Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned 1 than it is about sadness. But it's usually 2 as sadness. Depression can 3 at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it's the United States' No. 1 4 problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior 5 change and she loses interest in activities she 6 enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What 7 depression? A 8 event can certainly bring 9 depression, but some will say it happens 10 a specific cause. So how do you know if you're just having a bad day 11 are really depressed? Depression affects your 12 , moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go 13 or are labeled 14 simply a bad case of the blues. Someone who's truly 15 depression will have 16 periods of crying spells, feelings of 17 (like not being able to change your situation) and 18 (tike you'll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often 19 from others, Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest 20 of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isn't treated.
[解析] 选项B“once”(从前，曾经)与其前后的部分结合在一起构成一个完整的定语从句，即“she once enjoyed”(她从前喜欢的)，用来限定修饰其前面的名词“activities”(活动)。该句话的主句所使用的是一般现在时，定语从句使用的是一般过去时，这一点已经暗示出了本题的正确选项B“once”(从前，曾经)。考生在解题时要注意原文中时态和语态等语法现象给出的暗示。
[解析] 选项B“without”(没有，无)与其前后的成分结合在一起构成“some will say it happens without a specific cause”(一些人会说抑郁症的发生没有特定的原因)。这句话与"but"一词前面的一句话形成对立对比关系。前面的一句话讲：有压力的事情能够产生抑郁症。考生在解题时要注意转折词前后的语意关系与表达形式。
[解析] 选项C“thoughts”(思想)在本句中借助于“and”与其后面的名词“moods， behavior，and your physical health"(情绪、行为、以及身体健康)结合在一起构成名词的并列平行结构。考生在解题时要注意识别并列平行结构，并且准确判断其中的语意关系。
12.
A.underestimated
B.unsettled
C.unexpected
D.unrecognized
A B C D
D
[解析] 选项D“unrecognized”(未被认识或注意到)与其前面的部分结合在一起构成“. . . often go unrecognized”(通常未被注意到)。这一部分借助于“or”与其后面的部分“are labeled as simply a bad case of the blues”构成了一个并列平行结构。“or”后面部分中的“simply”(简单地)一词暗示了“or”后面部分中所用的选项应该同样表达“缺乏深入理解和认识”之意，故选项D“unrecognized”(未认识到或未理解到)应为最佳选项。考生在解题时要注意并列平行结构，还要注意并列平行结构本身的语意关系。
[解析] 选项B“helplessness”(无助，无能)在原文中借助于“and”一词与其前后的“extended periods of crying spells”和“hopelessness”结合在一起构成名词的并列平行关系。第17题空白处后面括号中的词语含义(即：“无法改变自己的状况”)暗示了本题的正确选项B“helplessness”(无助，无能)。考生在解题时要注意原文中的一些解释说明词语所提供的解题思路。
17.
A.vibration
B.vicinity
C.reservation
D.hopelessness
A B C D
D
[解析] 选项D“hopelessness”(无望)在原文中借助于“and”一词与其前面的“extended periods of crying spells”和“feelings of helplessness”结合在一起构成了一个名词的并列平行结构。第18题空白处后面括号中的成分，即“you'll feel this way forever” (你觉得永远会这样下去)，明确暗示本题的正确选项D“hopelessness”(无望)。考生在解题时要注意原文中的解释说明词语所提供的暗示。
[解析] 选项C“danger”(危险)一词与其前后的成分结合起来构成一个完整的“主系表”结构，其含义是:“抑郁症最大的危险是自杀。”本题的正确选项C“danger”(危险)是通过全文最后一句中的“The risk of suicide”(自杀的危险)推导出来的。考生在解题时要注意上下句之间的语意联系。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 The iPad's impending arrival has created a commercial intrigue. A group of big publishers, including Macmillan and HarperCollins, have been using Apple's interest in e-books to persuade Amazon to renegotiate its pricing model. Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being radically reshaped by the growth of the Internet. Online retailers are already among the biggest distributors of books. Now e-books threaten to undermine sales of the old-fashioned kind. Mobclix, an advertising outfit, reckons the number of programs, or apps, for books on Apple's iPhone recently surpassed that for games, previously the largest category. In response, publishers are trying to shore up their conventional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales. For some time they have operated a "wholesale" pricing model with Amazon under which the online retailer pays publishers for books and then decides what it charges the public for them. This has enabled it to set the price of many new e-book titles and bestsellers at $ 9.99, which is often less than it has paid for them. Amazon has kept prices low in order to boost demand for its Kindle, which dominates the e-reader market but faces stiff competition from Sony and others. Publishers fret that this has conditioned consumers to expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry that the downward spiral will further erode their already thin margins—some have had to close imprints and lay off staff in recent years—as well as bring further dismay to struggling bricks-and-mortar booksellers. As a result, publishers have turned to Apple to help them twist Amazon's arm. Keen to line up lots of titles for new iPad owners, the company has agreed to an "agency model" under which publishers get to set the price at which their e-books are sold, with Apple taking 30% of the revenue generated. Faced with these deals, Amazon has reportedly agreed similar terms with several big publishers. As a result, the price of some popular e-books is expected to rise to $12.99 or $14.99. Once Apple and Amazon have taken their cut, publishers are likely to make less money on e-books under this new arrangement than under the wholesale one—a price they seem willing to pay in order to limit Amazon's influence and bolster print sales. Yet there are good reasons to doubt whether this and other strategies, such as delaying the release of electronic versions of new books for several months after the print launch, will halt the creeping commoditization of books. The publishing firms that survive what promises to be a wrenching transition will be those whose bosses and employees can learn quickly to think like multimedia impresarios rather than purveyors of perfect prose. Not all of them will be able to turn that particular page successfully.
1. In face of the increasing sales of e-books, publishers ______.
A.agree to an "agency model"
B.worry about the replacement of printed books by e-books
C.try every means to save their old-fashioned business
D.change their conventional business into e-book business
Text 2 Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management." European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real world" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
1. Bankers complained that they were forced to
A.follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.
B.collect payments from third parties.
C.cooperate with the price managers.
D.reevaluate some of their assets.
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。根据题干关键词Bankers complained和forced定位到第一段。“Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.”该句关键词为“rules”，四个答案中只有A项包含这个关键词，所以可以很快选出A项。
2. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in
4. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they
A.misinterpreted market price indicators.
B.exaggerated the real value of their assets.
C.neglected the likely existence of bad debts.
D.denied booking losses in their sale of assets.
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。根据关键词定位到第五段。第一句讲了作者认为银行on the wrong planet的观点，并补充说明原因(with)是其账户对资产价值的评估过高，因此B项“夸大了自身资产的真正价值”为正确答案，exaggerated the real value相当于原文的vastly overvalued。
5. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of
Text 3 Fat: what is it good for? Absolutely nothing, or so you might think. But obesity seems to protect mice against a fatal form of malaria-cerebral malaria. Working out how it has this effect might lead to new treatments for people. Although obesity is now on the rise in the developing world, it has traditionally been seen as a malaise of the rich. In contrast, malaria tends to be regarded as a disease of the poor, so few people have studied how the two conditions affect each other. In mice meanwhile, there are signs that diabetes, which often affects obese people, might offer some protection against malaria. To find out more about how obesity affects malaria in mice, Vincent Robert at the Institute for Development Research (IRD) in Paris, France, and colleagues injected 14 obese and 14 non-obese mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. After six days, eight of the non-obese mice died from cerebral malaria, which causes coma and death in humans, and the rest died about two weeks later from severe anemia because the parasite had destroyed their red blood cells. In contrast, none of the obese mice showed signs of cerebral malaria. Although they all eventually succumbed to severe anemia and died 18 to 25 days after infection, anemia can be treated-so obesity did seem to offer mice some useful protection. Exactly how the obese mice resist malaria is not clear, says Delphine Depoix from the Museum of Natural History in Paris, but there are several possibilities. One clue lies in a mutation in the gene coding for the leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, which makes the mice obese, but also controls the immune response. Previous research has shown that obese mice with the leptin mutation often react to infections with a "Th2" rather than "Th1" response. As Th1 in mice is thought to trigger the inflammation that helps cerebral malaria to kill its victims, Depoix speculates that the Th2 response might be protecting the obese mice. Another possible explanation is that the abnormally high blood sugar associated with obesity in both mice and people "might compensate" for the low blood sugar caused by severe malaria, says Depoix, allowing the mice to better cope with parasite infection. Andrew Prentice of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine says that figuring out how the mice resist malaria will be crucial to developing new treatments for people with malaria. His colleague Christopher Whitty warns that any insights drawn from these results are preliminary: "Mouse models are always useful in raising hypotheses but cannot settle them as far as cerebral malaria is concerned."
1. The first paragraph suggests that obesity ______.
A.has negative effect on the people.
B.appears helpful in protecting mice from cerebral malaria.
C.leads to new medical treatments for sick people.
D.does more good than harm to people.
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理判断题。第一段提到肥胖似乎使老鼠免于感染脑型疟，故B项与之相符。A项“肥胖有负面影响”，与文意obesity seems to protect相悖；C项leads to逻辑混乱，并非是“肥胖能够导致新的治疗药物的产生”，而是通过研究肥胖为何能使老鼠免于感染疟疾，来找到治疗的药物；D项中的“益处多于害处”在该段找不到原文依据。
2. Few people have conducted research on the relations between malaria and obesity because ______.
A.more and more people suffer from obesity in the developing world.
B.only a small number of the rich suffer from malaria.
C.both malaria and obesity are not prevalent in the world.
D.they were seen as the disease of the poor and of the rich respectively.
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。考查因果细节。第二段讲到由于两种疾病被看成两个不同群体(富人与穷人)所特有的疾病，所以很少有人关注肥胖与疟疾之间的联系，故D项正确。A项并非原因，仅是一个现象；B项并非原因，且only a small number是对原文内容的过度引申；C项not prevalent与文意“肥胖呈上升趋势”相悖，且与主干不构成因果关系。
3. After being injected with malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, the obese mice ______.
A.died from cerebral malaria.
B.died from the destruction of their red blood cells caused by severe anemia.
C.died from infection without showing signs of cerebral malaria.
D.were still alive thanks to the useful protection of obesity.
4. To which of the following statements would Delphine Depoix most probably agree?
A.The obese mice are likely to give reaction to infections with a "Th1"response.
B.The obese mice with the leptin mutation might be protected by "Th2" response.
C.The inflammation triggered by Th2 helps cerebral malaria to kill its victims.
D.Th1 in mice kills mice in a direct way.
A B C D
B
[解析] 观点态度题。根据Delphine Depoix定位到第四段。研究发现，瘦素突变的肥胖老鼠经常对传染病做出Th2反应，而Th2反应可能保护肥胖的老鼠，故B项与之相符。A项“Th1”response与“通常对传染病做出Th2反应，而不是Th1反应”相悖；C项triggered by Th2与“Th1会诱发炎症”不符；文中提到，老鼠的Th1会诱发炎症，从而促使脑型疟置患者于死地，因此D项in a direct way错误。
Text 4 When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator," she says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars." So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middlebrow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too." she says. Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.
1. By "Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet" (Para. 1), the author means
A.Spero can hardly maintain her business.
B.Spero is too much engaged in her work.
C.Spero has grown out of her bad habit
D.Spero is not in a desperate situation.
A B C D
D
[解析] 含义题。题干中短语的位置出现在原文第一段。而之后紧跟的But表明了第一句和第二句的转折关系。因此由But后所提到的Spero对业务量减少表示担忧可以推断出，转折前的意思应该是她认为情况不算太糟。此外，该表达与第三段的“not in despair”构成了照应关系，根据篇章的一致性，D项“Spero尚未陷入绝境”与上文构成了较佳的衔接关系，因此为正确答案。C项是该表达的字面含义。A项和B项都是断章取义。
2. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Would you be happier if you spent more time discussing the state of the world and the meaning of life-and less time talking about the weather? 1 "We found this so interesting, because it could have gone the other way-it could have been, 'Don't worry, be happy'—as long as you surf on the shallow level of life you're happy, and if you go into the existential depths you'll be unhappy," Dr. Mehl said. 2 "By engaging in meaningful conversations, we manage to impose meaning on an otherwise pretty chaotic world, " Dr. Mehl said. "And interpersonally, as you find this meaning, you bond with your interactive partner, and we know that interpersonal connection and integration is a core fundamental foundation of happiness." Dr. Mehl's study was small and doesn't prove a cause-and-effect relationship between the kind of conversations one has and one's happiness. 3 The study, published in the journal Psychological Science, involved 79 college students-32 men and 47 women-who agreed to wear an electronically activated recorder with a microphone on their lapel that recorded 30-second snippets of conversation every 12.5 minutes for four days, creating what Dr. Mehl called "an audio diary of their day." 4 A conversation about a TV show wasn't always considered small talk; it could be categorized as substantive if the speakers analyzed the characters and their motivations, for example. Many conversations were more practical and did not fit in either category, including questions about homework or who was taking out the trash, for example, Dr. Mehl said. Over all, about a third of all conversation was ranked as substantive, and about a fifth consisted of small talk. But the happiest person in the study, based on self-reports about satisfaction with life and other happiness measures as well as reports from people who knew the subject, had twice as many substantive conversations, and only one-third of the amount of small talk as the unhappiest, Dr. Mehl said. Almost every other conversation the happiest person had-45.9 percent of the day's conversations— were substantive, while only 21.8 percent of the unhappiest person's conversations were substantive. 5 Next, Dr. Mehl wants to see if people can actually make themselves happier by having more substantive conversations. "It's not that easy, like taking a pill once a day," Dr. Mehl said. "But this has always intrigued me. Can we make people happier by asking them, for the next five days, to have one extra substantive conversation every day?" A. It may sound unreasonable, but people who spend more of their day having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier, said Matthias Mehl, a psychologist at the University of Arizona. B. Just try having a substantive conversation in a group of moms...absolutely impossible. No matter what topic you start off with, the subject of the discussion invariably moves back to their kids. C. People who feel the most intensely will likely fall into the more extreme categories such as very happy or very sad, and the questionnaire likely attracted participants who were more in the "very happy" phase of their life because the very sad people are non-participants. D. Researchers then went through the tapes and classified the conversations as either small talk about the weather or having watched a TV show, and more substantive talk about current affairs, philosophy, the difference between Baptists and Catholics or the role of education. E. But, he proposed, substantive conversation seemed to hold the key to happiness for two main reasons. both because human beings are driven to find and create meaning in their lives, and because we are social animals who want and need to connect with other people. F. But that's the planned next step, when he will ask people to increase the number of substantive conversations they have each day and cut back on small talk, and vice versa. G. Small talk made up only 10 percent of the happiest person's conversations, while it made up almost three times as much-or 28.3 percent-of the unhappiest person's conversations.
[解析] 空白处位于段首，后文中提到什么样的对话归为闲聊，什么样的对话算深入讨论，什么样的对话什么都不算(not fit in either category)，因此段首内容必然和分类有关系了。只要看到这一点，该题很容易定位，D项中classified the conversations说的正是这一研究过程，故选D项。 C项也谈到了categories一词。但C项把人分成极度开心的与极度悲伤的两类人，与空格后的内容衔接不上。此外，该选项中的participants在文章中也没有提及。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. "Nobody really knows" was Donald Trump's assessment of man-made global warming, in an interview on December 11th. As far as the atmosphere is concerned, that puts him at odds with most scientists who have studied the matter. They do know that the atmosphere is warming, and they also know by how much. But turn to the sea and Mr. Trump has a point. 1 Though the oceans are warming too, climatologists readily admit that they have only a rough idea how much heat is going into them, and how much is already there. Many suspect that the heat capacity of seawater explains the climate pause of recent years, in which the rate of atmospheric warming has slowed. 2 But without decent data, it is hard to be sure to what extent the oceans are acting as a heat sink that damps the temperature rise humanity is visiting upon the planet—and, equally important, how long they can keep that up. This state of affairs will change, though, if a project described by Robert Tyler and Terence Sabaka to a meeting of the American Geophysical Union, held in San Francisco this week, is successful. 3 Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka, who work at the Goddard Space Flight Centre, in Maryland, observe that satellites can detect small changes in Earth's magnetic field induced by the movement of water. They also observe that the magnitude of such changes depends on the water's temperature all the way down to the ocean floor. That, they think, opens a window into the oceans which has, until now, been lacking. To measure things in the deep sea almost always requires placing instruments there—either by lowering them from a ship or by putting them on board submarine devices. 4 The supply of oceanographic research vessels, though, is limited, and even the addition in recent years of several thousand "Argo" probes (floating robots that roam the oceans and are capable of diving to a depth of 2,000 metres) still leaves ocean temperatures severely under-sampled. All this means that, if you know where and how ocean water is displaced, the changes in the magnetic field, as seen from a satellite, will tell you the heat content of that water. 5 Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka therefore built a computer model which tried this approach on one reasonably well-understood form of oceanic displacement, the twice-daily tidal movement caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon.
[解析] 文章概述：本文源于2016年12月7日的The Economist(《经济学人》)。原文标题为Climate science—How hot are the oceans?(《气候科学——海洋有多热?》)文章主要讨论了科学家对海水热容量的研究。气候变暖已经得到了充分的研究和关注，而海洋变暖对许多人来说还是个新领域。文章介绍了海洋对气候变暖发挥的作用及科学家们对海洋热容量的初步探索。 Though the oceans are warming too, climatologists readily admit that they have only a rough idea how much heat is going into them, and how much is already there. 本句的主干结构为...climatologists readily admit that...。though引导的是让步状语从句，that引导的是宾语从句，两个how much所引导的是两个并列的同位语从句，作idea的同位语。 (1)climatologists readily admit that they have only a rough idea: they指代的是前面的climatologists，气候学家。readily的意思是“乐意地；容易地，无困难地”。 (2)how much heat is going into them, and how much is already there: 这部分是前面idea的同位语，用来解释idea的具体内容。them指代though引导的让步状语从句中的oceans。 [参考译文] 在12月11日的一次采访中，唐纳德·特朗普对人为造成的全球变暖的评价是“没有人真正知道”。就大气层而言，此事使得特朗普与研究该问题的大多数科学家意见相左。他们知道气候正在变暖，而且他们也知道气温将升高多少。但是谈到海洋变暖一事，特朗普先生的观点似乎有道理。虽然海洋也在变暖，但气候学家们很乐意承认，他们只是粗略地估计了有多少热量会进入海洋，以及海洋中已经含有多少热量。 许多人认为海水的热容量解释了近年来的气候变化间歇，在间歇期间气候变暖的速度已经放缓。但是，由于没有足够的数据，很难确定海洋在多大程度上扮演着—个散热器的角色，这个散热器抑制了地球上人类正在面临的温度上升问题，而且同样重要的是，很难确定它们能抑制多久。 不过，如果在本周旧金山举行的美国地球物理学会上罗伯特·泰勒和特伦斯·沙巴卡所描述的项目成功的话，这种情况将会发生改变。在马里兰州戈达德太空飞行中心工作的泰勒博士和沙巴卡博士观察到，卫星可以探测到由水流运动引起的地球磁场的微小变化。他们还观察到，这些变化的程度取决于一直延伸到海底的水温。他们认为，这打开了一扇直到现在还未开启的通向海洋的窗口。探测深海中的物体几乎总是需要把仪器放置到深海里——要么把它们从船上放下来，要么把它们放在潜艇设备上。然而，海洋研究船只的供应有限，即使近年来增添了几千个“阿尔戈”探测器(漫游在海洋上的漂浮机器人，能够潜到2000米深处)，但海洋温度数据的测量取样仍然严重不足。 所有这一切意味着，如果你知道海水是在哪里以及如何被置换的，从卫星上看到的磁场变化就会告诉你海水的热容量。因此，泰勒博士和沙巴卡博士研制了一种计算机模型，该模型尝试将这种方法用于研究一种很容易理解的海洋位移形式，即由月球引力引起的每日两次的潮汐运动。
[解析] But without decent data，it is hard to be sure to what extent the oceans are acting as a heat sink that damps the temperature rise humanity is visiting upon the planet—and, equally important, how long they can keep that up. 本句的主干结构为..., it is hard to be sure...。主干为主系表结构，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to be sure，句中that引导限定性定语从句，修饰其前面的先行词heat sink, humanity is visiting upon the planet是省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰temperature rise。to be sure后面跟着两个并列的结构作宾语，一个是to what extent the oceans are acting as a heat sink，另一个是how long they can keep that up。 (1)to what extent the oceans are acting as a heat sink: to what extent是固定短语，意思是“在多大程度上”。heat sink的意思是“散热器；吸热部件”。 (2)that damps the temperature rise: 这是一个限定性定语从句，修饰前面的heat sink。damp的意思是“抑制，阻止，控制”。 (3)how long they can keep that up: they指代的是oceans, keep up的意思是“保持，继续”，that指的是damp the temperature rise“阻碍温度升高”。
[解析] Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka, who work at the Goddard Space Flight Centre, in Maryland, observe that satellites can detect small changes in Earth's magnetic field induced by the movement of water. 本句的主干结构为Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka...observe that...。句子为主从复合句。句中who引导非限定性定语从句，修饰其前面的先行词Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka。that引导宾语从句，作谓语observe的宾语。 (1)satellites can detect small changes in Earth's magnetic field：这部分是宾语从句中的主干部分，主语为satellites，谓语是can detect，宾语是small changes。magnetic field在此处是“磁场，磁力场”的意思。 (2)induced by the movement of water: induced是过去分词，用作后置定语，修饰changes。induce的意思是“引起，诱导”。
[解析] The supply of oceanographic research vessels, though, is limited, and even the addition in recent years of several thousand "Argo" probes (floating robots that roam the oceans and are capable of diving to a depth of 2,000 metres) still leaves ocean temperatures severely under-sampled. 本句的主干结构为The supply...is limited, and even the addition...still leaves ocean temperatures severely under-sampled，这是一个并列句，两个分句由并列连词and连接。括号中的内容用来解释"Argo" probes的具体内容，其中that引导定语从句，修饰其前面的先行词robots。 (1)The supply of oceanographic research vessels, though, is limited: oceanographic的意思是“海洋学的，有关海洋学的”，research vessels的意思是“海洋调查船，考察船”。 (2)floating robots that roam the oceans and are capable of diving to a depth of 2,000 metres: that引导的定语从句修饰robots，用来解释括号外面的probes“探测器；探针；探头”。roam的意思是“漫游，漫步”。 (2)leaves ocean temperatures severely under-sampled: leave在这里是系动词，意思是“使得……”。under-sampled本意为“抽样不足的，欠采样的”，在这里的意思是“对海洋温度的测量取样不足”。
[解析] Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka therefore built a computer model which tried this approach on one reasonably well-understood form of oceanic displacement, the twice-daily tidal movement caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon. 本句的主干结构为Dr. Tyler and Dr. Sabaka therefore built a computer model which...。which引导限定性定语从句，修饰其前面的先行词model。 (1)which tried this approach on one reasonably well-understood form of oceanic displacement: which指前面的“计算机模型”，well-understood form可以翻成“容易理解的形式，比较熟悉的形式”，oceanic displacement本意是“海洋位移”，可以理解为“海水的移动”。 (2)the twice-daily tidal movement caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon:这部分是前面oceanic displacement的同位语，指的是由月球引力引起的每日两次的潮汐运动。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: Now you are working as an apprentice in a working unit. Next week, you cannot go to work. Write a note to your manager, Mr. Li, asking for leave, stating your reason(s), and making an apology. Write your note with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note; use "Li Ming" instead.
A Sick Leave
Dear Li, I'm writing to you to ask for sick leave. I am an apprentice in the distribution department. I've got flu and have been feeling bad these days, with the symptoms of headache, nausea and sickness. In addition, I've also suffered from loss of appetite, excessive fatigue, fever and chills. Thus I think that I need to do a health check-up, so I have made an appointment with a doctor of No. 304 Hospital of People's Liberation Army next Monday. Therefore I cannot come and work then. I hope that you are kind enough to give me one day off. I feel sorry for the inconvenience I have caused.
Sincerely yours, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments.
As is shown in the drawing above, a man is shocked by what he bought when he unpacks the "luxury Zongzi" and finds only one small Zongzi in it. As a matter of fact, we often buy over-packaged goods with little value at very high prices. This phenomenon is very common in our daily life. Many reasons contribute to such a phenomenon. In the first place, high-grade packaging can attract customers' attention so that they can buy these products and the manufactures can make profits. In the second place, many people are afraid of losing face. In our social communication, we pay more attention to the packaging of commodities than their value or quality when we pick out gifts for our friends or relatives. Last, the poor supervision of markets is another factor for excessive packaging. From my point of view, it is imperative to take actions to prevent the phenomenon. Manufacturers should cooperate with consumers to reduce excessive packaging so as to advocate the reasonable consumption. In addition, laws must be made to ban the excessive packaging.
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题