1. Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic food safety. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
[范文] From the cartoon given above, we can see that the doctor is checking the pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, which reflects the food safety issues occuring in recent years. Food safety is related to people's health and it concerns people's basic livelihood. Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008, the entire society was increasingly concerned about food safety issues. Problems leading to food safety are as follows: first, using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process; second, adding toxic substances; third, using excessive food additives; fourth, abusing of chemical additives and so on. It is better late than never. Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend. The government should launch a massive moral campaign to educate all citizens and draw up tougher laws to crack down on those irresponsible corporations and prohibit them from entering the food industry again. I am firmly convinced that through our combined efforts we are bound to enjoy more risk-free foods in the days ahead.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
A.We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way.
B.We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune.
C.We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.
D.We think it serves them right for being mean to other people.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] W: You know, I've often wondered why people laugh at the picture of a big belly businessman slipping on a banana skin and falling on his bottom. We are to feel sorry for them. M: Actually, Laura, I think we laugh because we are glad it didn't happen to us. But of course, there is also a kind of humorous satisfaction in seeing somebody self-important making a fool of themselves. W: Yes, and there are a lot of jokes about people who are too fat or physically handicapped, you know, deaf, or short-sighted, things like that. After all, it's not really funny to be like that. M: Oh, I think that's because we're embarrassed. We don't know how to cope with the situation. Perhaps we are even a bit frightened we might get like that, so we laugh. What about the custard pie routine? W: What do you mean "custard pie routine"? M: Oh, you know, all those old films where someone gets so outraged with his boss, he picks up a custard pie and plasters it all over the other person's face. W: That never makes me laugh very much, because you can guess what's going to happen. But a lot of people still find it laughable. It must be because it's the sort of the thing we'd all love to do once in a while and never quite have the courage to do. M: I had an old aunt who used to throw cups of tea at people when she was particularly irritated. She said it relieved her feelings. W: It must have come a bit expensive. M: Not really. She took care never to throw her best china.
Why does the man say we laugh when we see some self important people making fools of themselves?
2.
A.They want to show their genuine sympathy.
B.They have had similar personal experiences.
C.They don't know how to cope with the situation.
D.They don't want to reveal their own frustration.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Why do some people joke about those who are fat or handicapped according to the man?
3.
A.They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.
B.It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.
C.It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.
D.They have seen this many times in old films.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Why do many people find it funny to see someone throwing a custard pie at their bosses' face?
4.
A.To irritate them.
B.To teach them a lesson.
C.To relieve her feelings.
D.To show her courage.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] Why did the man's aunt say she would throw cups of tea at people occasionally?
[听力原文] W: The job of raising children is a tough one. And each child is different. So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration, not knowing what to do. This week on our program, we will look at raising children. John, what's the goal of American parents? M: To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children stand on their own feet. Of course, many young adults still seek their parents' advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they "leave the nest" at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own. W: The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal than other countries, isn't it? M: Yes, American parents try to treat their children as individuals. They allow them to fulfill their own dreams. Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the confidence to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a friendship among equals. W: Most young couples with children struggle with the issue of childcare recently. M: Yes. Mothers have traditionally stayed home with their children. In recent years, though, a growing trend is to put children in a day care center so moms can work. W: Many Americans have strong feelings about which type of arrangement is best. What's your opinion, John? M: We have to say both have their merits and shortcomings. Some argue that attending a day care center can be a positive experience for children. Others insist that mothers are the best caregivers for children. A number of women are now leaving the work force to become full-time homemakers. What is American parents' goal of raising children? 事实细节题。本题问的是美国父母抚养孩子的目标是什么。对话开头,女士询问男士美国父母抚养孩子的目标是什么,男士说对美国人来说,父母的目标是要帮助孩子学会独立。
6.
A.Close but unequal.
B.Friendly but formal.
C.Strained but formal.
D.Equal and informal.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] How is the relationship between parents and children in America? 事实细节题。本题问的是在美国,父母与子女之间的关系怎样。对话中间,女士询问男士在美国父母与子女之间的关系是不是比其他国家更随意一些,男士对此表示了赞同,并且补充到随着子女长大成人,父母与子女之间的关系就变得像朋友一样平等。
7.
A.Mother is important for children as well as teachers.
B.Staying with mother is better than attending a day care center.
C.There are disputes over how to care for children.
D.Nursery schools have an unfavorable influence on children.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What do we know about the arrangement of child care? 推理判断题。本题问的是我们对于儿童抚养方式的了解。对话结尾,男士提到两种抚养方式,女士询问男士对此的观点,男士回答这两种方式各有优缺点,一些人认为把孩子送进全日制托儿所幼儿园对孩子更有利,其他人则坚持母亲是照顾孩子的第一人选。
Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
B.A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.
C.Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.
D.More information will be available.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] If you are young and thinking about your career, you'll want to know where you could make a living. Well, there's going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge-intensive jobs in the next twenty years, particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills—one is teaching, and the other, healthcare. You'll have so many applications and software and platforms that are going to come in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of healthcare and education sectors will be radically changed, and a lot of jobs will be lost. Now, where will the new jobs be found? Well, the one sector of the economy that can't be easily duplicated by even small technologies is the caring sector, the personal care sector. That is, you can't really get a robot to do a great massage or physical therapy. Or, you can't get the kind of personal attention you need with regard to therapy or any other personal service. There could be very high and personal services. Therapists do charge a lot of money. I think there's no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care people would like if they could afford it. But, the real question in the future is, how come people afford these things if they don't have money, because they can't get a job that pays enough. That's why I wrote this book, which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes to what we used to consider high-income work.
Q: What does the speaker say will happen in the next twenty years?
[听力原文] Q: Where will young people have more chances to find jobs?
[解析] 四项都是名词性短语,均表示抽象的地点。 本题很可能以where提问。听音时应注意将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(robotics industry,information service,personal care sector,high-end manufacturing)。 题目问的是年轻人在哪里将有更多机会找到工作。文章中间部分直接提出问题Now,where will the new jobs be found?紧接着作了回答:有一个经济领域即便是通过很小的技术也不可能被轻易复制,那就是护理领域,私人护理领域。由此可知护理领域需要更多的人力而非技术去完成工作,也就有更多的工作机会,因此选项C正确。
3.
A.They charge high prices.
B.They need lots of training.
C.They cater to the needs of young people.
D.They focus on customers' specific needs.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Q: What does the speaker say about therapists?
[解析] 四项都以they开头,都描述了they的特征。 本题考查的内容与they有关,可能涉及they某方面的特征。听音时应注意判断they的指代对象,并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(charge high prices,need lots of training,cater to the needs of young people,focus on customers' specific needs)。 题目问的是关于理疗师讲话者说了什么。文章后半部分提到了理疗师,说可能会有价格非常昂贵的私人服务。理疗师的确收费很高。由此可知选项A正确。其他三个选项原文均未提及,均排除。
4.
A.The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.
B.The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.
C.The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives.
D.The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] Q: What is the speaker's book about?
[解析] 1.四项都是含有修饰成分的名词性短语,都描述了一种现象或结果。 2.两项提到technology。 本题考查的内容可能是某种现象或结果,可能与技术有关,很可能是文章的某个细节,也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(rising demand in education and healthcare,disruption caused by technology,tremendous changes,amazing amount of personal attention)。 题目问的是讲话者的书是关于什么内容的。文章最后讲话者交待前面所讲的一切就是为了说明写书的原因,并用一句话介绍了书的内容:这本书是关于当技术给我们过去认为的高薪工作带来毁灭性的变化时如何重组未来经济的。由此可知选项B正确。
A.Because young people can't remember the villages.
B.Because the two World Wars destroyed many villages.
C.Because there are no job opportunities in villages.
D.Because it seems that village life is gone for ever.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
The young people who talk of the village as being "dead" are talking nothing but nonsense, as in their hearts they must surely know. The village is not dead. There is more life in it now than there ever was. But it seems that "village life" is dead. Gone for ever. It began to decline about a hundred years ago, when many girls left home to go into service in town many miles away, and men also left home in increasing numbers in search of work. There are still a number of people alive today who can remember what "village life" meant. It meant knowing and being known by everybody else in the village. It meant finding your entertainment in the village of within walking distance of it. It meant housewives tied to the home all day and every day. It meant going to bed early to save lamp oil and coal.
Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each war, new ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed to villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make "village life" and "town life" almost alike. Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare for all, there is no point whatever in talking any longer about "village life". It is just life, and a better life.
Why do some young people say that the village is dead?
[解析] D是录音的同义概括,故正确。
6.
A.They lived a simpler life than villagers today.
B.They knew fewer people than villagers today
C.They found it difficult to enjoy themselves.
D.They had nothing to do in the evenings.
A B C D
A
[听力原文]
How was the life of villagers in the past?
[解析] 短文中对life of villagers in the past有这样的一段描述:你和村子里的人很熟;你可以步行在附近找到娱乐活动;家庭主妇们每天被拴在家里;为了省油和煤,人们每天很早休息。这样的生活显然比如今的乡村生活简单多了,由此直接推断A为正确答案。
7.
A.Girls left the village to find hope.
B.Men left the village to seek opportunities.
C.The long-established order of society.
D.Fresh ideas brought by the two World Wars.
A B C D
D
[听力原文]
In the speaker's view, what brought about the change of "village life" today?
[解析] “每一场战争之后村民们都会接触到新的观念、态度和新的贸易、职业”,而这些东西带来的结果则是:陈旧的社会体系受到挑战和冲击,新的变革产生(比如录音稍后提到的新能源、新科技在乡村的使用),由此推断D为正确答案。A、B是乡村变化的结果而不是原因;C和the change of village life today并不构成因果关系。
8.
A.Dead.
B.Worse.
C.Better.
D.Unclear.
A B C D
C
[听力原文]
What does the speaker think of the "village life" today?
[解析] 短文在最后对乡村生活做了一个总结“It is just life,and a better life”(这就是生活,更好的生活)。故答案为C。
Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
[听力原文] There is a common opinion that if you study hard and graduate with an "A diploma," it will guarantee you will find a great job that pays well. Unfortunately, the reality is different. Although, most positions require you to have a diploma, no one will look through your grades. When you graduate, the only thing that matters is your knowledge and the ability to operate within the system. So why is it that students that you could barely get their "C" at the end of a semester manage to become super successful? Let's look through some reasons why "C" students will be the most successful people in the world. "C" students don't spend much time on the unnecessary classes we all have to do. If you are trying to become a technician, you obviously don't need to write hundreds of annoying essays about culture and your summer experience. They stop taking the required classes and focus on vocation-related subjects that can help them during their work. World famous innovator and entrepreneur Steve Jobs never finished college and made it to the top of IT industry only because he was focused on doing what he liked. During his famous speech to Stanford graduates he emphasized that "The only way to succeed, is to love what you do. Keep looking; don't settle." Most "C" students start working earlier than their peers, which lowers their marks as they have to skip classes to make a living. At the same time, they get priceless experience every "A+ " graduate is missing. And we all know that you are less likely to be hired without actual experience. While "A" students are stuck learning unnecessary subjects, "C" students read tons of useful literature and communicate with dozens people every day. In real life, knowing powerful people as well as the ability to communicate can make a difference in your career. When in college, they visit parties and come to the lessons a little bit hangover, nevertheless, they enjoy their life. Same happens when they start working. Plain and simple: Happy people are more successful than those who are not. It happens because they are fun to be around, and they are proactive team players who will cheer up the entire team, which is one of the best skills your boss can look for. Stressful, negative people, no matter how intelligent they are, won't be in the top list of candidates.
What really matters to us at a workplace?
2.
A.Diplomas are less important than experience.
B.College courses are not all necessary.
C.You should focus on doing what you like.
D.You should keep looking for what you love.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What do we learn from Steve Jobs' example?
3.
A.They study hard but have lower marks.
B.They start working earlier than their peers.
C.They spend much time on finding part-time jobs.
D.They visit parties instead of taking the required classes.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What can we learn about "C" students?
4.
A.Being persuasive.
B.Being pressure-proof.
C.Being intelligent.
D.Being fun and proactive.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What is one of the best skills employers emphasize?
[听力原文] I sometimes think that so much of our life takes place inside our heads, in memory or imagination or interpretation or speculation, that if I really want to change my life I might best begin by changing my mind. Wherever we are, any time of night or day, our bosses, junk-mailers, our parents can get to us. Sociologists have actually found that in recent years Americans are working fewer hours than 50 years ago, but we feel as if we're working more. We have more and more time-saving devices, but sometimes, it seems, less and less time. We can more and more easily make contact with people on the furthest corners of the planet, but sometimes in that process we lose contact with ourselves. And one of my biggest surprises as a traveler has been to find that often it's exactly the people who have most enabled us to get anywhere that are intent on going nowhere. That is, those beings who have created the technologies that override so many of the limits of old, are the ones wisest about the need for limits, even when it comes to technology. I once went to the Google headquarters and I saw all the things many of you have heard about: the indoor tree houses, the trampolines, workers at that time enjoying 20 percent of their paid time free so that they could just let their imaginations go wandering. One Googler was telling me about the book that he was about to write on the inner search engine, and the ways in which science has shown that sitting still, or meditation, can lead not just to better health or to clearer thinking, but even to emotional intelligence. The one thing perhaps that technology hasn't always given us is a sense of how to make the wisest use of technology. And I think many of us have the sensation that we're standing about two inches away from a huge screen, and it's noisy and it's crowded and it's changing with every second, and that screen is our lives. And it's only by stepping back, and then further back, and holding still, that we can begin to see what the picture in the screen means and to catch the larger picture. And a few people do that for us by going nowhere. So, in an age of acceleration, nothing can be more exciting than going slow. And in an age of distraction, nothing is so luxurious as paying attention. And in an age of constant movement, nothing is so urgent as sitting still.
What is the effect of modern technology on people?
A.Its workers write books on the inner search engine.
B.It makes the wisest use of modern technology.
C.Its workers enjoy 20% of their paid time free.
D.It stresses the importance of imagination.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What does the speaker want to tell us with the example of Google?
[解析] 说话人引用Google的事例,说到员工可以自由支配20%的有薪时间,可以让想象力天马行空,D“谷歌很重视想象力”为正确答案。 A“谷歌员工写关于内部搜索引擎的书”和C“谷歌员工工作期间有五分之一的时间可以用自由放松”是陈述事例的细节,不是说明的目的。B利用录音中The one thing...is...how to make the wisest use of technology来设置的干扰,但录音是说现代科技给不了我们的是告诉我们如何最明智地使用现代科技,不是说“谷歌对现代科技的利用最为明智”,B本身表述有误。
7.
A.Sitting still.
B.Contacting people.
C.Training imagination.
D.Improving skills.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What is the most urgent in modern society according to the speaker?
A.It just needs the couples to earn a large sum of money.
B.It requires much hard work to deal with marital issues.
C.It requires the couples to give up their claims after a dispute.
D.It requires the couples to give up one's personal interests and hobbies.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] A good marriage is one that lasts. Where's divorce in the formula of a good marriage? Merriam Webster defines marriage as the legal relationship into which a man and a woman enter with the purpose of making a home and raising a family. With just its definition, marriage is not a simple thing to get into. It calls for a lot of hard work and effort to survive the stress of marital issues like finances, children, household chores, and more. Divorce offers a grand exit away from quarrelling and fights, from hurt and from other problems that marriage brings. On the other hand, it's also the bus that will take you away from those long and worthwhile conversations with your spouse, from the love and security your marriage offers. It's also the sign that the once brave person who got married is no longer as brave and actually became a coward that takes the easy way out. If you have been brave once, be even braver and stand up for your marriage. Remember that considering divorce is not a key to a good marriage. Compromise plays an important role to keep couples together and have a good marriage. Compromise means arriving to an agreement after a dispute because each or both partners have given up their demands and arguments. With constant compromises, marital issues can be settled without even putting divorce in the picture. When someone feels the hurt is already too much, ending the relationship or marriage is a seemingly good option. But have you tried to forgive your spouse before you even thought of giving up on your marriage? Forgetting previous conflicts is hard to do since it leaves a mark in your memory. But dwelling on those negative emotions has a very destructive effect on you, your partner, and your marriage. Consider trial separation rather than divorce. Some time to cool down is perhaps what you need. If you and your partner just can't stop fighting over almost everything, rest. Give each other a chance to rediscover buried feelings of love, respect, and trust. It is also a great time to remember your good times together as a couple. It also might help you find ways on how to get those times back.
According to Merriam Webster, what does a good marriage require?
9.
A.It is an important element of a good marriage.
B.It denies any disagreement or dispute.
C.It leaves a mark in your memory.
D.It helps to forget previous conflicts.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What role does compromise play in a good marriage?
10.
A.When they fail to make compromises in disputes.
B.When they need time to rest.
C.When they would like to recall good times.
D.When they have a dispute.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] Under what conditions does the speaker advise the couples to turn to trial separation?
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. You might think you left the world of cliques (小团体) and in-crowds behind when you left high school. You'd be wrong. The benefits of being popular 1 all the way into the adult workplace, based on research in the latest issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology. Just like children on the playground, co-workers not only agree on who's popular, but they also afford those lucky few more favourable treatment. This 2 more help and good manners, and less rudeness and withholding of helpful information, 3 on a study of 255 employees and their co-workers in hospital, restaurant, sales and administrative jobs. The researchers, Brent Scott of Michigan State University and Timothy Judge of the University of Florida, said popular workers 4 more co-worker support 5 of their status on the organisation chart. They also may gain an unfair advantage over less 6 colleagues, the researchers suggest, which may hinder a meritocracy (唯才是举). "By valuing popularity, organisations may be promoting a certain 'clubby' atmosphere that imitates school culture" rather than 7 merit, the researchers write. I've been fortunate in working in meritocracies most of my life, but that's not the 8 among fictional examples, consider the television comedy "The Office". Who in his or her fight mind would promote the cold, manipulative Angela Martin over the friendly Jim Halpert? The popular paper salesman proves the study's point, rising 9 on the Dunder Mifflin organisation chart with his smart "people skills", despite his 10 to his job. In fact, what these researchers call popularity, career coaches might call savvy (精明的) office politics the art of getting people in your comer. And it's clearly a big deal in many workplaces. A. based B. charming C. concludes D. drew E. enthusiasm F. extend G. fast H. get I. includes J. indifference K. norm L. ordinary M. regardless N. rewarding O. slowly
Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Body-data Craze
A. Welcome to my biography, 2013-style. It includes more data points than it possibly could have 20 years ago. And it's part of a national obsession of a people who, literally, number our days. According to a recent nationwide survey for Pew Research Center Internet& American Life Project, 7 out of 10 people self-track regularly—using everything from human memory to a memory stick—some aspect of health for themselves or for someone else. Among the 3, 000 adults questioned, the most popular things to monitor were weight and diet. A third of the people surveyed also track more complicated elements of their health, from blood pressure to sleep to blood sugar. B. While many of them keep this information "in their heads", a full 50 percent actually keep a written record of the data either using technology or on paper. According to the Consumer Electronics Association, in 2012 the U. S. sports and fitness category was a $70 billion business; and earlier this year, market firm ABI released a report that estimated that 485 million wearable computing devices—like smart watches and smart glasses—will be shipped annually by 2018. Privately owned "human-centered wearable technology" company Jawbone is valued at a billion dollars, and perhaps more. C. What do people count in their everyday lives? Tree believers in the power of measurement go one step further—tracking every bite or step, but also sharing what they've learned with others. A male friend sends his body mass index from his gym scale to the cloud. A cousin of mine counts her steps on a pedometer(步程计)and posts them on Facebook. People like New York Times reporter Brian Stelter, who wrote in his article Tall Tales, Truth and My Twitter Diet, that he could not diet alone, so he "decided to use Twitter. I thought it would make me more accountable, because I could record everything I ate instantly. " D. If our life stories used to be reducible to a shoebox full of old photographs, now we will remember ourselves by Fitbit at the gym. Meanwhile, a shoe sensor called Amiigo, a wristband device called Basis, indoor-environment monitoring systems, Jawbone's UP for sleep and fitness and Google Glass are all available on the sales site Groupon. E. We collect this information on the pretext of health, self-knowledge, organization, or efficiency. We believe we need to know it so that we can better ourselves. But what happens if the upsides have downsides to match? What happens if we can't stop ourselves from counting on our endless digital abacuses (算盘)? And are we giving up some of the shreds of privacy we have left by endlessly recording ourselves and sending it to the cloud? F. It's true that some of this data may be useful. If you track your food consumption and digestion, seeing the numbers may inspire you to eat better. If you track your blood sugar, you may maintain better control of it. A person who uses Asthmapolis, a wireless sensor in an asthma (哮喘) inhaler that records the GPS of a person experiencing an attack or shortness of breath could be recording details of the attack that would help all of us learn what nearby plants or chemicals in the air contributed to the attack. G. "Self-quantifiers absolutely fit into big data, " says Kenneth Cukier, author of Big Data, an optimistic book about today's gathering, storage, and analysis of information on a massive scale. "Big data is not just about size—it's about doing new things with data. We are collecting material about ourselves—respiration or heart rate—that we never collected before and crunching the numbers. " H. The idea is that self-quantifying is a way of being an expert on yourself, at a time when studies can tell you about percentages and probability for everything from drug effectiveness to your vote, but cannot tell you about you in particular. For Jaron Lanier, a computer scientist and author of Who Owns the Future?, it can be societally productive when normal people are forced "to act like scientists, challenging their biases, " and clearing their perceptions. Also, having been "blind to our own insides, " Lanier says, he sees the value of "seeing in real time some things that go on in my body. Now I am in my 50s, I am just starting to learn how to use my own body. " I. "Quantifying is mostly a way to take care of ourselves, " Cukier says. "In the past, experts did vast studies in lab hospitals to discover this, but now we can use one-hundred-dollar UP bands. " For Cukier, the dark side of QS is: hypochondria (疑病症). If people are constantly monitoring themselves, they may imagine they are encountering the onset of a disease when their symptoms are really "statistical noise, " as Cukier puts it. J. QS-ers Honeywell and Greenhall both questioned why achieving a low body weight is the desired outcome of dozens of new sensors now on the market. That's not to say it doesn't work: thanks to QS, Greenhall says she lost 40 pounds over two years. Honeywell, on the other hand, gets too thin when she gets stressed. "I'd like to tell all of these companies that offer ways to measure yourself, that consumers should have the option to turn off all the diet talk, " said Honeywell. "I'd love Fitbit to have an option to keep your weight above a certain amount as well as below. " "Calories are so emotionally loaded for people with eating disorders, " said Greenhall. K. It's possible that all this quantification might be able to help with some sorts of eating and other disorders, but the reverse is also possible: after all, obsessive bodily measurement can be a fundamental symptom of anorexia (厌食) or bulimia (贪食). Diana Freed, a therapist specializing in eating disorders, wrote last year about the way "the drastic increase of apps that obsessively quantify eating and fitness...have radically transformed the way anorexia afflicts patients. " L. Might all of these numbers eventually be used against all self-quantifiers? Sure, the most serious QS-ers were autonomous imaginative geeks, quantifying from the bottom up. But their employers might be quantifying them as well. "The invasion of privacy is an issue, " says Lanier. "A company in Britain has asked its workers to wear wearable computing to monitor how healthfully they are living: this seems to be crazy. In the American context, when you use self-quantifying stuff to improve your health you are also sending this information to data aggregators and someone might one day deny your insurance because of it. " M. This is far from hypothetical: three years ago, the Nielsen company tried to go in and get health information from mentally ill people posting on a site's private online forum. "Even if you are quantifying your own data, if it goes through the cloud service, you may be exploited, " says Lanier. "You are making yourself vulnerable. " If you join all this D1Y Big Data with the other data out there—not only all of our emails and Google searches, but also the sensors in the water system, in medical implants, in stoplight cameras and sound-activated street gunshot detectors—there's so much of it that one security expert, Bruce Schneier, recently suggested that "the Internet is being monitored. " N. As lanier puts it, "There are two dangers of self-quantifying: one is compromising privacy and the other is that its participants can narrow themselves. Its extreme adherents hyperconcentrate on certain kinds of numbers about themselves, and it can make them a little more robotic than other people. " It may be too soon to know exactly how and what QS has transformed. Our memories were once defined a wooden childhood toy or a grainy picture of a lost lover, a graduation dress or a passionate postcard. O. In the future, that record could be dominated by our sleep patterns or the record of our respiration. "Instead of saving a high school football jersey, will we remember our pulse?" Cukier wonders. We were both entirely sure, though, that quantifying is the mode of our time. "QS is not odd, " says Cukier. "Today, we call it Quantified Self: tomorrow we are going to call it health care. In the future, quantifying ourselves is not going to be done by some people but by all people. "
1. If the information of people's counting results is uploaded to the Internet, it is likely to be monitored or used without their knowledge.
M
[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键词information of people's counting results和uploaded to the Internet。关于信息上传的内容出现在M段。该段第一句指出,三年前,尼尔森公司曾试图从一个网站上的私人在线论坛上获得精神病人的健康信息。第二句提到拉尼尔认为如果你把自己的计数结果用云服务方式上传,你的数据很有可能被利用。由此可见,题干是对原文的同义转述,故答案是M。题干中的the Internet与原文中的online forum相对应,题干中的monitored or used与原文中的exploited相对应。
如果人们计数的结果被传到网上,那么这些信息很可能受到监视或者在人们不知情的情况下被使用。
2. We count and track down numbers about our bodies under the excuse of knowing better of ourselves and keeping fit.
E
[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键词count and track down numbers和fit。关于计数与身体健康等的关系的内容出现在E段。该段第一句指出,我们打着健康、了解自我、系统化或效率的旗号搜集这些信息。由此可见,题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的under the excuse of对原文中的on the pretext of进行了同义转述。
我们打着更好地了解自己和保持健康的旗号,对自己的身体计数并跟踪数据。
3. It's probable that all the people around the whole world will count about themselves in the future.
O
[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键词count about themselves和in the future。关于未来人们对自己计数的内容出现在O段。该段最后一句指出,未来,不是一些人会给自己计数,而是所有人都会这么做。由此可见,题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的count about themselves与原文中的quantifying ourselves相对应。
将来很有可能全世界所有人都会对自己计数。
4. One thing now Americans crazily indulge themselves in is to count numbers about themselves every day.
A
[解析] 注意抓住题干中关键词count numbers about themselves。关于美国人时下热衷的事情的内容出现在A段。该段第三句指出,现在整个国家每一个人都沉迷的事就是每天对自己计数。由此可见,题干是原文的同义转述,故答案为A。题干中的crazily indulge与原文中的obsession相对应。
现在美国人狂热地沉湎其中的事就是每天对自己计数。
5. Self-quantifying is personalized in that the data it offers are exclusively about a certain person.
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Twenty years ago, the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape: smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day. Analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic divide gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have shifted. In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities' quiet after midnight. These 18-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment. What is underlying this new movement in real estate, and why do these cities have so much appeal? 18-hour cities combine the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which contributes to downtown revitalization. For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. Movement out of city centers was widespread, and downtown tenants were predominantly made up of the working poor. This generated little commerce for downtown businesses in the evenings, which made business and generating tax revenue for municipal upkeep difficult. With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient, however, increasing popularity for urban areas that caused the real estate pushes, in major cities like San Francisco or New York, has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and policy in smaller cities. Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modem housing and improved walk ability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment-especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit—makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic. These adjustments encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown. Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike. Because of their smaller size, most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have some quiet after midnight, as opposed to large major cities like New York, where the buzz of activity is ongoing. These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. The right urban mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.
1. What do we learn about American cities twenty years ago?
A.They were divided into residential and business areas.
B.Their housing prices were linked with their prosperity.
C.There was a clear divide between large and small cities.
D.They were places where large investment capital flowed.
A B C D
C
[解析] 定位:根据题干的信息词American cities twenty years ago,可以将答案线索定位在文章第一段。 文章第一段第一句话提到:“20年前,美国城市土地学会将本国的主流城市划分为两大类:按照标准的朝九晚五商业模式运行的较小城市和全天24小时无休的大都市。”选项C是对该句话的同义转述,其中a clear divide和原文中的defined都表示“清楚的划分”,故选项C为正确答案。选项A在文中未提及,很容易排除。选项B和选项D的干扰源都来自第一段第二句话,虽然该句话提到housing prices(房价)和investment capital flows(投资资本流动),但并没有提到房价和城市繁荣程度相关,也没有提到20年前美国城市拥有大量投资资本流动,故这两项均排除。
2. What can be inferred from the passage about 18-hour cities?
3. Years ago, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities ______.
A.had hardly any business activity
B.were crowded in business hours
C.exhibited no signs of prosperity
D.looked deserted in the evenings
A B C D
D
[解析] 定位:根据题干中的信息词downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities,可以将答案线索定位在文章第三段。 文章第三段第二至四句提到:“几十年来,居住在郊区的工人们下班后就离开了许多中小型城市的中心区。向市中心外迁移非常普遍,居住在市中心的住户主要是贫穷的工薪族。这就造成了市中心夜间商业的萧条,使得商业发展和征收维系市政运营的税收很困难。”由此可知,选项D是对该部分内容的总结概括,故为正确答案。选项A和C说法过于绝对,如果加上in the evenings就对了,文章提到的是晚上市中心区域的商业萧条,而没有说白天也如此。选项B在文中没有提及,属于无中生有,故排除。
4. What characterizes the new downtown areas in 18-hour cities?
A.A sudden emergence of the knowledge industry.
B.Flooding in of large crowds of migrant workers.
C.Modernized housing and improved infrastructure.
D.More comfortable life and greater upward mobility.
A B C D
C
[解析] 定位:根据题干中的信息词characterizes和new downtown areas in 18-hour cities,可以将答案线索定位在文章第四段。 文章第四段第一句话提到:“在改造后的市中心区域,现代住宅林立,步行去当地餐馆就餐、购物和娱乐都很方便,尤其是融入改善后的自行车骑行的相关基础设施和公共交通系统后。”这里的transforming downtown areas(改造市中心)就是指改造new downtown areas in 18-hour cities。很显然,选项C提到的林立的现代住宅和改善后的基础设施正是该句话提到的特点,故为正确答案。选项A的干扰源来自第四段第二句话,该句话虽然提到了knowledge和industries,但没有提到知识集约型产业的突然出现,故排除。选项B在原文中未提及,也排除。选项D中的more comfortable life如果说是对这些特点的总结概括,greater upward mobility却无从提起,故排除。
5. What have 18-hour cities brought to the local residents?
Passage Two Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One of the theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion. Lozanov's instructional technique is based on the evidence that the connections made in the brain through unconscious processing (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made through conscious processing. Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often remember what we have perceived peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn. If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheral details—the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it—than the content on which were concentrating. If we think of a lecture we listened to with great concentration, we will recall the lecturer's appearance and mannerisms, our place in the auditorium, the failure of the air-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn. Even if these peripheral details are a bit elusive, they come back readily in hypnosis or when we relive the event imaginatively, such as in psychodrama. The details of the content of the lecture, on the other hand, seem to have gone forever. The suggestopedic approach to foreign language learning provides a good illustration. In its most recent variant (1980), it consists of the reading of vocabulary and text while the class is listening to music. The first session is in two parts. In the first part, the music is classical (Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms) and the teacher reads the text slowly and solemnly, with attention to the dynamics of the music. The students follow the text in their books. The teacher's task is to assist the students to apply what they have learned paraconsciously, and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciousness. While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method. They do not have enough 'faith'. They do not see it as 'real teaching', especially as it does not seem to involve the 'work' they have learned to believe that it is essential to learning.
1. The book Education Psyche is mainly talked about ______.
A.the power of suggestion in learning
B.how emotion effects human beings
C.the importance of conscious mind on learning
D.new ways of learning
A B C D
D
[解析] 主旨题。题干问,《心灵暗示教育》这本书主要谈论什么?根据书名定位于第一段,意为这本书着眼于激进的新式学习方法,描述了情感,想象力以及潜意识对学习的影响。选项D new ways of learning与new approaches to learning为同义替换。选项A为干扰项,虽然第一段最后一句提到暗示的作用,但却是这本书中的一个理论,以偏概全,故不选。
2. Lozanov's theory suggests that, we are more likely to remember ______.
A.the purpose of our learning
B.the topic of one lecture
C.the content of a book
D.those unimportant details
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。根据人名定位于第二段。文中提到If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheral details—the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library...意为“如果我们回想前几个月或者前几年学过的课本,会发现我们很容易想起一些无关紧要的细节,如颜色、装订、字体或者阅读此书时在图书馆坐过的桌子。”由此可推断,这些都是不重要的细节,即证实了本段第一句论点,大脑容易记住无意识状态下所作出的各种联系。选项A、B、C均为重要内容。
3. Why the author mentioned foreign language learning?
A.Because of the popularity of foreign language learning.
B.To disapprove the theory claimed by Lozanov.
C.To support Loanov's theory about method of learning is scientific.
D.To identify students' IQ.
A B C D
C
[解析] 推断题。为什么作者提到外语学习?定位于原文第三段第一句The suggestopedic approach to foreign language learning provides a good illustration. 意为“外语教学中的暗示法便是很好的证明。”即选项C,是为了证明暗示法的科学性。
4. What are the variables included in the example of suggstopedic approach in Paragraph 3?
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
1. 泼水节(the Water-Splashing Festival)是傣族(the Dai minority)最隆重的传统节日。泼水节在傣历(Dai calendar)中是新年,在拥有很多少数民族的云南省,这个节日拥有最大的影响力和最多的参与者。在这个节日里,无论男女老少都将盛装打扮,他们会端着干净的水去佛教寺院。首先他们会清洗佛像,然后开始向彼此泼水来祈求好运、幸福和健康。洒在一个人身上的水越多,他将会越开心快乐。傣族人们还将邀请其他少数民族和其他远道而来的游客一起泼水来庆祝这个节日。
Water-Splashing Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival of the Dai minority. Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year in the Dai calendar, and also a festival with the largest influence and the largest number of participants in Yunnan province where there are a lot of ethnic minorities. In this festival, the Dai People, male and female, old and young, will get dressed up and shoulder clean water to the Buddhist Temple. They will first bathe the Buddha and then begin to splash water to each other to pray for luck, happiness and health. The more water one person is sprinkled, the happier he/she will be. Dai People will also invite people from other ethnic minorities and tourists coming from afar to splash water to celebrate the festival.