyber laws to punish cyber criminals strictly. Moreover, we should develop high techniques as soon as possible to improve intrusion detection and prevent cyber crimes. Besides, more talented people should be trained and more effective firewalls should be built up so as to make the net immune to all kinds of viruses. As college students, we have responsibility to join the battle against cyber crimes. For one thing, we should not use others' computers unless we get permission. For another, we should be honest to others on the Internet and not release or spread unreal information. In a word, it takes our common efforts to defeat cyber crimes.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Section A Although language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused (融合) with older and deeper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as 1 informative. The ability to use language for strictly informative purposes was probably developed relatively late in the course of linguistic 2 Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, 3 the cries into language as we know it today. Although we have developed language in which 4 reports may be given, we still use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in presymbolic (前符号的) ways. These presymbolic uses of language coexist with our symbolic system, so that the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough 5 of symbolic and presymbolic language. What we call social conversation is mainly presymbolic in 6 . When we are at a large social gathering, for example, we all have to talk. It is 7 of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value. We talk together about nothing at all and thereby establish a relationship. There is a 8 at work in the selection of the subject matter we deem 9 for social conversation. Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and 10 of the stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges. When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views or artistic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin. A. appropriate I. evolution B. suspicion J. blending C. transforming K. accurate D. purely L. unquestionable E. principle M. illustration F. typical N. compiling G. character O. concept H. efficiently
[解析] 选A。分析句子结构可知，we deem (44) for social conversation应该是the subject matter在定语从句，deem表示“认为”，由此推测所填词应该是对于谈话主题的一种描述，故应为形容词。A项appropriate“合适的”符合此处语义需要，此处说的是“选择我们认为合适的社交谈话主题时的原则”
A. Leib Lurie never intended for his company, message delivery service One Call Now, to be pet-friendly. But his dog, Ivy, had other ideas. Five years ago, the German shepherd showed up unannounced at One Call Now's Troy, Ohio-based office—a 1.5-mile trek from Lurie's home. When he continued make the trip each day he wasn't brought to the office. Lurie realised it was time for a change in company policy. Today, four or five employee's dogs, as well as a variety offish, birds, and other caged animals join Ivy in the office daily to make One Call Now a workingman's menagerie (动物园). "They are not very good at sending voice messages," Lurie jokes of the pets in his office. "But we've gotten them down with using the computer, at least the point part." B. One Call Now joins a growing force of companies across the United States to welcome pets in the workplace. While only 17 percent of US employers currently allow animals in the workplace, according to a survey from the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, pet-friendly, often specifically dog-friendly, environments are building steam. From major companies like Google, Zynga, and Amazon, to growing start-ups, more canine companions are showing up to work. C. For many entrepreneurs, the inception of a dog-friendly environment begins long before offices enter the picture. "My dog, Blueberry, was the founding dog," explains Randy Hetrik, founder of TRX Traning. "Literally, it was him and me before any other people came in, so he takes great pride in what we've accomplished." As Hetrik built his company, he never forget his first partner. Today, up to ten dogs wander with Blueberry through the four floor of TRX's San Francisco office. Many pet- friendly work environments develop as a part of the company's larger mission or company culture. After spending years in uptight corporate climates, Nancy Squires founded her own consulting firm, The Squires Group, with a distinctly honey atmosphere, which included her two Italian greyhounds. Marketing software company GY's dog-friendliness fits into the animal-friendly climate of their mountain town Bend, Oregon, as well as the company's own cultural backbone. "We try to have a culture that promotes freedom for the employees and helps them thrive," says G5 CEO Dan Hobin. "If that involves bringing your dog to work, bring your dog to work." D. Having dogs underfoot might seem to some like a distraction, but advocates of animals in the workplace see quite the opposite. Dogs in the office foster friendlier, more collaborative work environments. At G5, this includes dogs posing as mascots for the company's various divisions. "Everyone rallies around the dogs," Hobin says. E. Employees surrounded by dogs also have a tendency to rally around their jobs. According to a survey of 50 small and large companies by the American Pet Products Manufactures Association in 2008, companies that allow pet in the workplace see a lower rate of employee absenteeism (旷工) and more willingness to work longer hours. "There are a lot of people who know they have to spend extra hours at work, particularly in this economic climate," says Debrah Schnackenberg, vice president of emergency services for the American Humane Association. "People feel comfortable spending that extra hour or two at the offices when they know their dog is right there with them." F. Dog-friendliness may generate more loyalty for the company as a whole. In the last two years. One Call Now has seen a two or three percent turnover rate. Lurie attributes this small number in part to the office pets. "You ask someone who is in a $12-an -hour job, 'Would you work anywhere else?' And they say, 'No way.' Where else could I bring my dog to work?" he says. This sense of loyalty stems from a simple concept: Dogs make people happy. "They're always happy to see you, they're happy for the smallest things, and they're ever optimistic," says Hetrik. "Having a dog wandering around just seems to make people smile." G. In high-performance or high-stress work environments, dogs can not only spread smiles but also ease tension. Taking a walk, practising a trick, or even absentmindedly scratching a dong behind the ear allows even the most worked-up employee to relax and reprioritise. "It's their cigarette," says Squires. "The dogs are a sense of peace, gentleness, a diversion, something other than what we define as work. I think it's great break." H. And, a dog break is certainly healthier than a smoke break. Numerous studies have shown that having the companionship or even being in the presence of a pet, for instance in the workplace, lowers blood pressure and cortisol levels while heightening endorphins and oxytocin, the hormone linked to maternal bonding. Such an emotional connection is healthy for your dog as well. "Dogs bond to their humans and would rather be with them than not," says Schnackenberg. "From an emotional well-being perspective, it's healthy for a dog to be with their owner throughout the day." I. With their many attributes and benefits, dogs play a critical role in pet-friendly company's hiring processes. All of aforementioned companies and many more like them use their dogs in the interview process to introduce potential employees to the corporate. Their reactions to the animals also serve as a compatibility test. "I've never met a dog-friendly person who wasn't a customer-friendly person," says Lurie. "And we hire customer-friendly people." J. The dog un-friendly or the allergenic, however, need not apply. "You try to build a company of people who can rally around a vision, and dogs play a part of that," Hetrik says. "People who look at that and say how stinky or hairy or whatever probably aren't people that are going to mold well into the casual, rough and tumble, work hard, play hard in the work environment that I've created." K. The Squires Group maintains a similar mantra (口号), "If people don't dogs, there may be another part of the company they don't do," Squires says. "I'm not saying they're bad people or that they wouldn't be great for other companies, but they wouldn't fit our company greatly." L. Companies considering introducing a dog-friendly work environment should consider adopting a pet policy. When advising companies in this transition, the American Humane Association suggests highlighting clear rules about when you can bring your dog in, what behaviour is expected, and what happens when the pet or person does not conform to those rules. M. Many small companies adopt these advised policies, but govern their pets a more ad hoc (非正式的) manner. After a few minor "accidents", G5's HR Department developed a detailed pet police to include in the company handbook. "I don't think I actually ever read it," admits Hobin. "In short, though, the policy is to be responsible and respectful." N. At TRX, dogs are under the same considerations as people. "You would't tolerate a lot of barking, snapping and snarling from the people you work with," Hetrik says, "Neither should you tolerate it from the canine pals they bring to work. We're pretty clear on all that." Growing companies should also be flexible to change the stipulation in their policy as they develop. O. Adjustments to the TRX pet policy are under consideration as the company intends to expand its workforce from 120 to 300 employees. The company may introduce a sign-up, limiting the total number of dogs to the current two to three per floor. No matter the changes, though, dogs will remain a fixture in the company. "Dogs were part of the fabric from the very beginning," says Hetrik. "And they'll be here until the very end. I like having these pups around."
1. According to G5 CEO Dan Hobin, employees can bring their dogs to work as long as they thrive with their dogs' company.
C
题目中的G5 CEO Dam Hobin，bring their dogs work和thrive可以将本题定位于C段末句。C段末句提到G5公司的首席执行官·霍宾的看法：我们试图创造一种提升员工自由度和有助于他们生活健康的文化……如果这种文化需要带狗上班，那就带它来。由此可知，员工可以带狗上班的前提是狗的陪伴有助于员工生活健康。
2. Schanackenberg says that dogs' being with their owners throughout the day is good for dogs' emotional well-being.
H
题目中的Schnackenberg，dogs' being with their owners throughout the day和emotional well-being 将本题定位于H段末句。H段末句提到施纳肯贝格的看法：从情绪健康的角度看，让狗跟主人整天待在一起有助于狗的健康。
3. We can learn from the study by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association that more businesses welcome pets in the workplace.
B
题目中的the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association和in the workplace将本题出处定位于B段第2句。根据美国宠物用品制造商协会的调查，虽然目前只有17%的美国雇主允许动物进入工作场所，但营造接纳宠物(特别是宠物狗)的环境正在不断发展。也就是说，越来越多的企业欢迎宠物进入工作场所，故本题正是对该句的转述。
4. According to Squire, people who don't like dogs are not fit for company The Squires Group.
K
题目中的Squires和The Squires Group将本题定位于K段。K段提到The Squires和The Squires Group的观点：如果一个人跟狗无法相处，那么公司别的方面也会有这个人无法适应的地方。我不是说他们不好或不适合其他公司，但他们真的不太适合我们公司。题中的people who don't like dogs与该段中的people don't do dogs对应，are not fit for与wouldn't fit对应。
5. To some degree, the low turnover rate of One Call Now was attributed to its pet-friendly policy.
F
题目中的turnover rate，One Call Now和attributed将本题定位于F段第2、3句。在过去的两年中，One Call Now只有百分之二到三的员工流失率。吕里把这个小数字部分归功于办公室的宠物。题中的To some degree与该段第3句提到的in part对应，the low turnover rate of One Call Now was attributed to与attributed this small number...to对应。
6. Leib Lurie realised he should change the company to be pet-friendly when his pet dog showed up in the office daily.
A
根据题目中的Leib Lurie realised和change可以将本题出处定位于A段第4句。A段第4句提到，在每个没有被带到办公室的日子里，它(即吕里的狗艾维)都持续穿行这段距离，于是吕里意识到是时候改变一下公司的政策了，题中的his pet dog showed up in the office daily对应该句中提到的he continued to make the trip each day，故本题正是对该句的转述。
7. Lurie believes that a dog-friendly person is a customer-friendly person.
8. TRX is considering adjusting its pet policy as it intends to increase the number of its employee.
O
题目中的TRX，considering adjusting its policy，intends to和employees将本题定位于O段首句。随着TRX准备把员工人数从120增加到300，公司也在考虑调整宠物政策。题中的is considering与文中的are under consideration对应，its pet policy与the TRX pet policy对应，as it intends to与as the company intends to对应，increase the number of its employees与expand its workplace from 120 to 300 employees对应。
9. According to advocates of animals in the workplaces, dogs in the office won't distract employees from their work.
D
题目中的advocates of animals in the workplace和distract将本题出处定位于D段首句。有人觉得有狗在身边会分散注意力，但支持带宠物上班的人看法却正好相反，也就是说，支持带宠物上班的人认为狗在身边不会分散员工的注意力。
10. The American Human Association advises companies to make and highlight clear rules their transition to dog-friendly companies.
L
题目中的The American Humane Association advises companies和highlight clear rules in their transition可以将本题出处定位于L段第2句。美国慈善协会建议公司在过渡期应该制订并强调清晰的规矩。题中的advises companies to与文中的advising companies和suggests对应，in their transition to dog-friendly companies与in this transition对应。
Section C
Passage One Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!" But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television. Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
1. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.
Passage Two When most people think of the word "education", they think of a pupil as a sort of animate (有生命的) sausage container. Into this empty container, the teachers are supposed to stuff "education". But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not inserting the stuffing of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the drawing out of what is in the mind. "The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the distinguished Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him." And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selves and find the spark of truth that God has put into every heart and that only you can develop to flame." In the dialogue called the "Meno", Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of schooling, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry—because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out. So many of the discussions and controversies about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they are concerned with what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be "taken out", and how this can best be done. The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don't have a chance to learn anything," was expressing his dissatisfaction with sausage-container view of education. He was being so stuffed with varied facts, with such an indigestible mass of material, that he had no time (and was given no encouragement) to draw on his own resources, to use his own mind for analysing and synthesizing and evaluating this material. Education, to have any meaning beyond the purpose of creating well-informed dunces, must elicit from the pupil what is potential in every human being—the rules of reason, the inner knowledge of what is proper for men to be and do, the ability to assess evidence and come to conclusions that can generally be agreed on by all open minds and worm hearts. Pupils are more like oysters (牡蛎) than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with enthusiasm and insistence.
1. What did Socrates say about genuine education?
A.Education should draw students' attention.
B.Education demands to absorb much knowledge.
C.Education requires explicit knowledge transfer.
D.Education aims to develop students' potentials.
A B C D
D
[解析] 第2段提到，……真正的教育……是从他身上激发出知识……是诱导出头脑中已有的内容，D中的develop students' potentials(开发学生的潜能)是对此的同义转述，故答案为D。A是针对the drawing out of what is in the mind设的干扰项；文中提到真正的教育需要从学生那里eliciting knowledge，B中仅提到demands to absorb much knowledge(要求吸收许多知识)，与文意不符，故排除；C中的explicit(详细的)knowledge transfer是针对eliciting(引出)knowledge在形式上设的干扰项。
2. As Edith Hamilton reminded us about Socrates, students ______.
A.should learn knowledge from their teachers with modesty
B.should investigate what the God has put in their hearts
C.were encouraged to discover the truth themselves
D.were required to find the spark to flame
A B C D
C
[解析] 第4段提到，就像伊迪丝·汉密尔顿提醒我们的那样，苏格拉底从来不说“我知道，向我学习吧”。相反，他会说“审视你自己，找到上帝在每个人心中播下的真理的火花，只有你才能将这个火花变成火焰”。由此可知，苏格拉底是在鼓励学生自己寻找真理，故答案为C。由Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me."可知，他不赞成从老师那里获取知识，故排除A。B是对find the spark of truth that God has put into every heart的错误理解；D是对spark和flame的字面理解，故排除。
3. The example of the slave boy shows that ______.
A.the boy is a genius with rich knowledge
B.schooling is unnecessary to young people
C.clever people can learn geometry by themselves
D.knowledge exists in people's mind waiting to be explored
A B C D
D
[解析] 第5段首先提到没有上过一天学的无知童奴事实上已经“懂得”几何学，破折号后面解释原因：因为几何原理已经在他的脑中，只是在等着被唤出来，由此可以推断，知识存在于每个人的心中，只是需要我们自己开发利用，故答案为D。A无法根据童奴的例子推断出来，故排除；B是针对without a day of schooling进行的错误推断；C是针对the boy really "knows" geometry设的干扰项。
4. The phrase "well-informed dunces" (Line 1, Para. 9) refers to ______.
A.well-educated but stupid students
B.intelligent and efficient students
C.talented but incapable students
D.knowledgeable but inactive students
A B C D
A
[解析] 由第8段提到的...being so stuffed with varied facts, with such an indigestible mass of material...had no time...to draw on his own resources, to use his own mind...可知，在填鸭式(sausage-container)教育方式下培养出来的学生只是被动地接受很多难以理解的东西，虽然他们知道得很多，却没有开发利用自己的才智，由此可以推断，well-informed dunces应该是指受过良好教育但仍很笨的学生，故答案为A。
5. According to the view of education as oysters, ______.
A.teaching content is primarily decided by teachers
B.students should acquire as much knowledge as possible
C.knowledge can only be acquired through hard work
D.teachers' job is mainly to find out students' values
A B C D
D
[解析] 最后一段提到，学生更像是牡蛎，而不是香肠。教育的任务不是将他们塞满，然后封住，而是帮助他们开启和展现里面所富含的东西。由此可知，老师的主要任务就是帮助学生发现和展示他们的价值，故答案为D。A在文中未提及；B与原文意思相反，故排除；C是针对老师应该cultivate them with enthusiasm and insistence设的干扰项。
The problem of left-behind children is a prominent social problem. With the rapid development of politics and economy in China, more and more young farmers go to cities. Consequently, a special group of juveniles, left-behind children, appear in rural areas. Left-behind children are at the critical period of growth, but they have no access to parents' care, which will easily lead to psychological problems and is harmful to their future development. Every family and the whole society should see this problem from the perspective of building a harmonious society. We should take active and steady measures to solve this problem from the standpoint of the existence and development of individuals.
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