Cloze There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960. During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created 1 converting old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the 2 of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to 3 than 200, 000. By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen 4 twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are private institutions. Each has its 5 governing councils, 6 some local businessmen and local politicians as 7 as a few academies. The state began to give grants to them fifty years 8 , and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 9 from state grants. Students have to 10 fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place 11 he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and 12 unless his parents are 13 . Most 14 take jobs in the summer 15 about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside 16 during the academic year. The Department of Education takes 17 for the payment which covers the whole expenditure of the 18 , but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence 19 new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly 20 of academics.
1.
A.with
B.by
C.at
D.into
A B C D
B
2.
A.amount
B.quantity
C.lot
D.number
A B C D
D
3.
A.more
B.much
C.less
D.fewer
A B C D
A
4.
A.with
B.to
C.from
D.beyond
A B C D
B
5.
A.self
B.kind
C.own
D.personal
A B C D
C
6.
A.making
B.consisting
C.including
D.taking
A B C D
C
7.
A.good
B.long
C.little
D.well
A B C D
D
8.
A.ago
B.before
C.after
D.ever
A B C D
A
9.
A.suggestions
B.grades
C.profits
D.funds
A B C D
D
10.
A.make
B.pay
C.change
D.delay
A B C D
B
11.
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.how
A B C D
C
12.
A.living
B.drinking
C.food
D.shelter
A B C D
C
13.
A.poor
B.generous
C.kindhearted
D.rich
A B C D
D
14.
A.professors
B.students
C.politicians
D.businessmen
A B C D
B
15.
A.at
B.since
C.with
D.for
A B C D
D
16.
A.travel
B.work
C.experiment
D.study
A B C D
B
17.
A.responsibility
B.advice
C.duty
D.pleasure
A B C D
A
18.
A.government
B.school
C.universities
D.committees
A B C D
C
19.
A.at
B.to
C.on
D.from
A B C D
C
20.
A.consisted
B.composed
C.made
D.taken
A B C D
B
The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, 21 , depends first and 22 on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money, 23 on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing and "services" such as transport and 24 . A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of 25 have an effect on one another. Wealth depends 26 a great extent upon a country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well 27 with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a 28 climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U.S.A. is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources 29 her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is 30 . The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy. Next to natural resources 31 the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well 32 as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and 33 wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. 34 and stable political conditions, and 35 from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop her resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well 36 by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical 37 of a country's people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians 38 better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large 39 for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to 40 more goods in their working day.
21.
A.furthermore
B.therefore
C.however
D.nevertheless
A B C D
B
22.
A.foremost
B.primary
C.vital
D.principal
A B C D
A
23.
A.nor
B.except
C.or
D.but
A B C D
D
24.
A.attainment
B.achievement
C.entertainment
D.establishment
A B C D
C
25.
A.them
B.it
C.that
D.which
A B C D
D
26.
A.to
B.with
C.on
D.for
A B C D
A
27.
A.applied
B.supplied
C.surrounded
D.replied
A B C D
B
28.
A.favorable
B.marine
C.negative
D.neutral
A B C D
A
29.
A.beyond
B.beside
C.outside
D.within
A B C D
D
30.
A.variable
B.varied
C.colorful
D.constant
A B C D
B
31.
A.comes
B.coming
C.come
D.came
A B C D
A
32.
A.known
B.off
C.organized
D.furnished
A B C D
B
33.
A.contemporary
B.military
C.domestic
D.external
A B C D
D
34.
A.Strong
B.Severe
C.Sound
D.Shallow
A B C D
C
35.
A.liberation
B.prevention
C.freedom
D.phenomenon
A B C D
C
36.
A.served
B.assisted
C.challenged
D.established
A B C D
A
37.
A.effectiveness
B.efficiency
C.sufficiency
D.affection
A B C D
B
38.
A.are
B.have
C.who
D.that
A B C D
A
39.
A.place
B.room
C.margin
D.space
A B C D
C
40.
A.turn into
B.turn up
C.turn out
D.turn on
A B C D
C
Almost everyone has a hobby. A hobby can be 41 people like to do in their spare time. A hobby can 42 them with interest, enjoyment, friendship, knowledge and 43 . It can be something 44 they learn more about themselves or about the world. It may introduce them to friends who share their enthusiasm and from whom they can also learn. It helps both manual 45 mental workers relax after periods of hard work. It also offers interesting and enjoyable 46 for retirees. 47 , it can benefit people's mental and physical health. Different people have different hobbies. People who 48 hobbies are hobbyists. Some paint pictures, sing pop songs, 49 on musical instruments and enjoy 50 coins or stamps; others 51 flowers, go fishing, hunt animals or spend their time 52 sports: climbing mountains, swimming, skating and playing 53 . Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, 54 or well, can follow a satisfying hobby, 55 his age, position, or income. 56 for me, I like sports very much. Sometimes I play tennis or badminton or go swimming. Sometimes I exercise 57 and go running regularly in the morning. 58 I choose, if I exercise regularly, I will be sure to 59 and improve my health 60 my life.
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