[解析] DPI(Dots Per Inch,每英寸点数)通常用来描述数字图像输入设备(如图像扫描仪)或点阵图像输出设备(点阵打印机)输入或输出点阵图像的分辨率。一幅3×4英寸的彩色照片在150DPI的分辨率下扫描得到原始的24位真彩色图像的数据量是(150×3)×(150×4)×24/8=810000字节。
[解析] 本题考查计算机系统中数据表示的基础知识。 IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)1985年提出了IEEE754标准。该标准规定基数为2,阶码E用移码表示(又叫增码,是符号位取反的补码),尾数M用原码表示,根据原码的规格化方法,最高数字位总是1,该标准将这个1缺省存储,使得尾数表示位数比实际存储的多一位。 IEEE754规定了三种格式的浮点数,其参数如下表所示。
The beauty of software is in its function, in its internal structure, and in the way in which it is created by a team. To a user, a program with just the right features presented through anintuitive and ______ interface is beautiful. To a software designer, an internal structure thatis partitioned in a simple and intuitive manner, and that minimizes internal coupling isbeautiful. To developers and managers, a motivated team of developers making significantprogress every week, and producing defect-free code, is beautiful. There is beauty on all theselevels. Our world needs software -- lots of software. Fifty years ago software was something that ran in a few big and expensive machines. Thirty years ago it was something that ran in mostcompanies and industrial settings. Now there is software running in our cell phones, watches,appliances, automobiles, toys, and tools. And need for new and better software never ______ As our civilization grows and expands, as developing nations build theirinfrastructures, as developed nations strive to achieve ever greater efficiencies, the need formore and more software ______ to increase. It would be a great shame if, in all thatsoftware, there was no beauty. We know that software can be ugly. We know that it can be hard to use, unreliable, and carelessly structured. We know that there are software systems whose tangled and carelessinternal structures make them expensive and difficult to change. We know that there aresoftware systems that present their features through an awkward and cumbersomeinterface. We know that there are software systems that crash and misbehave. These are ______ systems. Unfortunately, as a profession, software developers tend to create moreugly systems than beautiful ones. There is a secret that the best software developers know. Beauty is cheaper than ugliness. Beauty is faster than ugliness. A beautiful software system can be built andmaintained in less time, and for less money, than an ugly one. Novice software developersdon't understand this. They think that they have to do everything fast and quick. They thinkthat beauty is ______ No! By doing things fast and quick, they make messes that makethe software stiff, and hard to understand. Beautiful systems are flexible and easy tounderstand. Building them and maintaining them is a joy. It is ugliness that isimpractical. Ugliness will slow you down and make your software expensive andbrittle. Beautiful systems cost the least to build and maintain, and are delivered soonest.