四、英语阅读理解题 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel—like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddybear with the sound pattern "teddybear". And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
1. The purpose of Frederick's experiment was ______.
A.to prove that children are born with ability to speak
B.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speak
C.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。短文第一段中指出to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue. 由此可知Frederick实验的目的是:假设孩子在听不见母语的情况下,会说什么语言。故选项B正确。
2. The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that ______.
A.they are incapable of learning language rapidly
B.they are exposed to too much language at once
C.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
D.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据短文第二段第三句Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant. 可知,孩子说话较晚是由于母亲对婴儿所发出的语言暗示和信号无动于衷,没有充分注意和重视。故选项C正确。
3. What is particularly remarkable about a child is that ______.
A.he is born with the capacity to speak
B.he has a brain more complex than an animal's
C.he can produce his own sentences
D.he owes his speech ability to good nursing
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。根据第四段最后一句And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.可知,不可思议的是孩子可以重新组合句子的单词,说出自己的句子。故选项C正确。
4. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? ______
A.The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B.The child's brain is highly selective.
C.Most children learn their language in definite stages.
D.Children do not need to be encouraged to speak.
A B C D
D
[解析] 推断题。根据短文最后一段第一句But speech has to be induced可知言语需要诱发,即需要鼓励孩子说话,故D项表述不符合文意。故选项D正确。
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ______ in future.
A.have a high IQ
B.be less intelligent
C.be insensitive to verbal signals
D.not necessarily be backward
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。短文第三段指出but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.即也存在这种状况:孩子开始说话晚但智商却很高。故选项D正确。