Part A Directions: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 Advertising follows us everywhere. Whenever we turn on the television, listen to the radio or open a newspaper or magazine, we are bombarded with advertisements. They invite us to try a new type of orange juice, wear X-brand jeans or watch the latest film. They beg us to notice the difference and discover the advantages. They exist to make us want what they are selling. Strangely, the more we are exposed to advertising, the less we notice it. We get so used to seeing advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible, as if they were another part of our everyday lives. But does that mean that we are no longer affected by them? One advertising expert believes that the special power of advertising lies in the fact that we do not pay much attention to it. Dr. Krugman, who was head of research for a major advertising company for many years, says that the less we notice ads, the more we are affected by them. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing advertisements, we lower our defenses, allowing the messages of the advertisements to be taken in and stored, ready to be triggered into action at the right moment. He says that the effects of advertising on the individual are small, but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses. A market analyst says that all advertising, no matter how innocent, is misleading in some way. When asked about the power of advertising in research surveys, most people agree that it works, but not on them. Almost everyone believes that they have complete control over how thousands of ads they see every day affect them.
1. Ads exist to make people want ______.
A.a new type of orange juice
B.X-brand jeans
C.to watch the latest film
D.what they advertise
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。题干的意思是：广告的目的是诱导人们……A、B、C项均可从第一段第三句中找到原文，是作者列举的一些广告例子，不能代表所有商家做广告的目的。本段的中心句“They exist to make us want what they are selling.”与选项D的意思相同。
2. The more we see ads, the less we ______.
A.pay attention to them
B.feel tired of them
C.neglect them
D.put up with them
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实细节题。题干的意思是：我们看到的广告越多，……就越少。这道题的答案可以从第二段第一句话“...the more we are exposed to advertising，the less we notice it.”(我们看到的广告越多，就越不关注它们)中找到。“pay attention to”与“notice”意思相近。
3. Although we may think we are not affected by them, Dr. Krugman believes that advertisements affect ______.
A.all of us
B.most of us
C.some of us
D.a few individuals
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实细节题。题干的意思是：虽然我们可能自认为并未被广告影响，但是Krugman博士却认为广告……本题讨论了广告的影响力，答案在第三段最后一句话：“...but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses.”(但是经过一段时间，广告就对所有人有了很强的影响力)。所以Krugman博士认为广告影响的是所有人。
4. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing ads, we begin to ______.
A.like them
B.be on guard against them
C.accept them
D.dislike them
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理判断题。题干的意思是：Krugman博士认为，当我们不再去注意广告，我们开始……从本文的第三段倒数第二句“...we lower our defenses. allowing the messages of the advertisements to be taken in and stored. ready to be triggered into action at the moment.”(我们放松警惕，让广告传达的信息被接受并储存在我们的脑中，随时都有可能变成行动)可推断出，我们开始接受了它们。
5. When asked about the power of ads, most people agree that ads are ineffective on ______.
A.individuals
B.masses
C.others
D.them
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。题干的意思是：当被问及广告的影响力时，大多数人认为广告对……是不起作用的。本题的答案在第五段第一句话“...most people agree that it works, but not on them.”(大多数人同意广告是起作用的，但是不对他们起作用)可以找到。所以本题的关键在于看清楚问题，文中给的是“认为广告对大多数人起作用，除了自己”，所以应该选D。
Text 2 Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's flight, one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for probable metal." Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain area, sent a message to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible." Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metal." From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word: "Uranium." None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic power of looking down below the earth's surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground...trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing. This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow in the surface. At Watson Bar Greek, a brook(小溪) six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory, the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it. Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.
1. Scientists were flying over a desert or a hilly wasteland or a mountain area in order to search for ______ in the ground.
2. The study of trees, branches and roots shows that ______.
A.there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds
B.there were smaller amounts of gold in the roots than in the branches
C.there were less amounts of gold in the seeds growing on the ends of branches than seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks
D.there was more gold in the branches than in the roots
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。从文中最后一句“The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunks had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches. ”(长在最接近树干上的种子比长在树枝根部的种子要含有更多的金元素)可知答案。故本题选择C。
3. Which is the best title suggested below?
A.Scientists Searching for Metals with Special Power
B.New Methods of Searching for Minerals
C.Gold Could Be Found by Trees and Plants
D.A New Method of Searching for Minerals—Using Trees and Plants
A B C D
D
[解析] 主旨题。通读全文可知文章的大部分(第二至五段)都在讲述通过植物来寻找矿藏。故本题选择D。
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a tree that can help find minerals?
5. The scientists were searching for minerals by using ______.
A.X-ray
B.magic power
C.a special instrument
D.trained eyes
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。从文章第一段的第一句“two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes”(两位科学家用受过训练的眼睛观察树木和灌木)可知答案。故本题选择D。
Part B Directions: Read the texts from a magazine in which five people voice their different opinions in response to an article on the issue of praising. For questions, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A-G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. Jackson: Viewed from a scientist's standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected. That is to say, it is radiated into the atmosphere from the engines, motors, furnaces, power lines, television sets, boilers and all the other energy-consuming machinery that makes our wheels go around. Browning: It is necessary to improve the efficiency with which we use energy in order to do more work. But improvement cannot come overnight, and there are limits beyond which not even science can help. According to the Center for Strategic and International studies, about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work. Jeffrey: In terms of efficiency, buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles. Unless private automobiles can operate at near capacity, their overall efficiency is poor. For example, an urban bus carrying 36 passengers may achieve an efficiency of around 120 passenger-miles per gallon of gasoline. But buses are not always fully loaded, and sometimes they carry no passengers at all. Vandenberg: It is true that buses can sometimes run without passengers. City trains seem to be very efficient, but they suffer the same shortcomings as buses and cost more. Except for rush hours, commuter trains seldom run at full capacity. This wastes even more energy and is more than the management can afford. As a result, commuter trains are truly practical only in places where there are a lot of people. Nathan: For some people, mass transportation may serve their needs. For others, a combination of mass transportation and private transportation may be preferable. Better design and wise use of both mass transportation systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping us make fuller use of energy for transportation. Now match the name of each person (36-40) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements A. Public transportation is usually more energy-efficient. B. City trains and buses have different faults to overcome. C. The efficiency of the city train depends on the size of population. D. No fuel energy is fully used. E. A combined means of transport can help to increase energy efficiency. F. Problems of energy loss can never be completely solved. G. Private cars usually run at full capacity.
1. Jackson
D
[解析] Jackson的观点主要体现在第二句“Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected.”即“有些热量会被直接使用或用于有用的生产。其余的不是丢失了就是被遗弃了”，由此可以推断，燃料里的能量没有被完全利用，因此D选项“没有燃料能源被充分利用。”符合文意，故D为正确答案。 [参考译文] 杰克逊： 从科学家的角度来看，现在或未来的燃料中所有的能量都变成了热量。有些热量会被直接使用或用于有用的生产。其余的不是丢失了就是被遗弃了。也就是说，它从发动机、发动机、熔炉、电力线、电视机、锅炉和所有其他能使我们的轮子运转的消耗能源的机器中被辐射到大气中。 布朗宁： 有必要提高我们使用能源的效率，以便完成更多的工作。但是，这种提高不是一夜之间能实现的，而且其中有些限制就连科学也无能为力。根据战略与国际研究中心的数据，我们用来移动包括我们自己在内的物体的能量大约占四分之三，我们用这些能量完成无关紧要的工作。 杰弗瑞： 在效率方面，公共汽车、火车、以及其他形式的公共交通比私人汽车可以更有效地利用能源。除非私人汽车能够以接近的速度运转，否则它们的整体效率就会很低。例如，一辆承载着36名乘客的市区汽车可能实现的效率大约为每加仑汽油可行驶120客运里程。但是公交车并不总是完全加载，有时他们没有乘客。 范登堡： 的确，没有乘客公交车有时还可以运行。城市列车似乎非常有效，但他们遭受着像公共汽车一样的缺点，而且成本更高。除了高峰期，通勤火车很少满负荷运行。这甚至浪费了比管理所能负担的更多的能源。载上下班乘客的列车只有在人很多的地方才真正实用。 南森： 对于一些人来说，大众运输工具可以为他们的需求服务。对另一些人来说，交通和私人交通工具可能会更好。更好的设计和明智使用大众运输系统和私人交通工具都将在帮助我们更加充分利用能源交通工具方面发挥重要作用。 A．公共交通通常更加节能。 B．城市的火车和公共汽车有不同的缺点需要克服。 C．城市火车的效率取决于人口的大小。 D．没有燃料能源被充分利用。 E．联合运输工具可以帮助提高能源效率。 F．能量损失的问题永远无法完全解决。 G．私家车通常是满负荷运行的。
2. Browning
F
[解析] Browning的观点主要体现在第二句“But improvement cannot come overnight, and there are limits beyond which not even science can help.”即“但是这种提高不是一夜之间能实现的，而且其中有些限制就连科学也无能为力。”由此说明提高能源过程中的有些限制就连科学也无能为力，说明能源浪费是不可避免的，因此F选项“能量损失的问题永远无法完全解决。”符合文意，为正确答案。
3. Jeffrey
A
[解析] Jeffrey的观点主要体现在第一句“In terms of efficiency, buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles.”即“说到效率，公交车、火车和其他公共交通设施对能源的利用可能比私家车更高效。”，这与A选项“公共交通通常更加节能”表述一致，故A为正确答案。
4. Vandenberg
C
[解析] Vandenberg的观点主要体现在最后一句话“As a result, commuter trains are truly practical only in places where there are a lot of people.”即“载上下班乘客的列车只有在人很多的地方才真正实用”，说明城市火车是否实用取决于人口的多少，这与C选项“城市火车的效率取决于人口的大小”表述相符，故C为正确答案。
5. Nathan
E
[解析] Nathan明确提出了“Better design and wise use of both mass transportation systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping us make fuller use of energy for transportation.”，说明更好的设计和更明智的使用两者对我们在交通设施上充分利用交通能源来说至关重要，主张把公共交通设施和私人交通工具结合起来，因此E选项“联合运输工具可以帮助提高能源效率”符合文意，为正确答案。
Part C Directions: Read the following text from which five sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences A-G the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text. There are TWO extra sentences that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. I believe in the 50-percent theory. 1 I believe life is a pendulum swing. It takes time and experience to understand what normal is, and that gives me the perspective to deal with the surprises of the future. 2 I've dealt with the deaths of both parents, a best friend, a beloved boss and cherished pets. Some of these deaths have been violent, before my eyes, or slow and agonizing. Bad stuff, and it belongs at the bottom of the scale. 3 having a child and doing those Dad things like coaching my son's baseball team, paddling around the creek in the boat while he's swimming with the dogs, discovering his compassion so deep it manifests even in his kindness to snails, his imagination so vivid he builds a spaceship from a scattered pile of Legos. But there is a vast meadow of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flip-flop acrobatically. 4 One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland so flood-prone that neighbors laughed. I felt chagrined at the wasted effort. Summer turned brutal—the worst heat wave and drought in my lifetime. The air-conditioned died; the well went dry; the marriage ended; the job lost; the money gone. 5 Worse than normal wouldn't last long. I am owed and savor the halcyon times. They reinvigorate me for the next nasty surprise and offer assurance that can thrive. A. Let's benchmark the parameters: yes, I will die. B. Looking back on that horrible summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely offset the bad. C. Then there are those high points: romance and marriage to the right person, D. This theory has helped me a lot when I was faced with difficulties. E. Sometimes we seem to suffer a lot and everything seems to be wrong. F. This is what convinces me to believe in the 50-percent theory. G. Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they're worse.
Part D Directions: Read the following text from which 10 words have been removed. Choose from the words A-O the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text. There are FIVE extra words that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. It's the first question parents ask when their child is diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Will his future brothers or sisters have a higher risk of 1 it, too? According to the largest study of siblings (兄弟姐妹)in families with autism, the answer is yes. Among 664 children who had at least one older sibling with the developmental disorder, the 2 risk of autism was nearly 19%, 3 higher than previous sibling recurrence estimates that were anywhere from 3% to 10%. Kids with more than one older autistic sibling had an even higher risk of the disorder: 32%. The 4 suggest that genes play a key role in autism risk. But they also hint that other environmental factors. 5 by siblings, like influences in the womb(子宫), many be important as well. On the 6 of the findings, the researchers recommend that doctors closely 7 younger siblings of autistic children to pick up any early signs of the disorder, 8 an unusually large head or delayed language development and communication skills. Evidence suggests that early 9 and diagnosis of autism can help children take advantage of therapies that can treat some of its 10 . A. average B. basis C. common D. consequently E. detection F. developing G. distributed H. dramatically I. including J. monitor K. reason L. results M. shared N. symbols O. symptoms
1.
F
[解析] 该处需填入动名词，与have a risk of构成搭配，意思为“有发展形成(自闭症)…的风险”。故填入develop的动名词形式，做介词of的宾语。
2.
A
[解析] 此处需要填入形容词，修饰后面的名词risk。the average risk of意思为“平均风险”。
深色：已答题 浅色：未答题