银符考试题库-在线练习-翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟37

翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟37

Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar
This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.

Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

1. It is natural for people to become ______ by both visible and invisible walls or barriers while communicating with people from different cultures, such as physical, language, perceptual and gender barriers.

A.liberated
B.released
C.trapped
D.disentangle

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：人们在与不同文化背景的人交流时，很自然地会陷入有形和无形的墙或障碍，如身体、语言、感知和性别的障碍。
   试题解析：A．liberated　v. 解放；放出；释放
   B．released　v. 释放；放开；发泄
   C．trapped　v. 使……陷入险境或困境；夹住，绊住
   D．disentangled　v. 解开；松开
   只有C选项trapped能与walls or barriers搭配，其他三个选项均不符合句意，故C为正确选项。

2. The king offered animal ______ and communicated with his ancestors by interpreting the cracks on heated cattle bones or tortoise shells that had been prepared by professional diviners.

A.safeguards
B.sacrifices
C.safaris
D.sanctification

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：国王进行动物祭祀，并由职业占卜者对准备好的加热过的牛骨或龟甲壳上的裂缝进行阐释，以此来与祖先交流。
   试题解析：A．safeguards　n. 保护；保卫；保护措施
   B．sacrifices　n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉
   C．safaris　n. 狩猎远征，游猎
   D．sanctification　n. 神圣化，神灵化
   根据上下文的意思推断出animal sacrifices(动物祭祀)符合句意。选项B的sacrifice和选项D的sanctification的区别在于：sacrifice指的是用动物做祭品，或进行供奉，而sanctification指的是把某一物神圣化，不一定供奉起来或进行祭祀。故选项B为正确答案。

3. In Cairns, Australia, the local master plan ______ "tropical urbanism" that conveys a sense of place through landscaping features.

A.elucidates
B.emancipates
C.embraces
D.embodies

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：在澳大利亚的凯恩斯，当地的总体规划包含了“热带都市生活”，即通过景观特征传达一种地方感。
   试题解析：A．elucidates　v. 阐明，说明
   B．emancipates　v. 解放，释放
   C．embraces　v. 拥抱；包含，包括
   D．embodies　v. 体现，使具体化；具体表达
   C选项embraces有“包含，包括”的意思，其他选项均不符合句意，故C为正确答案。

4. The potential Achilles ______ in this country is crime and insecurity and the remedy of the president is likely to be more political theater, at which he is a master.

A.hull
B.hell
C.heel
D.hail

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：这个国家潜在的致命弱点是犯罪和不安全，而总统的补救方法可能更多的是政治作秀，他在这方面是大师。
   试题解析：A．hull　n. 船体
   B．hell　n. 地狱
   C．heel　n. 脚后跟，脚踵
   D．hail　n. 冰雹
   Achilles heel是固定短语，意为“致命弱点”，故C为正确选项。
   知识拓展：Achilles heel
   该短语源自希腊神话，据荷马史诗记载，阿喀琉斯号称希腊第一勇士，但是他的脚后跟是其身体唯一的一处没有浸泡到冥河水的地方，成为他唯一的弱点，后来在特洛伊战争中被箭射中脚后跟而丧命。现引申为唯一的弱点、致命的弱点。如：
   The transport in this city has been considered a potential Achilles heel.
   这个城市的交通被认为是潜在的致命弱点。

5. The World Bank expects to ______ the program this fall at its annual meetings, and later to replicate it in other countries.

A.laud
B.lurk
C.launch
D.lug

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：世界银行希望在今年秋天召开的年会上启动这个方案，之后再在其他国家复制该方案。
   试题解析：A．laud　v. 赞美，称赞
   B．lurk　v. 潜伏，埋伏
   C．launch　v. 发起，发动
   D．lug　v. (用力)拉，拖
   只有launch和the program最为匹配，故C为正确选项。

Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement
In each of them one word is underlined, and below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

1. Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the end of words. End rhyme occurs when rhyming words appear at the end of lines. Internal rhyme occurs when rhyming words fall within a line.

A.Intense
B.Intimate
C.Interior
D.Intrepid

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：押韵是单词结尾的声音重复。尾韵是指在行尾出现押韵的单词。内韵发生在押韵的词落在一行之内。
   试题解析：A．Intense　adj. 强烈的；紧张的
   B．Intimate　adj. 亲密的，亲近的
   C．Interior　adj. 内部的，里面的
   D．Intrepid adj，无畏的，勇敢的
   画线词internal意为“内部的，里面的”，与其意思相近的词是选项C的interior，其他选项均不符合句意，故C为正确选项。

2. The mentality of the English middle class was in close connection with the rise and fall of the Empire with its spatial transformations.

A.dimensional
B.structural
C.geometrical
D.symmetrical

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：英国中产阶级的心态与帝国的兴衰和空间变化密切相关。
   试题解析：A．dimensional　adj. 空间的
   B．structural　adj. 结构的；建筑的
   C．geometrical　adj. 几何的，几何学的
   D．symmetrical　adj. 匀称的，对称的
   画线词spatial意为“空间的”，与其意思相近的词是选项A的dimensional，其他选项均不符合句意，故A为正确选项。

3. "It is important to stop with the thinking that arid land is infertile, useless land," said Professor Appelbaum, who pioneered the concept of desert aquaculture in Israel in the late 1980s.

A.fruitful
B.prolific
C.barren
D.cultivated

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：“重要的是，不要再让人们认为干旱的土地是不肥沃、没用的土地。”阿佩尔鲍姆教授说。他在20世纪80年代末在以色列开创了沙漠水产养殖的概念。
   试题解析：A．fruitful　adj. 富有成效的；多产的
   B．prolific　adj. 多产的；丰富的
   C．barren　adj. 贫瘠的；荒芜的
   D．cultivated　adj. 用于耕种的；培植的
   画线词infertile意为“不肥沃的，贫瘠的”，与其意思相近的词是选项C的barren，故C为正确选项。

4. Increasingly, SOHO is emerging as a(n) inevitable trend and companies and employees will work out new ways of cooperation and coordination in the future.

A.optional
B.arbitrary
C.unavoidable
D.random

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：SOHO越来越成为一种不可避免的趋势，未来公司和员工将会找到新的合作和协调的方式。
   试题解析：A．optional　adj. 可选择的，随意的
   B．arbitrary　adj. 任意的，武断的
   C．unavoidable　adj. 不可避免的
   D．random　adj. 随机的，任意的
   画线词inevitable意为“不可避免的”，与之意思相近的词是选项C的unavoidable，其他选项均不符合句意，故C为正确选项。

5. The river Arno is a crucial symbol in this novel. Its transformation of color and strength conveys the protagonist's corresponding feelings and emotions.

A.uniformity
B.alteration
C.homogeneity
D.correlation

A B C D

[解析] 句子译文：阿诺河是小说中一个重要的象征。其色彩和力量的转换传达了主人公相应的情感与情绪。
   试题解析：A．uniformity　n. 一致(性)，统一(性)
   B．alteration　n. 改变，变更
   C．homogeneity　n. 同质，同种
   D．correlation　n. 关联，相互关系
   画线词transformation意为“转化，转换，变化”，与之意思相近的词是alteration，其他选项均不符合句意，故B为正确选项。

Part 3 Correcting Grammatical Errors
In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error, and below each, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined parts so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

1. Generally speaking, other things are equal, firms with a high return on equity and profit retention, have a higher growth rate than firms that don't share these attributes.

A.other things were equal
B.other things be equal
C.other things being equal
D.other things been equal

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查分词的独立结构的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：一般来说，在其他条件相同的情况下，拥有较高净资产收益率和利润保留率的公司的增长率要高于那些不具有这类属性的公司。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：画线部分与后面的句子为两个独立的分句，中间使用逗号分隔，缺少连词，所以结构不正确。
   (2)选项分析：分词的独立主格结构由“名词/代词+分词”构成，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随。选项A和B无法构成独立主格结构，故排除；由于other things和equal是主动关系，故应使用现在分词，故排除D，选C。

2. There are many factors that determine your likelihood to develop cancer, including age, genetic predisposition and lifestyle.

A.likelihood of developing cancer
B.likelihood in developing cancer
C.likelihood for developing cancer
D.likelihood to developing cancer

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查词汇固定搭配的运用。
[解析] 句子译文：有许多因素决定着你得癌症的可能性，包括年龄、遗传易感性和生活方式。
试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：
likelihood意为“可能，可能性”，其常用短语搭配为the likelihood of，表示“……的可能性”。
画线部分将likelihood(the likelihood of)与likely(be likely to)混淆使用，因此错误。
(2)选项分析：由于the likelihood of后接名词/动名词，故可以排除B、C、D，因此该题选A。

3. During the last ice age, which finished about 12,000 years ago, enormous ice masses covered huge swathes of land now inhabiting millions of people.

A.inhabit
B.inhabited by
C.inhabited
D.to be inhabited by

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查非谓语动词(过去分词)的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：在大约12000年前结束的最后一个冰河时代，巨大的冰团覆盖了如今我们居住的大片土地。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：由句子结构可以判断，主句中的主语为enormous ice masses，谓语动词为covered，宾语为huge swathes of land，其后的成分作后置定语修饰land。分词具有动词特征，同时又具有形容词特征，故可以在句中作定语。分词置于被修饰中心词之前时称为前置定语；分词置于被修饰中心词之后时称为后置定语。inhabit与其修饰的名词land是被动关系，因此需要采用过去分词作后置定语，故画线部分错误。
   (2)选项分析：过去分词作后置定语在语态上表被动，因此可以排除A选项。C选项inhabited后须接by连接millions of people，表示被动关系，故排除。D选项不定式表示将要发生的动作，与句意不符，故排除。因此，该题正确选项为B。

4. Quite often, despite our suspicions of we have a lot in common with and could even be friends with our heroes, they remain out of reach.

A.about
B.which
C.when
D.that

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查同位语从句的运用。
[解析] 句子译文：尽管我们怀疑自己和偶像们有很多共同点，甚至可以和他们成为朋友，但往往他们对我们而言仍是遥不可及的。
试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：介词of后不可以接完整的句子作宾语，故画线处错误。
(2)选项分析：同上所述，介词about亦不能引导完整句子，故A选项排除。当连接代词which或连接副词when引导同位语从句时，不仅要起到连接作用，还要在句中担任成分，然而画线处后面的句子结构完整，不需要其他成分，故排除B和C。D选项中that连接同位语从句的时候，只起到连接作用，不需要充当从句中的任何成分，故符合句意，因此选D。

5. We all know that siblings are more similar to each other than are cousins, which reflects the fact that siblings have a more recent common ancestor than cousins are.

A.are cousins
B.cousins do
C.cousins did
D.cousins doing

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查比较状语从句的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：我们都知道，兄弟姐妹比堂兄弟姐妹长得更像彼此，这说明兄弟姐妹比堂兄弟姐妹在家谱上更接近共同的祖先。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：than可以引导比较状语从句，并且如果比较状语从句的谓语与主句的谓语相同，可用do，did，does代替。由该题主句的谓语动词have可以判断画线部分are使用错误。
   (2)选项分析：同上述理由可以排除选项A。than引导比较状语从句时，从句语序既可以倒装，也可以不倒装。B选项在than后用do代替前面主句的谓语动词have，且将do提至cousins前进行了倒装，符合than引导比较状语从句的用法。C选项为时态错误，前面主语谓语动词have为一般现在时，故不能用did替代。D选项doing无法替代前面的谓语动词have，故错误。

6. The color we perceive depending not only on the actual color of light but its brightness and whether our eyes are dark-adapted.

A.depends
B.to depend
C.dependent
D.depended

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查基本句子结构的判断。
   [解析] 句子译文：我们感知的颜色不仅取决于光的实际颜色，还取决于其亮度以及我们的眼睛对黑暗的适应能力。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：该句的主语为The color we perceive，其中we perceive作后置定语修饰color，谓语动词应为depend on，宾语为介词on后面的并列成分。画线部分误用现在分词depending，导致该句缺少谓语动词和宾语，故错误。
   (2)选项分析：A选项depends可以作the color的宾语，构成完整的句子结构，故正确。B选项为非谓语动词，故排除。C选项dependent为形容词，不符合句意。D选项为过去式，而该句为客观事实，需用一般现在时，故排除。因此，该题正确选项为A。

7. There's no point at dwelling on past mistakes if you can't learn any lessons from them.

A.to dwelling
B.of dwelling
C.dwelling
D.to dwell

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查非谓语动词的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：如果你不能从过去的错误中吸取教训，再怎么沉溺其中也是没有意义的。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：There is no good/no use/no point (in) doing sth. 是常见结构，表示“做……是没有用的”。画线部分错误使用了介词at，故不正确。
   (2)选项分析：There is no good/no use/no point (in) doing sth. 结构中的介词in可以省略，因此排除A、B和D，选C。

8. No one would expect there to such a strong disagreement among world leaders about how to address trade imbalances and exchange rates.

A.there be
B.there to be
C.there being
D.there having been

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查非谓语动词(不定式)的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：没有人会料想到世界各国领导人在如何解决贸易失衡和汇率问题方面存在的分歧竟会如此巨大。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：动词expect后面往往接不定式或从句，故画线处使用错误。
   (2)选项分析：there be结构的非谓语形式有两种，即there to be和there being。该结构的非谓语动词结构作宾语时，其使用形式取决于谓语动词的固定搭配。由于expect的常规用法为expect sb. to do sth.，故可以判断该处应使用there to be，因此排除A、C和D，选B。

9. The research team claimed that it was impossible for there was a mistake in their facial recognition system.

A.there being
B.there to be
C.there has to be
D.there having been

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查非谓语动词(不定式)的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：该研究团队声称他们的面部识别系统不可能会出错。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析： “It is+形容词+for+代词/名词+to do sth.”结构表示说话人对客观事件的一种判断，通常可以转换为“To do sth. is+形容词”结构，所以可以判断画线部分应采用不定式结构，故画线部分错误。
   (2)选项分析：A、C和D选项皆不符合不定式结构，因此排除，故该题选B。

10. No sooner had the schools been opened before reports of coronavirus cases started piling up from all over Germany, and many schools have had to close again.

A.than
B.when
C.as
D.while

A B C D

[考点] 该题考查倒装结构的运用。
   [解析] 句子译文：学校刚一开学，德国各地就开始出现感染新冠病毒的病例报道，导致许多学校不得不再次停课。
   试题解析：(1)画线部分错误分析：no sooner位于句首时，后面的句子需要倒装，且必须用than连接，构成no sooner...than结构，表示“一……就……”。所以，画线部分使用before错误。
   (2)选项分析：由倒装结构no sooner...than可以判断A为正确选项。

Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
In this section you will find after the passage a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choice to answer the question or complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
For billions of people around the world, life at home has taken on a new significance this year. Flats and houses have become workplaces, gyms, schools and living spaces all rolled into one by national lockdowns. It has also meant that many of us are spending more time than ever with the gadgets we have welcomed into our homes—so-called "smart" devices connected to the Internet that can be controlled with our voices or via apps on our phones. From virtual assistants like Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri and Google Home, to smart light bulbs, kettles, security cameras and thermostats, they are collectively known as the Internet of Things (loT). Many of our household appliances now come embedded with sensors and the ability to connect to wireless networks, allowing them to gather data about how we use them, and communicate with other devices in our homes.
In 2017, there were an estimated 27 billion IoT connected devices and this network is expected to grow by 12% every year to reach more than 125 billion devices by 2030. The hope is that smart devices can save us time and effort in the home by helping us digitize and automate our lives. They are designed to make our lives more convenient, save us time and keep us safe. Take the Internet-connected video doorbells that many people now have beside their front door. They make it possible to see who has come to call and even talk to them without having to open the door and risk exposure to the coronavirus. According to the global technology market firm ABI Research, the sales of smart devices is set to increase by as much as 30% (compared to the same time last year) as a result of the coronavirus outbreak. But there are some who fear smart devices like these may actually pose a risk to the very people who share their home with them. These tools of convenience are being turned into weapons of domestic abuse.
Although there are many ways abuse and control can manifest in households, technology is providing new opportunities for abusers to control, harass and stalk their victims. The mobile phone, in particular, can provide a way of tracking and monitoring the activity of a partner or a child without their consent or knowledge. With a growing number of devices in our homes capable of gathering data about our movements and daily behavior, the Internet of Things has the potential to transform how this sort of technology-enabled abuse can take place. Tech abuse doesn't start and end with location tracking. When smart home technology in a dwelling is controlled by just one person, it can strip control from the others living there. Surveillance can easily develop into active stalking, and what was once invisible becomes a tangible feeling of threat or a physical confrontation.
In a world of superfast broadband and instant voice commands, victims of IoT-related abuse have few helplines or support groups to turn to. It isn't possible to have a single advice leaflet that can help every victim of IoT-related abuse, says Tanczer. But when someone calls for support, they should be able to speak with someone who isn't just familiar with the latest Amazon Echo or Google Home Hub but can also evaluate the risk of taking certain actions given a person's current circumstances. Such a system has already taken shape in Australia. Under the guidance of the eSafety commissioner, Julie Inman Grant, the Australian government has a centralized tech abuse unit that victims and survivors can call for up-to-date, IoT-savvy support.
Keeping laws in line with emerging technology is challenging, but in many cases the people buying the technology still have to figure out what is and isn't acceptable behavior. Currently, smart devices are actually still relatively dumb. Their core feature is their wireless capability and connection to other devices in the home. The "smart" label is a misnomer. But that is likely to change. As loT systems make greater use of artificial intelligence and become more automated, we all need to teach ourselves about just how they can be used and misused.

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the IoT according to Paragraph 1? ______

A.Personal assistant.
B.Security cameras.
C.Kitchen ware.
D.Light bulbs.

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：B选项“监控摄像头”(security cameras)、C选项“厨具”(kettle)、D选项“电灯泡”(light bulbs)在原文都有提及，故选A。原文说的是虚拟助手如Siri，并非私人助理。

2. ______ is NOT a feature of IoT according to Paragraph 1.

A.Internet-based
B.Sensor-equipped
C.Data-driven
D.Safety-ensured

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：根据本段最后一句“...embedded with sensors and the ability to connect to wireless networks, allowing them to gather data about how we use them.”可知，物联网设备具有联网、安装有芯片、收集数据的特点。D选项“安全保障”仅仅是物联网的一个理想状态，并不能完全保证。

3. What is the reason why IoT witnesses such a rapid development in recent years? ______

A.It saves us time to make everyday decisions.
B.It helps us get rid of life trivialities.
C.It promises convenience, shorter time, and safety.
D.It creates a safe digital environment.

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：根据第二段第三句“They are designed to make our lives more convenient, save us time and keep us safe.”可知，IoT设备的特点是让人们的生活更加便捷、省时和安全，故选C。

4. According to Paragraph 2, ______ is the negative impact that IoT may bring to people's lives.

A.exposing to the virus
B.intruding upon privacy
C.keeping family members isolated
D.leading to domestic abuse

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：A选项“遭受病毒危害”与原文相悖；B选项正确，但在第二段并未提及；C选项无中生有；D选项对应第二段最后一句话，故选D。

5. Which of the following statements about IoT is NOT correct? ______

A.It can be used to monitor others' homes.
B.It does not need the consent of users to work.
C.It could potentially amplify the effect of domestic abuse.
D.It could be used against the users' interests.

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：B选项较难判断，但是这种选项的错误类型比较明显，属于过于绝对类型，“不需要任何用户的同意即可运作”。A、C、D选项分别对应“监视”“家庭暴力”“违背用户的利益”，这三点在第二段和第三段中都有提及，故选B。

6. According to the passage, what is "tech abuse"? ______

A.Physical violence aided by technology.
B.Monitoring family members without their consent.
C.Gathering activity data.
D.Violating others' rights with the help of technology.

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：A、B、C选项都只涉及了技术滥用的一部分，故应选D，即“在技术的帮助下侵犯他人权利”。

7. The word "tangible" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.mysterious
B.specific
C.concrete
D.horrible

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：tangible意为“有形的，真实的”，如tangible evidence(证据确凿)。其词义与C选项concrete最接近。concrete作名词意为“水泥混凝土”，作形容词最常见的意思为“具体的，确实的”。

8. According to Paragraph 4, ______ may improve the experience of IoT.

A.providing timely tech help
B.increasing Internet feedback speed
C.asking for help from tech giants such as Amazon or Google
D.giving instant voice commands

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：根据第四段最后一句“...the Australian government has a centralized tech abuse unit that victims and survivors can call for up-to-date, IoT-savvy support.”可知，针对科技滥用的情况，适时推出专门应对的专业团队来提供及时的帮助，可以缓解科技滥用带来的负面影响，故选A。

9. According to Paragraph 5, we can learn that ______.

A.users should not take responsibilities for their tech-related unacceptable behavior
B.advanced technology does not necessarily bring about proper reactions from users
C.artificial intelligence will solve the "dumb" issue of smart devices once and for all
D.emerging technology does not conform to the law by nature

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：根据第五段第一句后半句“在很多情况下，购买科技产品的人们仍『日需要弄明白什么是可以被接受的行为”可知，高科技产品并不意味着其用户行为一定是得当的，故选B。

10. What is the best title of the passage? ______

A.How Smart Home Devices Can Be Turned Against You?
B.Are Smart Home Devices Really Smart?
C.Watch out for the Intrusion of Emerging Technology
D.The Solution of Containing Virus—IoT

A B C D

[解析] 试题解析：B、C选项探讨的问题只是文章的一部分，并不能概括全文；而D选项仅仅是第一段中引出IoT的一个时下例子，故应选A，即“智能家居设备是如何被用以违背你(的利益、隐私、意愿)的”。

Ⅲ Cloze Test
In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. Below the passage, each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
There are plenty of reasons to put our cellphones down now and then, not least the fact that 1 checking them takes us out of the present moment and disrupts family dinners around the globe. But here's one you might not have considered: Smartphones are ruining our 2 and it doesn't just mean a stiff neck. It can hurt us in 3 ways.
If you're in a public place, look around: How many people are 4 over a phone? Technology is 5 how we hold ourselves, contorting our bodies into 6 the New Zealand physiotherapist Steve August calls the islouch.
The average head weighs about 10 to 12 pounds. When we bend our necks forward 60 degrees, 7 we do to use our phones, the effective stress on our neck increases to 60 pounds—the weight of about five gallons of paint. When Mr. August started treating patients more than 30 years ago, he says he saw plenty of "dowagers' humps, where the upper back had frozen into a forward 8 ." Now he says he's seeing the same stoop in teenagers.
When we're sad, we slouch. We also slouch when we feel scared or powerless. In a study published in Health Psychology earlier this year, Nair and her colleagues 9 non-depressed participants to sit in an upright or slouched way and then had them answer a mock job-interview question. 10 upright sitters, the slouchers reported significantly 11 self-esteem and mood, and much greater fear. What's more, linguistic analyses revealed that slouchers were much more negative in what they had to say. The researchers concluded, "Sitting upright may be a simple behavioral strategy to help build 12 to stress."
Slouching can also affect our memory: In a study published last year in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of people with clinical depression, participants were randomly asked to sit in either a slouched or an upright position and then 13 with a list of positive and negative words. When they were later asked to recall those words, the slouchers showed a negative recall 14 (remembering the bad stuff more than the good stuff).
In fact, there appears to be a linear relationship between the size of your device and the extent to 15 it affects you: the smaller the device, the more you must contract your body to use it, and the more shrunken and inward your posture, the more 16 you are likely to become.
Ironically, while many of us spend hours every day using small mobile devices to increase our productivity and efficiency, interacting with these objects might do just the 17 , reducing our assertiveness and undermining our productivity. Fortunately, there are ways to fight the iHunch. Keep your head up and shoulders back when looking at your phone, even if that means holding it at eye level. You can also try 18 and massaging the two muscle groups that are involved in the iHunch—those between the shoulder blades and the ones along the sides of the neck. This helps reduce scarring and restores 19 .
Finally, the next time you reach for your phone, remember that it 20 slouching, and slouching changes your mood, your memory and even your behavior. Your physical posture could be the key to a happier mood and greater self-confidence.

A.increasingly
B.instantly
C.incessantly
D.intermediately

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为副词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：increasingly表示“越来越多地，不断增加地”；instantly表示“立刻地，马上地”；incessantly表示“不断地，不停地”；intermediately表示“中间地，中等地”。
   (1)句式分析：There are plenty of reasons to put our cellphones down now and then(there be结构), not least the fact that incessantly checking them takes us out of the present moment and disrupts family dinners around the globe(同位语从句).
   (2)句意判断：我们有很多理由时不时去放下手机。尤其是不停查看手机会让我们远离当下，扰乱家庭聚餐。

A.gesture
B.posture
C.behavior
D.condition

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为上下文理解及名词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：下文提到了僵硬的脖子(stiff neck)由此可见，使用智能手机会破坏人的体态。posture表示“姿势，仪态”；gesture表示“手势”；behavior表示“行为”；condition表示“状况，情形”。
   (1)句式分析：Smartphones(主语)are ruining(谓语)our posture(宾语)and it(指代ruining our posture)doesn't just mean(谓语)a stiff neck(宾语).
   (2)句意判断：智能手机正在破坏我们的姿势，这不仅仅意味着脖子僵硬。

A.physical
B.psychological
C.biological
D.chronological

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为上下文理解。
   [解析] 试题解析：从下文我们可以发现，使用智能手机不单单会损害我们的形体，还会对我们的心理状况造成影响。
   (1)句式分析：It(主语)can hurt(谓语)us(宾语)in psychological ways(状语)。
   (2)句意判断：它还会对我们的心理状况造成伤害。

A.hunching
B.standing
C.sitting
D.holding

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为固定搭配。
   [解析] 试题解析：hunch over表示“弯腰驼背”。
   (1)句式分析：原句是一个特殊疑问句。
   (2)句意判断：有多少人弯着腰对着手机?
   词汇拓展：hunch　n. 直觉；预感
   e.g. I had a hunch that you'd be here.
   直觉告诉我你会来这儿。
   Sometimes you have to be prepared to act on a hunch.
   有时候你得准备好按直觉行事。

A.transforming
B.deforming
C.reforming
D.conforming

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为动词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：transform表示“转变”；deform表示“扭曲，变形”；reform表示“改革”；conform表示“顺从，遵从；随大流，顺应习俗”。
   (1)句式分析：Technology(主语)is transforming(谓语)how we hold ourselves(宾语从句)…
   (2)句意判断：技术正在改变我们支撑自我的方式……

A.how
B.that
C.what
D.as

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为语法知识。
   [解析] 试题解析：
   (1)句式分析：Technology is transforming how we hold ourselves, contorting our bodies into(非谓语)what the New Zealand physiotherapist Steve August calls the islouch(宾语从句).
   (2)句意判断：科技正在改变我们支撑自我的方式，将我们的身体扭曲成新西兰理疗师史蒂夫·奥古斯特所说的“智能手机式弯腰驼背”。

A.what
B.as
C.by
D.which

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为语法知识。
   [解析] 试题解析：
   (1)句式分析：When we bend our necks forward 60 degrees(条件状语从句)，as we do to use our phones(方式状语), the effective stress on our neck increases to 60 pounds(主句)—the weight of about five gallons of paint(补充说明).
   (2)句意判断：当我们把脖子向前弯曲60度，像我们使用手机那样，我们脖子上的有效压力就会增加到60磅——大约相当于5加仑油漆的重量。

A.curse
B.curve
C.curb
D.circle

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为上下文理解及名词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：上文提到，科技正在改变我们支撑自我的方式，将我们的身体扭曲成新西兰理疗师史蒂夫·奥古斯特所说的“智能手机式弯腰驼背”。因此，这里应该说的是驼背。curse表示“诅咒”；curve表示“弧线，弯曲”；curb表示“控制，约束”；circle表示“圆圈”。
   (1)句式分析：When Mr. August started treating patients more than 30 years ago(时间状语从句), he says he saw plenty of "dowagers' humps, where the upper back had frozen into a forward curve."
   (2)句意判断：奥古斯特说30多年前开始治疗病人时，他看到了大量的“老年驼背”，他们的上背部已经僵硬，发生弯曲。

A.allied
B.dispatched
C.assigned
D.elected

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为动词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：ally表示“联合”；dispatch表示“发送，派遣”；assign表示“指派，让某人做”；elect表示“选举”。
   (1)句式分析：In a study published in Health Psychology earlier this year, Nair and her colleagues(主语)assigned(谓语)non-depressed participants(宾语)to sit(宾语补足语)in an upright or slouched way(状语)and then had them answer a mock job-interview question(and连接的第二个分句).
   (2)句意判断：在今年早些时候发表在《健康心理学》上的一项研究中，奈尔和她的同事们让非抑郁症参与者直立或没精打采地坐着。然后让他们回答一个模拟的求职面试问题。

10.

A.In addition to
B.Compared with
C.Apart from
D.According to

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为短语含义。
   [解析] 试题解析：文中，奈尔和她的同事们做了实验，将坐姿端正的人和没精打采的人的实验结果做比较。
   (1)句式分析：Compared with upright sitters(状语)，the slouchers(主语)reported(谓语)significantly lower self-esteem and mood, and much greater fear(宾语).
   (2)句意判断：与直立坐着的人相比，无精打采的人的自尊心明显较低，情绪也明显低落，畏惧感也更大。

11.

A.lower
B.higher
C.more
D.less

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为上下文理解。
   [解析] 试题解析：文中提到，弯腰驼背、没精打采的状态会对人的心理也造成伤害。因此，在实验中我们可以看到没精打采的人的自尊心也较低。
   (1)句式分析：Compared with upright sitters(状语), the slouchers(主语)reported(谓语)significantly lower self-esteem and mood,and much greater fear(宾语).
   (2)句意判断：与直立坐着的人相比，无精打采的人的自尊心明显较低，情绪也明显低落，畏惧感也更大。

12.

A.recovery
B.response
C.rejuvenation
D.resilience

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为名词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：recovery表示“恢复”；response表示“反应，回答”；rejuvenation表示“返老还童，恢复青春”；resilience表示“弹力，适应力，抵抗力”。
   (1)句式分析：The researchers(主语)concluded(谓语), "Sitting upright(主语)may be(情态动词+系动词)a simple behavioral strategy(表语)to help build resilience to stress(定语)."
   (2)句意判断：研究人员总结道：直立坐姿可能是一种简单的行为策略，有助于增强对压力的抵抗力。

13.

A.mixed
B.strewn
C.presented
D.given

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为动词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：mix表示“混合”；strew表示“撒，散布；(在……上)布满，撒满”；present表示“呈现，授予”；give表示“给予”。
   (1)句式分析：In a study published last year in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of people with clinical depression, participants(主语)were randomly asked(谓语1，被动语态)to sit in either a slouched or an upright position and then presented(谓语2，被动语态)with a list of positive and negative words.
   (2)句意判断：在去年发表在《临床心理学和心理疗法》中涉及长期抑郁患者的一项研究中，被试者被随机要求以无精打采或直立的姿势坐着，然后向他们展示一系列积极和消极的词汇。

14.

A.opinion
B.effect
C.purpose
D.bias

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为名词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：opinion表示“观点，看法”；effect表示“效果”；purpose表示“目的”；bias表示“偏向，偏见”。
   (1)句式分析：When they were later asked to recall those words(时间状语从句), the slouchers(主语)showed(谓语)a negative recall bias(宾语)(remembering the bad stuff more than the good stuff).
   (2)句意判断：当他们后来被要求回忆这些单词时，没精打采的人表现出负面的回忆偏向(记住坏的东西比记住好的东西更多)。

15.

A.what
B.which
C.how
D.that

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为语法知识。
   [解析] 试题解析：
   (1)句式分析：In fact，there appears to be a linear relationship between the size of your device and the extent to which it affects you.(定语从句，修饰the extent；to作为介词提前后关系代词只能用which而不能用that)
   (2)句意判断：事实上，设备的大小与其对您的影响程度之间似乎存在着线性关系。

16.

A.unyielding
B.rebellious
C.submissive
D.permissive

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为上下文理解及形容词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：上文提到，使用智能手机还会损害一个人的心理状况。设备的大小和它对人的影响程度之间也存在着线性关系。综合以上，设备越小，一个人在使用它的时候就越会蜷缩在一起，人的个性也会变得越顺从。
   (1)句式分析：原句是一句“the more...the more...”的比较结构的句子。
   (2)句意判断：设备越小，你就越需要蜷缩你的身体才能使用它，你的姿势越缩小、越向内，你就可能变得越顺从。

17.

A.same
B.right
C.opposite
D.end

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为上下文理解。
   [解析] 试题解析：文中提到，虽然许多人每天花几个小时使用小型移动设备来提高效率，但事实上使用这些设备可能会起到相反的作用，降低我们的自信和生产力。
   (1)句式分析：Ironically, while many of us spend hours every day using small mobile devices to increase our productivity and efficiency(让步状语从句)，interacting with these objects(主语)might do(谓语)just the opposite，reducing our assertiveness and undermining our productivity.
   (2)句意判断：虽然我们中的许多人每天会花数个小时使用小型移动设备来提高生产力和效率，但使用这些设备可能会起到相反的作用，降低我们的自信，破坏我们的生产力。

18.

A.stretching
B.ripping
C.scrambling
D.contracting

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为动词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：stretch表示“伸展，舒展”；rip表示“撕裂，划破”；scramble表示“争抢”；contract表示“收缩，压缩”。
   (1)句式分析：You(主语)can also try stretching and massaging(谓语)the two muscle groups(宾语)that are involved in the iHunch(定语从句)—those between the shoulder blades and the ones along the sides of the neck(补充说明).
   (2)句意判断：你也可以尝试拉伸和按摩智能手机式弯腰驼背中涉及的两个肌肉群——肩胛骨之间的肌肉群和颈部两侧的肌肉群。

19.

A.strength
B.elasticity
C.atrocity
D.agility

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为名词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：strength表示“力气”；elasticity表示“弹力，灵活性”；atrocity表示“凶狠的行为，暴行”；agility表示“灵敏度”。
   (1)句式分析：This(主语)helps reduce(谓语1)scarring(宾语1)and restores(谓语2)elasticity(宾语2).
   (2)句意判断：这有助于减少损伤，恢复弹性。

20.

A.increases
B.influences
C.induces
D.interferes

A B C D

[考点] 本题考点为动词词义。
   [解析] 试题解析：increase表示“增加，增长”；influence表示“影响”；induce表示“导致，诱使”；interfere表示“干扰，扰乱”。
   (1)句式分析：Finally, the next time you reach for your phone，(时间状语从句)remember that it induces slouching, and slouching changes your mood, your memory and even your behavior(宾语从句).
   (2)句意判断：最后，下次当你伸手拿手机时，记住它会让你变得无精打采。无精打采的状态会改变你的情绪、你的记忆，甚至你的行为。

Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar

Part 1 Vocabulary Selection

1 2 3 4 5

Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement

1 2 3 4 5

Part 3 Correcting Grammatical Errors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ⅲ Cloze Test

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

深色：已答题浅色：未答题