二、简答题(本大题20分)1. 简述教学重点和教学难点的含义,并说明教师应如何突出教学重点、突破教学难点。
(1)教学重点是指教学中的重点内容,是课堂教学中需要解决的主要矛盾,是教学的重心所在,是构成每个教学阶段的基础知识和思想方法。教学重点是针对教材中的学科知识系统、文化教育功能和学生的学习需要而言的。因此,它包含重点知识和具有深度教育性的学科内容。教学难点是指结构复杂抽象、教师较难讲清楚、学生较难理解或容易产生错误的那部分知识、技能与方法。
(2)为了突出教学重点,教师可采取如下方法:
①合理安排教学时间,做到主次分明。教师在备课时要合理安排重点和非重点内容的教学时间,上课时要充分利用时间,提高教学效率。
②采用适当的教学方法。教师在课堂上要对重点内容进行深入浅出的讲解,力求讲深讲透,使教学重点在学生头脑中留下深刻的印象。教师要引导学生在教学重点上进行思考、讨论和探索,上课时要做到有详有略。
③板书要突出重点。板书是突出重点最直观的方法。教师可以详细地板书重点内容,可以用彩色粉笔板书重点内容的讲授提纲和要点,或者在其下画线。
④针对教学重点布置习题。教师要针对教学重点布置作业,这样有利于学生巩固基础知识掌握基本技能。
为了突破教学难点,教师要做到以下两点:
①善于引导。教师应该在教学过程中根据问题症结和难点实质,用富有启发性的教学方式和语言多角度地启发学生,使之产生多方联想而有所感悟。因为教学内容的多重性、教学难点的多样性和思维方式的多向性,所以教师的引导方法需要有多样性。教师须多备几种引导技能,以便突破教学难点。
②善于联系、联想。教师要在教学过程中帮助学生尽快找到新旧知识的连接点,让学生在原有的知识背景和经验中找到新知识的位置,同化到自己的知识结构中去。教师要联系丰富多彩的生活实际,将时代的气息引入课堂;要联系学生以前学习并掌握的旧知识;要联系教师自身的学习感悟。
四、教学设计题(本大题40分)1. 设计任务:
请阅读下面的学生信息和语言素材,设计20分钟的听说教学方案。教案没有固定格式,
但须包含下列要点:
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间:20分钟
学生概况:某城镇普通中学七年级(初中一年级)学生,班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》二级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材:

[参考设计]
Teaching Contents:
This lesson is mainly about greetings and self-introduction.
Teaching Objectives:
(1)Knowledge objectives
①Students can master the basic expressions of greeting.
②Students can master the sentence pattern:
—What's your/his/her name?
—My/His/Her name is.../I'm...
(2)Ability objective
Students can introduce themselves or friends to others fluently and learn to make friends.
(3)Emotional objective
Students can be very interested in talking with others in English, and can be fond of taking part in class activities.
Teaching Key and Difficult Points:
(1)Teaching key point
How to make students master the basic expressions of greeting and the key sentence pattern.
(2)Teaching difficult point How to help students foster their interest in learning English and use these sentences in daily life.
Major Steps:
Step 1 Pre-listening (6 minutes)
(1)Ask students to discuss what they will talk about when they meet others for the first time. Then invite two students to share their answers with all of students.
(2)Ask students to practice the conversation of 2c in pairs and then invite some pairs to show it in front of the class.
(Justification:Discussion can help students exchange ideas with others and can strengthen their speaking ability.
Practice the short conversation can make a good preparation for their following learning.)
Step 2 While-listening (8 minutes)
(1)Ask students to listen to the conversation of 2d for the first time and summarize the main idea of this dialogue.
(2)Ask students to read after the conversation of 2d and find out key expressions and sentence patterns. Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.
(Justification:Listening to the conversation can help students improve their summarizing ability and master the key sentence patterns. Reading after the conversation can improve students' pronouncing accuracy.)
Step 3 Post-listening (6 minutes)
(1)Ask students to role-play the conversation of 2d. And then invite some students to perform in front of the class and others give evaluations.
(2)Ask students to practice introducing themselves and others in groups.
(Justification:Students can use the expressions and sentence patterns they have learned through performing in front of their classmates and their courage to speak English in public can get strengthened.)