Section ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section BDirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section ADirections: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1.
Nature is a weekly international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in all fields of science and technology on the basis of its originality, importance, interdisciplinary interest, timeliness, elegance and surprising conclusions.
Nature also tries to provide rapid, authoritative, insightful and engaging news and interpretations of current and coming trends. The first mission of this journal is to serve scientists through prompt publication of significant advances in each sphere of science, and to provide a forum for the reporting and discussion of news and issues concerning science. A second mission is to ensure that the results of science are rapidly disseminated to the public in a fashion that conveys their significance for knowledge, culture and daily life.
《自然》是国际周刊,发表科技各个领域最高水平、同行评阅的研究成果,录用的标准是新颖独创、价值重要、学科交叉、发表及时、文字优雅和结论惊人。不论是提供的新闻,还是对当前和未来趋势的解读,《自然》力求做到快速见刊、权威可信、分析深刻以及生动有趣。该期刊的首要任务是为科学家服务,及时发表每一个科学领域的重要进展,并创建一个论坛报道和讨论有关科学的新闻和问题。第二个任务是确保科研成果快速传播给大众,并体现这些成果对于知识、文化和日常生活的重要性。
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
由于该短文涉及很多词汇,而且还要熟悉词汇的正确意义,所以学生感到有难度。译文的质量普遍较差。
1.on the basis of...通常翻译为“以……为基础”或“基于……”。在此短文中,该词组修饰publish,也就是“根据……来发表……”,可意译为“录用的标准是……”。
2.不少学生把originality翻译为“源头”或“起源”,把timeliness译为“时间线”。能理解interdisciplinary意义的学生不多。
3.第二句中的四个形容词rapid、authoritative、insightful和engaging既修饰news,也修饰interpretations。名词insight的意义是“深刻的理解”,所以形容词insightful的意义就是“有洞察力的”或“分析有力度的”。字典对engaging的解释是attractive,pleasant,charming(有吸引力的,迷人的)。
4.第三句中的reporting与discussion并列,而news与issues并列。
5.动词disseminate的意义是“to scatter far and wide”(广泛传播)。
6.名词fashion经常与in连用,表示“以……的方式”,在此句中修饰disseminate。在convey their significance中,their指代前面的results of science。
Section BDirections: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
1. 中国高中学生花在学习上的时间很多。白天他们连续八小时接受线下授课,晚上忙于刷题。所以,睡眠不足和视力不好很普遍。他们给人印象最深的地方是学习勤奋和坚持不懈。尽管上大学很容易,但考上名校需要特别高的分数。
High school students in China spend much time studying/on their study. They receive in-person (in-class) instruction for eight consecutive hours during the day and are busy doing mountains of exercises quickly at night, which is why sleep deficiency and poor eyesight are prevalent. What is the most impressive about them is their diligence and perseverance (persistence). Despite the easy accessibility of a college/college education, it takes exceedingly high scores to go to an elite university.
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
1.国内学生最头疼的语法项目之一就是比较级,而且国内作者发表的SCI文章经常错误使用比较级,如male patients were more than female patients,所以翻译第一句时一定要注意词序。只要是以the time开头的译文都是典型的Chinglish,应该扣分。
2.“在白天”可以翻译为during the day、in the daytime和by day,有个别学生翻译为in the white day,实在有些过分。
3.“线下授课”通常翻译为in-person (in-class) instruction,而“线上的”可用online、digital或remote等词,如remote teaching。
4.“忙于”有多种译法,包括be busy with,be busy doing..., be occupied with或be preoccupied with,但很多学生使用be busy to do something,是语法错误。
5.“刷题”可能是中国特有的现象,不好翻译,也没有普遍接受的译法。“刷题”就是“快速完成大量的练习题”。每个学生可按自己的理解翻译“刷题”。
6.通常用sleep deficiency翻译“睡眠不足”,而“视力不好”可翻译为poor eyesight。
7.“他们给人印象最深的地方是……”不好翻译,原因是学生经常忽略某些介词的特殊用法。请注意下列各句中about的用法和意义:
1)There is nothing special about this park.
2)What is unique about this school is the small class size.
3)The most extraordinary thing about this scientist was his life-long pursuit of knowledge.
4)What do you like about her?
在这些句子里,about常用于某个形容词之后,表示某人或某物的特点,是其他介词无法取代的。这四个句子的意义分别为:
1)这个公园没有任何特殊之处。
2)这个学校与众不同之处在于每个班学生人数少。
3)这位科学家最不寻常的地方是一辈子追求知识。
4)她哪儿好?
所以,“他们给人印象最深的地方是……”可翻译为what is the most impressive about them is...。
8.学生见到“接触”就想到touch,看到“坚持”就联想insist,而翻译“了解”就使用know。很多学生使用insist或insistence翻译“坚持不懈”,而正确的译文是persistence或perseverance。
9.“上大学容易”最简单的译法是it is easy to go to college,还可以译为a college education is readily accessible。还要注意despite是介词,不能直接接句子,所以despite it is easy to go to college有语法错误。
10.很多学生见到“需要”就想起了need,不考虑句子的主语或宾语的意义,有时候用其他词替代need可能更好。要表达“做……需要……”,更合适的词是take,也就是it takes...to do something或it takes somebody to do something。把该短文译成优美的英文确实不容易。学生不仅要经常看英语新闻,还要了解一些句型,对语法要求较高。硕士生的英语语法水平并不高,他们很少研究语法,而且教学当中很多老师不重视语法,其后果是翻译和写作当中语法错误较多。